prepositionn.

Brit.

/ˌprɛpəˈzɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌprɛpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ (in sense 3a also)Brit.

/ˌpriːpəˈzɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌpripəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English preposicioun, late Middle English–1500s preposicion, late Middle English–1500s preposicyon, 1500s preposycion, 1500s preposytion, 1500s– preposition, 1700s praeposition; Scottish pre-1700 prepositione, pre-1700 prepositioun, 1700s– preposition.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French preposition; Latin praepositiōn-, praepositiō.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French preposicion (second half of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman as preposion (probably transmission error); in Middle French also as preposition; French préposition , †preposition ) preposition (in grammar) (beginning of the 14th cent. or earlier), introductory part of a discourse (late 14th cent. or earlier), action of placing in front (1487) and its etymon classical Latin praepositiōn-, praepositiō action of placing in front, action of prefixing a word, prefix, preposition < praeposit- , past participial stem of praepōnere prepone v.¹ + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan, Occitan preposicion (second half of the 13th cent.), Catalan preposició (13th cent.), Spanish preposición (c1250), Portuguese preposição (1540), Italian preposizione (14th cent.). In sense 2 probably by confusion with proposition n. 1c.Latin praepositio rendered Greek πρόθεσις (see prothesis n.), both terms having the wider sense, 1b; thus, such particles as Greek εὐ- well, and Latin in- not, were included among prepositions. For earlier use of classical Latin praepositiō in an English context (in sense 1a) compare:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 267 Praepositio est pars orationis indeclinabilis. Praepositio mæg beon gecweden on englisc foresetnys, forðan ðe he stent æfre on foreweardan, swa hwær swa he byð, beo he gefeged to oðrum worde, ne beo he.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 270 Usque nimð oftost oðerne praepositio him to: usque ad faeces biberunt.

a. Grammar. An indeclinable word or particle governing (and usually preceding) a noun, pronoun, etc., and expressing a relation between it and another word. Also formerly used with reference to: such a word when combined as prefix with a verb or other word, and certain other particles of similar force which are used only in combination (also called inseparable prepositions).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > other parts of speech > [noun] > preposition

prepositionc1434

prep.1668

prepositive1693

c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 81 (MED) With what case xal þe comparatif degre be construid with be cause of his degre? With an ablatif case of eyþer nownbre with oute a preposicion.

a1450 (a1397) Prol. Old Test. in Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Cambr. Mm.2.15) (1850) xv. 60 Manie such aduerbis, coniuncciouns, and preposiciouns ben set ofte oon for another and at fre chois of autouris sumtyme.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 40 They take awaye the preposytion and say, la robbe mon maistre.

c1590 J. Leech Certaine Gram. Questions sig. B2^v A Pronowne & a Participle may very wel be referred to a Nowne, & a Preposition and Interjection may well be referred to an Adverbe.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. 93 The Preposition must be ioined with his case.

1672 J. Dryden Def. Epilogue in Conquest Granada 165 The Preposition in the end of the sentence; a common fault with him.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) 'Tis called Præposition, because 'tis most frequently in the Latin Tongue placed before other Words.

1762 R. Lowth Short Introd. Eng. Gram. 111 The Participle with a Preposition before it, and still retaining its Government, answers to what is called in Latin the Gerund.

a1854 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. (1878) iii. 102 The peculiarly characteristic arrangement, which puts a preposition at the end of a sentence, is eminently an English idiom.

1875 Leland Fusang x. 102 Those Asiatic languages have, moreover, no prepositions, but only postpositions.

1933 O. Jespersen Essentials of English Grammar vii. 69 Nor need a preposition..stand before the word it governs.

1968 J. H. Greenberg Anthropol. Linguistics 138 The classification of words into the traditional parts of speech—noun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition—provided a universal framework.

1991 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 36 364 Vergnaud notes that a true preposition need not be repeated in the second conjunct of a conjunction.

†b. Any word or particle prefixed to another word; a prefix. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > affix > prefix

preposition1565

prefix1646

inchoationa1661

preformant1731

preformative1799

inseparable preposition1820

1565 Kyng Daryus (Brandl) 838 That Preposition In is a pestilent fellow For it is that which maketh this variance betwene mee and you: My name is called Iniquitee, And thy name is called mayster Equytie.

1655 W. Gouge & T. Gouge Learned Comm. Hebrewes (xi. 5) iii. 16 The preposition (εὐ) with which (the verb) it is compounded signifieth (εὐηρεστηκέναι) well.

1669 J. Milton Accedence 39 A Preposition is a part of Speech most commonly, either set before Nouns in Apposition, as ad patrem, or joyn'd with any other words in Composition, as indoctus.

†2. A setting forth; an exposition, a proposition. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > a speech

speakingc1275

cry1303

orisona1382

sermonc1385

exhortationc1450

oration?1504

prepositiona1513

declamation1523

concion1541

speak1567

set speech1573

speech1583

hortative1612

allocution1615

public addressa1639

address1643

presentation1714

speechification1809

speechment1826

the mind > language > statement > [noun] > a statement or declaration > of facts or particulars

exposition1388

reckoningc1390

prepositiona1513

factum1648

exposé1715

statement1750

exposal1885

tell-all1940

position statement1960

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxxii. f. lxviii Dagobert..made a longe preposicion, & oracion concernynge y^e allegiaunce which he exortyd his Lordes to owe & bere to hym.

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. cxcvi. [cxcii.] f. ccl/1 This preposycion that the vnyuersite hadde made before the kynge, pleased right well the kynge [Fr. Ceste ymagination proposee deuant le roy..sembla bonne].

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 390 The said Sir Iohn Bushe in all his prepositions to the king, did not onely attribute to him worldly honours, but diuyne names.

a. The action of placing a particular thing before another; position before or in front of another thing. Chiefly Linguistics.Now usually hyphenated in this sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > front > [noun] > placing or being placed in front

preposition1586

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [noun] > placing of word before

preposition1586

anteposition1728

preposing1967

1586 W. Webbe Disc. Eng. Poetrie sig. H.i I am constrayned to straine curtesy with the preposition of a worde compounded or such like, which breaketh no great square.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Preposition, a putting or setting before.

1885 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 6 346 Contrasting the English preposition with the French postposition of the adjective.

1901 M. Calloway in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 16 153 In Anglo-Saxon the appositive participle regularly follows its principal (post-position), though occasionally it precedes (pre-position).

1930 T. Sasaki On Lang. R. Bridges' Poetry 26 In French, where postposition, and not pre-position, of the adj. attrib. is the general rule.

1946 O. Jespersen Mod. Eng. Gram. V. xxi. 392 Historically, however, for was a subordinating conjunction, as shown (1) by the possibility of pre-position.

1999 M. Stewart Spanish Lang. Today 162 Lexically, the text is characterized by..pre-position rather than post-position of adjectives.

†b. A thing placed before or in front of another. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [noun] > preceding in order > something placed before

preposition1635

1635 G. Wither Coll. Emblemes (ad. init.) A preposition to this Frontispiece.

1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music at Sharp A character, the power of which is to raise the note before which it is placed half a tone higher than it would be without such a preposition.

†4. In plural. Premises (see premise n. 1). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > premise(s)

premisea1398

antecedenta1425

antecedencea1500

proposition1532

prepositions1647

premisala1651

hypothesis1656

1647 T. Fuller Cause Wounded Conscience iii. 19 Gods children by better Logick, from the prepositions of Gods former preservations, inferre his power and pleasure to protect them for the future.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	preposition
释义	prepositionn. Brit. /ˌprɛpəˈzɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌprɛpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ (in sense 3a also)Brit. /ˌpriːpəˈzɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌpripəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English preposicioun, late Middle English–1500s preposicion, late Middle English–1500s preposicyon, 1500s preposycion, 1500s preposytion, 1500s– preposition, 1700s praeposition; Scottish pre-1700 prepositione, pre-1700 prepositioun, 1700s– preposition. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French preposition; Latin praepositiōn-, praepositiō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French preposicion (second half of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman as preposion (probably transmission error); in Middle French also as preposition; French préposition , †preposition ) preposition (in grammar) (beginning of the 14th cent. or earlier), introductory part of a discourse (late 14th cent. or earlier), action of placing in front (1487) and its etymon classical Latin praepositiōn-, praepositiō action of placing in front, action of prefixing a word, prefix, preposition < praeposit- , past participial stem of praepōnere prepone v.¹ + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan, Occitan preposicion (second half of the 13th cent.), Catalan preposició (13th cent.), Spanish preposición (c1250), Portuguese preposição (1540), Italian preposizione (14th cent.). In sense 2 probably by confusion with proposition n. 1c.Latin praepositio rendered Greek πρόθεσις (see prothesis n.), both terms having the wider sense, 1b; thus, such particles as Greek εὐ- well, and Latin in- not, were included among prepositions. For earlier use of classical Latin praepositiō in an English context (in sense 1a) compare:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 267 Praepositio est pars orationis indeclinabilis. Praepositio mæg beon gecweden on englisc foresetnys, forðan ðe he stent æfre on foreweardan, swa hwær swa he byð, beo he gefeged to oðrum worde, ne beo he.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 270 Usque nimð oftost oðerne praepositio him to: usque ad faeces biberunt. 1. a. Grammar. An indeclinable word or particle governing (and usually preceding) a noun, pronoun, etc., and expressing a relation between it and another word. Also formerly used with reference to: such a word when combined as prefix with a verb or other word, and certain other particles of similar force which are used only in combination (also called inseparable prepositions). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > other parts of speech > [noun] > preposition prepositionc1434 prep.1668 prepositive1693 c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 81 (MED) With what case xal þe comparatif degre be construid with be cause of his degre? With an ablatif case of eyþer nownbre with oute a preposicion. a1450 (a1397) Prol. Old Test. in Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Cambr. Mm.2.15) (1850) xv. 60 Manie such aduerbis, coniuncciouns, and preposiciouns ben set ofte oon for another and at fre chois of autouris sumtyme. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 40 They take awaye the preposytion and say, la robbe mon maistre. c1590 J. Leech Certaine Gram. Questions sig. B2^v A Pronowne & a Participle may very wel be referred to a Nowne, & a Preposition and Interjection may well be referred to an Adverbe. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. 93 The Preposition must be ioined with his case. 1672 J. Dryden Def. Epilogue in Conquest Granada 165 The Preposition in the end of the sentence; a common fault with him. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) 'Tis called Præposition, because 'tis most frequently in the Latin Tongue placed before other Words. 1762 R. Lowth Short Introd. Eng. Gram. 111 The Participle with a Preposition before it, and still retaining its Government, answers to what is called in Latin the Gerund. a1854 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. (1878) iii. 102 The peculiarly characteristic arrangement, which puts a preposition at the end of a sentence, is eminently an English idiom. 1875 Leland Fusang x. 102 Those Asiatic languages have, moreover, no prepositions, but only postpositions. 1933 O. Jespersen Essentials of English Grammar vii. 69 Nor need a preposition..stand before the word it governs. 1968 J. H. Greenberg Anthropol. Linguistics 138 The classification of words into the traditional parts of speech—noun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition—provided a universal framework. 1991 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 36 364 Vergnaud notes that a true preposition need not be repeated in the second conjunct of a conjunction. †b. Any word or particle prefixed to another word; a prefix. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > affix > prefix preposition1565 prefix1646 inchoationa1661 preformant1731 preformative1799 inseparable preposition1820 1565 Kyng Daryus (Brandl) 838 That Preposition In is a pestilent fellow For it is that which maketh this variance betwene mee and you: My name is called Iniquitee, And thy name is called mayster Equytie. 1655 W. Gouge & T. Gouge Learned Comm. Hebrewes (xi. 5) iii. 16 The preposition (εὐ) with which (the verb) it is compounded signifieth (εὐηρεστηκέναι) well. 1669 J. Milton Accedence 39 A Preposition is a part of Speech most commonly, either set before Nouns in Apposition, as ad patrem, or joyn'd with any other words in Composition, as indoctus. †2. A setting forth; an exposition, a proposition. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > a speech speakingc1275 cry1303 orisona1382 sermonc1385 exhortationc1450 oration?1504 prepositiona1513 declamation1523 concion1541 speak1567 set speech1573 speech1583 hortative1612 allocution1615 public addressa1639 address1643 presentation1714 speechification1809 speechment1826 the mind > language > statement > [noun] > a statement or declaration > of facts or particulars exposition1388 reckoningc1390 prepositiona1513 factum1648 exposé1715 statement1750 exposal1885 tell-all1940 position statement1960 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxxii. f. lxviii Dagobert..made a longe preposicion, & oracion concernynge y^e allegiaunce which he exortyd his Lordes to owe & bere to hym. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. cxcvi. [cxcii.] f. ccl/1 This preposycion that the vnyuersite hadde made before the kynge, pleased right well the kynge [Fr. Ceste ymagination proposee deuant le roy..sembla bonne]. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 390 The said Sir Iohn Bushe in all his prepositions to the king, did not onely attribute to him worldly honours, but diuyne names. 3. a. The action of placing a particular thing before another; position before or in front of another thing. Chiefly Linguistics.Now usually hyphenated in this sense. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > front > [noun] > placing or being placed in front preposition1586 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [noun] > placing of word before preposition1586 anteposition1728 preposing1967 1586 W. Webbe Disc. Eng. Poetrie sig. H.i I am constrayned to straine curtesy with the preposition of a worde compounded or such like, which breaketh no great square. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Preposition, a putting or setting before. 1885 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 6 346 Contrasting the English preposition with the French postposition of the adjective. 1901 M. Calloway in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 16 153 In Anglo-Saxon the appositive participle regularly follows its principal (post-position), though occasionally it precedes (pre-position). 1930 T. Sasaki On Lang. R. Bridges' Poetry 26 In French, where postposition, and not pre-position, of the adj. attrib. is the general rule. 1946 O. Jespersen Mod. Eng. Gram. V. xxi. 392 Historically, however, for was a subordinating conjunction, as shown (1) by the possibility of pre-position. 1999 M. Stewart Spanish Lang. Today 162 Lexically, the text is characterized by..pre-position rather than post-position of adjectives. †b. A thing placed before or in front of another. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [noun] > preceding in order > something placed before preposition1635 1635 G. Wither Coll. Emblemes (ad. init.) A preposition to this Frontispiece. 1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music at Sharp A character, the power of which is to raise the note before which it is placed half a tone higher than it would be without such a preposition. †4. In plural. Premises (see premise n. 1). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > premise(s) premisea1398 antecedenta1425 antecedencea1500 proposition1532 prepositions1647 premisala1651 hypothesis1656 1647 T. Fuller Cause Wounded Conscience iii. 19 Gods children by better Logick, from the prepositions of Gods former preservations, inferre his power and pleasure to protect them for the future. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > see also also refers to : pre-positionv. < n.c1434 see also
随便看	melancholias melancholic melancholic gentleman melancholic temperament melancholical melancholically melancholicalness marriage counseling marriage counselling marriage counsellor marriage counselor marriage covenant marriage day marriage deed marriage dinner marriage dowry marriage dress marriage dues marriage duty marriage encounter marriage faith marriage favours marriage feast marriage finger marriage gear

prepositionn.

> see also