precludev.

Brit.

/prᵻˈkluːd/, U.S.

/priˈklud/,

/prəˈklud/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin praeclūdere.

Etymology: < classical Latin praeclūdere to shut off, to obstruct, to prevent < prae- pre- prefix + claudere to shut (see claudent adj.). Compare Italian precludere (a1472).

1. transitive. To close or bar (a passage or route) against any attempt to pass; to obstruct or prevent (entry or exit). Also in extended use. Now rare, passing into sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > block the way or a passage

forsetc900

withseta1300

stop13..

speara1325

withsperre1330

to stop one's way1338

shut1362

forbara1375

beseta1400

stopc1400

precludea1513

interclude1526

to shut up1526

forestall1528

fence1535

hedge1535

quar1542

foreclose1548

forestop1566

to flounder up1576

obstruct1578

bar1590

retrench1590

to shut the door in (also upon) (a person's) face1596

barricade1606

barricado1611

thwartc1630

blocka1644

overthwart1654

rebarricado1655

to choke up1673

blockade1696

embarrass1735

snow1816

roadblock1950

a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 79 Thus the entre and passage to paradice is precludit to us.

1573 J. Davidson in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 299 This ordour..will preclude the way.

1629 J. Maxwell tr. Herodian Hist. 112 Julian's friends counselled him to advance..and preclude the Alpine Straits.

1653 E. Waterhouse Humble Apol. Learning 187 Preclude your ears..against all rash, rude, irrational, innovating importuners.

1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. v. 143 If you preclude the Access of all Air.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 96. ⁋16 Every intellect was precluded by Prejudice.

1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. II. v. 34 Having precluded every means of escape.

1814 Ld. Byron Corsair iii. ix Since bar and bolt no more his steps preclude.

1834 W. G. Simms Guy Rivers I. ii. 22 A succession of bars..completely crossing the narrow pathway and precluding all passage.

1963 New Yorker 11 May 163/1 But there were many doors that he didn't open. Whole sections seemed precluded to him.

2. transitive. Esp. of a situation or condition: to exclude (a person) from a course of action; to prevent (a person) from doing something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc. > specifically by previous action

prevent1560

preclude1584

1584 T. Lodge Alarum against Vsurers f. 24 How he was inthralled by fancie, how precluded by all occasions, especially by the fathers disdaine.

1615 T. Worthington Whyte dyed Black i. 5 Of this sily & poore euasion, he haith already precluded him selfe.

1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling i. v. 112 It may often happen that he shall be quite precluded.

1724 A. Z. in J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. ii. xi. 75 The Senate was precluded from Enquiries of this Sort, by having repos'd 'em in the Hands, of the Law.

1792 E. Burke Let. to H. Langrishe in Wks. VI. 320 I do not find one word to preclude his majesty from consenting to any arrangement which parliament may make.

1800 Marquess Wellesley Let. 13 July in Select. Despatches (1877) 555 Nearly one-third are..employed in staff offices which preclude them from the performance of regimental duties.

1884 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 12 322 We do not preclude the duke from his remedy..by way of action or indictment.

1934 W. Lewis Men without Art i. iii. 94 Mr. Eliot is precluded..from pointing out the common or garden foolishness of this salvation by poetry.

1988 R. Christiansen Romantic Affinities ii. 89 The Landgrave decently pleaded that his mental state precluded him standing trial.

2005 P. R. Keefe Chatter v. 118 Non-native speakers who might fail to translate something correctly and preclude your noticing that tell-tale clue.

3. transitive. To prevent (an action, event, situation) from taking place, esp. in advance; to remove the possibility of (an event, etc.) occurring, to make impossible; to rule out.Now the usual sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > preclude

warnc1000

exclude1382

forshutc1430

before-barc1449

prohibit1516

foreclose1546

seclude1566

preclude1610

prescind1636

separate1644

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)] > anticipate or forestall > settle by anticipation

preclude1610

foreclose1722

preclose1898

1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr iii. 40 Theodosius and Valentinian making a Law with a non obstante, preclude all dispensations.

1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 320 As to precluding all complaints against excise, leave it to your Committee to bring in a Bill to remedy the inconveniences.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 105. ⁋13 They hesitated till death precluded the decision.

1776 P. Van Cortlandt Let. 21 Jan. in J. Judd Corr. Van Cortlandt Family (1977) 47 The..Hostilities for which we are now so unprepar'd will preclude the possibility of a supply even for our Musquetry in the ensuing Campaign.

1830 F. Marryat King's Own I. ii. 29 Loose trousers, tightened at the hips, to preclude the necessity of suspenders.

1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 120 It may be as well to preclude misunderstanding by repeating.

1932 J. McCarter Pan's Clan 155 Waterless stages precluded adherence to the travelling stock laws.

1976 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 28 Nov. 6/1 The pains Disney often took to preclude his cartoons and live-action films from consideration as serious art.

2004 New Yorker 23 Aug. 65/3 A third died in the acute stages, in states of coma sleep so deep as to preclude arousal.

4. transitive and intransitive. Law (chiefly U.S.). To bar (evidence, testimony, a witness, etc.) from admission to a trial.

ΚΠ

1786 S. Douglas Rep. Court King's Bench (ed. 2) ii. 654/2 Lord Mansfield, said, he did not think the question was so decided as to preclude the evidence being offered.

1817 G. M. Bibb Cases Court of Appeals Kentucky 3 299 That statute does not..preclude the admission of parol evidence, such as was taken in this cause.

1869 N.Y. Herald 13 July 8/5 Motion to preclude defendent from giving evidence denied, with ten dollars cost.

1915 N.Y. Times 9 Oct. 19/4 Pltfs. motion to preclude, granted as to particulars..of the order of Feb. 6.

1972 N.Y. Law Jrnl. 22 Aug. 11/3 Motion to preclude is granted on default unless the bill is served within twenty days after service of a copy of this order.

2005 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl. (Nexis) 29 July c3 Hunt said she was disappointed by Judge Robert D. Krause's decision to preclude evidence from another key witness.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	preclude
释义	precludev. Brit. /prᵻˈkluːd/, U.S. /priˈklud/, /prəˈklud/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin praeclūdere. Etymology: < classical Latin praeclūdere to shut off, to obstruct, to prevent < prae- pre- prefix + claudere to shut (see claudent adj.). Compare Italian precludere (a1472). 1. transitive. To close or bar (a passage or route) against any attempt to pass; to obstruct or prevent (entry or exit). Also in extended use. Now rare, passing into sense 3. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > block the way or a passage forsetc900 withseta1300 stop13.. speara1325 withsperre1330 to stop one's way1338 shut1362 forbara1375 beseta1400 stopc1400 precludea1513 interclude1526 to shut up1526 forestall1528 fence1535 hedge1535 quar1542 foreclose1548 forestop1566 to flounder up1576 obstruct1578 bar1590 retrench1590 to shut the door in (also upon) (a person's) face1596 barricade1606 barricado1611 thwartc1630 blocka1644 overthwart1654 rebarricado1655 to choke up1673 blockade1696 embarrass1735 snow1816 roadblock1950 a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 79 Thus the entre and passage to paradice is precludit to us. 1573 J. Davidson in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 299 This ordour..will preclude the way. 1629 J. Maxwell tr. Herodian Hist. 112 Julian's friends counselled him to advance..and preclude the Alpine Straits. 1653 E. Waterhouse Humble Apol. Learning 187 Preclude your ears..against all rash, rude, irrational, innovating importuners. 1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. v. 143 If you preclude the Access of all Air. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 96. ⁋16 Every intellect was precluded by Prejudice. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. II. v. 34 Having precluded every means of escape. 1814 Ld. Byron Corsair iii. ix Since bar and bolt no more his steps preclude. 1834 W. G. Simms Guy Rivers I. ii. 22 A succession of bars..completely crossing the narrow pathway and precluding all passage. 1963 New Yorker 11 May 163/1 But there were many doors that he didn't open. Whole sections seemed precluded to him. 2. transitive. Esp. of a situation or condition: to exclude (a person) from a course of action; to prevent (a person) from doing something. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc. > specifically by previous action prevent1560 preclude1584 1584 T. Lodge Alarum against Vsurers f. 24 How he was inthralled by fancie, how precluded by all occasions, especially by the fathers disdaine. 1615 T. Worthington Whyte dyed Black i. 5 Of this sily & poore euasion, he haith already precluded him selfe. 1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling i. v. 112 It may often happen that he shall be quite precluded. 1724 A. Z. in J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. ii. xi. 75 The Senate was precluded from Enquiries of this Sort, by having repos'd 'em in the Hands, of the Law. 1792 E. Burke Let. to H. Langrishe in Wks. VI. 320 I do not find one word to preclude his majesty from consenting to any arrangement which parliament may make. 1800 Marquess Wellesley Let. 13 July in Select. Despatches (1877) 555 Nearly one-third are..employed in staff offices which preclude them from the performance of regimental duties. 1884 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 12 322 We do not preclude the duke from his remedy..by way of action or indictment. 1934 W. Lewis Men without Art i. iii. 94 Mr. Eliot is precluded..from pointing out the common or garden foolishness of this salvation by poetry. 1988 R. Christiansen Romantic Affinities ii. 89 The Landgrave decently pleaded that his mental state precluded him standing trial. 2005 P. R. Keefe Chatter v. 118 Non-native speakers who might fail to translate something correctly and preclude your noticing that tell-tale clue. 3. transitive. To prevent (an action, event, situation) from taking place, esp. in advance; to remove the possibility of (an event, etc.) occurring, to make impossible; to rule out.Now the usual sense. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > preclude warnc1000 exclude1382 forshutc1430 before-barc1449 prohibit1516 foreclose1546 seclude1566 preclude1610 prescind1636 separate1644 the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)] > anticipate or forestall > settle by anticipation preclude1610 foreclose1722 preclose1898 1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr iii. 40 Theodosius and Valentinian making a Law with a non obstante, preclude all dispensations. 1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 320 As to precluding all complaints against excise, leave it to your Committee to bring in a Bill to remedy the inconveniences. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 105. ⁋13 They hesitated till death precluded the decision. 1776 P. Van Cortlandt Let. 21 Jan. in J. Judd Corr. Van Cortlandt Family (1977) 47 The..Hostilities for which we are now so unprepar'd will preclude the possibility of a supply even for our Musquetry in the ensuing Campaign. 1830 F. Marryat King's Own I. ii. 29 Loose trousers, tightened at the hips, to preclude the necessity of suspenders. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 120 It may be as well to preclude misunderstanding by repeating. 1932 J. McCarter Pan's Clan 155 Waterless stages precluded adherence to the travelling stock laws. 1976 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 28 Nov. 6/1 The pains Disney often took to preclude his cartoons and live-action films from consideration as serious art. 2004 New Yorker 23 Aug. 65/3 A third died in the acute stages, in states of coma sleep so deep as to preclude arousal. 4. transitive and intransitive. Law (chiefly U.S.). To bar (evidence, testimony, a witness, etc.) from admission to a trial. ΚΠ 1786 S. Douglas Rep. Court King's Bench (ed. 2) ii. 654/2 Lord Mansfield, said, he did not think the question was so decided as to preclude the evidence being offered. 1817 G. M. Bibb Cases Court of Appeals Kentucky 3 299 That statute does not..preclude the admission of parol evidence, such as was taken in this cause. 1869 N.Y. Herald 13 July 8/5 Motion to preclude defendent from giving evidence denied, with ten dollars cost. 1915 N.Y. Times 9 Oct. 19/4 Pltfs. motion to preclude, granted as to particulars..of the order of Feb. 6. 1972 N.Y. Law Jrnl. 22 Aug. 11/3 Motion to preclude is granted on default unless the bill is served within twenty days after service of a copy of this order. 2005 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl. (Nexis) 29 July c3 Hunt said she was disappointed by Judge Robert D. Krause's decision to preclude evidence from another key witness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.a1513
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