| 释义 |
preceptn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French precept; Latin praeceptum. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman precep, Anglo-Norman and Middle French precept (Middle French, French précepte ) command, order (12th cent. in Old French), maxim (mid 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), (in law) mandate, warrant (14th cent. in Anglo-Norman), rule of conduct (1546), moral precept (1665) and its etymon classical Latin praeceptum piece of advice, teaching, principle, rule, instruction, order, use as noun of neuter singular of past participle of praecipere to take beforehand, to anticipate, to presuppose, to give instruction, to advise, to order, command < prae- pre- prefix + capere to take (see capture n.). 1. society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > a command society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation > a regulation or rule the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > serious saying, dictum > [noun] > as rule of conduct, etc. society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Testament > Old Testament > [noun] > Mosaic dispensation > decalogue a1325 (2011) vii. 55 To ansuerien ware'fore' a nabbez noȝt isiwed þe kinges precept. c1375 G. Chaucer 3247 This Sampsoun neuere ciser drank ne wyn..By precept of the messager dyuyn. c1395 G. Chaucer 65 Thapostle, whan he speketh of maydenhede, He seyde that precept ther of hadde he noon. a1425 (c1384) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. v. 6 Thei walkeden not in my preceptis, or heestis [a1425 L.V. comaundementis; L. præceptis]. 1495 (de Worde) xiv. vi. 471 Ebal is a hyll..,theron stode the vj lignages..to curse all tho that helde not the x preceptes [a1500 Bodl. hestes]. 1526 W. Bonde i. sig. Biiiiv The .x. commaundementes and other preceptes of good moralite. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. ijv It is S. Paules precept, that suche as be appointed to instruct the people, should be furnished..with holsome and sounde doctrine. 1564 B j Vpon the .x. preceptes. 1638 F. Quarles i. 4 This golden Precept, Know thy selfe, came downe From heav'ns high Court. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot i. 33 Though Wine seems to be Prohibited by the Alcoran, yet the good-fellows say, that it is no more but an advice or council, and not a precept. a1721 M. Prior (1723) 190 Example draws where precept fails. 1785 T. Jefferson xiv. 262 It is a problem which I give to the master to solve, whether the religious precepts against the violation of property were not framed for him as well as his slave? 1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone v. 128 Teaching them, by precept and example, the great truths of our Holy Religion. 1932 G. B. Shaw in 60 The prudent old precept, ‘Dont throw out your dirty water until you get in your clean’. 1992 J. M. Kelly i. 31 There are passages also in Aristophanes and Euripides which present the principle of hearing both sides in the light of a precept of wisdom rather than of justice. society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation > a regulation or rule > of technical or scientific treatment 1552 R. Record (rev. ed.) sig. Siijv Subtraction hath the same preceptes that Addition had. 1592 W. West §100 D They which haue learned by heart all the tropes, figures and precepts of Rhetoricke. 1669 S. Sturmy vi. iii. 117 I have been the larger in this precept, that it may be a Rule of Direction. 1756 J. Warton I. iii. 124 The precepts of the art of poesy, were posterior to practise. 1812 R. Woodhouse ix. 65 In the precept..for finding the length of the year. 1901 11 The ‘equation of time’ is indicated in the Ephemeris by the precepts before or after clock. 1969 P. A. Robinson 148 The typical practicing psychoanalyst carefully distinguished the discrete precepts and techniques of his therapeutic science from the ambitious meta-historical adventures in which Freud had indulged. 1999 76 167 The Decameron.., as a self-proclaimed lovers' manual, is inherently a union of passion and precept, nature and art. society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > commandment or precept c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xvi. 24 Whanne he hadde takyn such a precept [L. præceptum], sente hem into the ynner prisoun. ?1435 ( J. Lydgate (1934) ii. 645 To whom was yoven a precept in scripture. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 982 All þe curte, kniȝtis & erles, Suld put þaim in-to presens his precep to here. c1500 (?a1475) (1896) 1682 When Adam & Eue had broke the precept. 1518 in W. Fraser (1892) III. 69 Gif they will be inobeand till our preceptis and chargis. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil xii. x. 26 Heir I command no tary nor delay Be maid of my preceptis, quhat I sal say. c1625 J. Smith (1882) 267 Precepts are sent downe into the maine to vrge the people to their worck, and with all conuenient speede to bring up their tobacco to the shypinge. society > authority > delegated authority > [noun] > authorization > a token or evidence of > written 1397 (1844) I. 208/2 And it is ordanyt that the chanceller sal write precepte of this statut [against the destroyers of the country] til al scherefis justicez. 1444 V. 110/2 That he take no more for makyng of any such Obligation, Waraunt, or Precept, by thaym to be made but iiii d. 1450 V. 211/1 It is ordeyned that the Shirref of every Shire..execute all maner of Preceptes and Warauntez to hym fro the seid Commissioners directe. 1518 in Sir W. Fraser (1892) III. 69 We..sall gif our preceppis to delyuer the saidis Jonet and Elesabeht to the seid Johune in keping. ?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. xlv. 382 His precept of pensione furth he tuike, Biddand my Lord subscryve ane letter. 1605–6 in J. Stuart (1852) V. 79 The marques precept for the discharging of Lambes and Lauren fairis. a1626 F. Bacon (1630) 31 If a warrant or precept come from the King to sell wood vpon the ground whereof I am tenant. 1700 J. Tyrrell II. 907 The Pope sent his Precepts or Breves. 1762 H. Walpole I. i. 3 The king sending a precept to the Sheriff of Hampshire to have a chamber in the royal castle painted. 4. spec.society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] 1427–8 (1814) II. 15/2 All bischoppis..dukis..be reseruit & summonde to consalis & to parliamentis be his [the king's] special precep. 1444 V. 110/1 Retourne uppon eny Writtes or Precepts to theyme directed. 1503–4 c. 15 §1 Every Shereff..to whom eny writte or precepte is..directe. 1584 in D. Masson (1880) 1st Ser. III. 710 Our schiref-officiar being thair present with ane precept. 1600 W. Shakespeare v. i. 11 Mary sir thus, those precepts can not be serued. View more context for this quotation 1678 G. Mackenzie i. 257 Executing of any Summonds, Letters, or Precept direct by His Highnesse, or other Judges. 1709 in (1890) XV. 566 Ordered, that a precept be issued to all or either of the said officers,..to bring their said prisoner..forthwith before the Governor and Council. 1868 E. Edwards I. xix. 385 I have the original precept and panel of the Jury before me. 2003 (Nexis) 17 Mar. 4 Other examples of language the Law Society wants its members to avoid are: ad idem (indicating that people involved in a transaction are in agreement), ‘precept’ (a lawful demand or direction). 1446 No. 312 Retornyt agayne to the chapelle and fundyne full serwit a precepe tharof is cummyn till vs agayn commandand us to gife sesing of the sayd landis to the said Robert. 1515 in Sir W. Fraser (1892) III. 59 A precept of seisyne of al and haill the erldome of Sutherland..is direct to ws in dew form be our souerane lordis chapell. 1561 in J. H. Burton (1877) 1st Ser. I. 178 It is desyrit that preceptis be grantit be hir Grace for proving of saising to hir. 1590 in D. Masson (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 514 His Hienes..promittis that he sall at na tyme heireftir grant ony provisioun or precept of the dewitie foirsaid..to na maner of persoun or personis, except for [etc.]. a1648 W. Bowie (1855) 92 The said Sir Robert Gaw at the getting of ane precept of these landis the soume of ane thowsand merkis. 1661 in (1820) VII. 99/2 Which instrument of sasine proceids vpon ane precept direct be the deceast James Duke of Hamilton superior of the saids lands. 1673 A. Fraser in J. G. Burnett (1951) 214 Ane Charter of confirmatione & apprysing..disponing the forsd half netts salmond fishing to him containing a precept of Sasine. 1709 A. Birnie (new ed.) 241 The giving of Infeftment of Lands redeemable or irredeemable is by Delivery of Earth and Stone of the Ground of the said Lands by the Proprietor, or his Commissioner as Baillie in that Part, to the Acquirer, or his Acturney, having and holding in his Hands, the Writs or Precepts, before Two Witnesses at least. 1874 c. 94 §4 (1) When lands have been feued..It shall not..be necessary..that he shall obtain from the superior any charter, precept, or other writ by progress. 1881 N. Macpherson (ed. 16) 149 (note) The precept of sasine is no longer a necessary part of any conveyance of land... If it should now be inserted, a short form is provided by 8 & 9 Vict. c. 35. 1896 W. K. Morton 100 A formal charter came to be granted, with a Letter or Precept in a separate writing authorising the bailie to give possession, which in turn came to be embodied in the [feu] charter itself. 1909 24 777 Notarial instruments, instruments and precepts of sasine, and all the apparatus of the holding and transfer of property..are here exhibited. society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > [noun] > credit documents 1473–4 in T. Dickson (1877) I. 65 Gevin to the Priour of the Blac Freris..be a precept subscriuit with the kingis hand. 1584 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. 863 His precept of pensione furth he tuike Biddand my lord subscryve ane letter. 1622 Argyll Rentals (Argyll Arch., Inverary Castle) in (at cited word) To McNauchtane be vertew of my Lord of Argyll's precept mertimes. 1675 in (1935) I. 340 Who..have ordaned a precept on John M'Fersone customer to give him five merks Scotts. 1706 in W. M. Inglis (1904) 43 His lordship had given him a precept on James Christie for the £16 Scots which was over. 1738 in H. Paton (1939) 618 To William M'Kie..under his necessity by two precepts, the precepts falen by but consistent with memory... £4 10 0. 1795 VII. 178 Precepts are distributions made by the session, as occasion requires. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > [noun] > order for election to be held 1684 ii. 20 Upon the Death of a King, he hath the chief Management of Affairs, and issues out Precepts for the Election of a new Prince. 1765 W. Blackstone I. ii. 177 Within three days after the receipt of this writ, the sheriff is to send his precept, under his seal, to the proper returning officers of the cities and boroughs, commanding them to elect their members. 1852–3 c. 68 §3 After the receipt of the writ or precept. 1878 W. Stubbs (ed. 2) III. xx. 413 The sheriffs shall send to the magistrates..a precept for the election to be made by the citizens [etc.]. 1983 c.2 §195 Section 97..does not apply to an offence committed on or before the day on which a precept is issued. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > order for 1877 W. H. Burroughs 262 They constitute his precept, and so long as this is correct on the face of it he may obey its commands. 1894 16 Oct. 5/3 Under the Equalisation of Rates Act it was left to the Local Government Board to prescribe the forms of precepts to be used... The ‘equalisation charge’ may be either included as an item of the ordinary precept, or made the subject of a separate precept. 1976 31 Dec. 11/7 The following figures indicate the estimated expenditure, followed by the precept—the figure which is likely to be required after taking into account balances available from the current year. 1991 J. Kingdom iv. 55 They obtain funds from the member authorities through a precept (a demand that the authority collect a certain amount of tax on their behalf) or by borrowing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). preceptv. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: Latin praeceptus ; precept n. Etymology: Partly < classical Latin praeceptus, past participle of praecipere to take beforehand, to anticipate, to presuppose, to give instruction, to advise, to order, command (see precept n.), and partly directly < precept n.Earliest attested as past participle. N.E.D.'s first sense (‘to seize beforehand, take in anticipation’), recorded only in 1545, in fact illustrates prerept v., though one of the two 1550 editions mistakenly reads ‘precept’. 1. society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > teach (a thing) society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > issue (a commandment) > lay down as a precept ?a1475 (1922) 255 (MED) In þe olde lawe it was comawndyd and precepte To ete þis lomb to þe dystruccyon of pharao. c1475 (c1450) P. Idley (Cambr.) (1935) ii. A. 1079 ‘Thy fadre and modre thow shalt honoure’: This is precepte of God to euery man. a1500 in R. L. Greene (1977) 71 (MED) Whan alle he here hartys wyst, Sendyng hem forth he precepte: ‘Dyligently goo atte yowr lyst.’ 1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero i. sig. A.3 Moste playnly those thynges sem to be euydent, whiche of offyce and good maner be gyue and precept of them. a1627 W. Sclater (1638) 133 When the duties are morally prescribed, precepted, here the vow increaseth the obligation. a1663 R. Sanderson Treat. Humane Laws in tr. R. Mocket (1727) 73 From giving the Precept of his Law taken materially, that is, from the Necessity of the Thing it self which is precepted. 1701 tr. F. Burgersdijck xvii. 59 The first of these [Conditions of the Transient Cause] is precepted, Book 7. Physics, Cap. 3. society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > issue (a commandment) > give a precept to 1627 W. Sclater 206 Hath God..precepted vs in vaine, to aske with assurance of audience. 1661 O. Felltham (rev. ed.) 238 I do not find, but it may well become a man to..precept himself into the practise of Vertue. 1830 26 Jan. 4/1 Mr. Cope said that he had precepted the constables of the several wards..and that they had all attended in waiting at the various watchhouses. 1973 4 442 Deli Müfti was a learned man, and Hacı Ali Efendi approached him with the offer of a monthly salary in return for precepting his grandson. 1986 (Nexis) Aug. 44 ‘Would you like to precept a student nurse?’ my supervisor asked. 2005 (Nexis) 24 Jan. c2 Volunteer activities: Precepting medical students from Dartmouth and physician assistant students from UNE and MCPHS. 2. British. 1913 15 Nov. 9/5 Questions might be raised again as to the power of the Board to precept for more than one year's deficiency in any one year. 1928 27 Mar. 11/3 Much concern was recently created..by the guardians precepting on the town council for a substantially increased rate. 1974 26 Apr. 2/2 Where percentage rises are especially high one cause is said to be the practice of some old water boards of covering a large part of their expenditure by precepting on the general rates. 1982 7 Aug. 9/6 Far from precepting at will the authority agreed a budget this year about the same..as last year. 1992 S. Holloway xviii. 156/1 The Home Secretary was given the power to appoint Fire Inspectors..to appoint a fire service board to take over an area and precept on its rates if, after two years, an efficient fire service had not been provided. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [verb (intransitive)] > issue order for 1936 20 May 13/4 Local authorities had been precepted up to a 2d. rate. 1961 30 May (I.C.I. Suppl.) p. xiv/3 The county council precepts 72 per cent of the rates. 1994 T. Byrne (ed. 6) xi. 317 Those which were not so named [as ‘rating authorities’]..were to raise their finance by ‘precepting’ the rating authorities. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.a1325 v.?a1475 |
