单词 | prescriptive |
释义 | prescriptiveadj. 1. a. That prescribes or directs; giving definite, precise directions or instructions. In later use frequently spec.: that lays down rules of usage in language or grammar.In Linguistics, opposed to descriptive (see descriptive adj. 3b). See also normative grammar n. at normative adj. and n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > [adjective] > prescriptive prescriptive1610 prescriptivist1954 society > authority > command > command or bidding > [adjective] > ordaining, prescribing, or appointing decretala1610 decretive1609 prescriptive1610 decretorya1631 decernent1677 decretorial1778 1610 J. Gawen tr. L. Trelcatius Briefe Inst. Common Places Sacred Divinitie ii. xiv. 458 The Power of Order, is an authoritie of the Church, which is imployed partly about doctrine, and partly about constitutions, and lawes..: the one is commonly tearmed Doctrinall, or Prescriptiue [L. illa δογματικὴ]; the other Constitutiue, or Ordinate. 1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus iv. 56 He proposes the Laws of Government, as founded upon the Law of God, Nature, and Nations, to be prescriptive of all virtue, accumulated in the fear of God. 1734 Tit for Tat Epistle 8 That to good blood, by old prescriptive rules, Gives right hereditary to be fools. 1788 Trifler No. 10. 126 Prescriptive rules for the preservation of health. 1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. 1st Ser. vi. 92 Thus the spirit of the prescription may be still in force when the prescriptive authority is repealed. 1892 Nation (N.Y.) 25 Aug. 138/1 The spirit of trades unionism is essentially monopolistic and prescriptive. 1933 O. Jespersen Essent. Eng. Gram. i. 19 Of greater value, however, than this prescriptive grammar is a purely descriptive grammar. 1963 Eng. Jrnl. May 338/1 An accurate description of the language as it is actually used, kept simple by the relative absence of variants..will in itself serve prescriptive purposes. 1992 Times Educ. Suppl. 31 Jan. 2/5 He said the school was against a prescriptive curriculum; the timetable is decided by parents, children and teachers. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [adjective] > ordaining, prescribing, or appointing > ordained, prescribed, or appointed setc1050 assignedc1374 ordaineda1382 peremptor1397 prescriptc1460 constitute1483 prescribedc1503 assigneea1513 stinteda1513 peremptory1513 pointed1523 appointed1535 state1581 statuted1606 stated1644 instituted1647 constituted1651 indictive1656 indicteda1706 issued1760 prescriptive1765 ordered1780 mandated1944 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xviii. 485 Directions are given for appointing a new officer, in case there be no election, or a void one, made upon the charter or prescriptive day. c. Philosophy. Having or implying an imperative force. Also occasionally as noun. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [adjective] > of other theories, etc. Shaftesburian1752 non-inductive1844 inductive1861 imperativist1921 Weberian1925 factualist1933 situationalist1942 prescriptive1946 cognitivist1952 prescriptivist1954 1946 Jrnl. Philos. 43 35 The issue is whether a definition shall be taken as prescriptive in empirical enquiry or used as a convenient tool constantly responsible to facts. A nominal definition is by definition prescriptive. 1961 I. L. Horowitz Philos., Sci. & Sociol. of Knowl. vii. 88 Whatever the ratio of descriptive and prescriptive elements in an ideology, it is clearly a different qualitative entity than either religion or science. 1963 R. M. Hare Freedom & Reason v. 72 If moral judgements were singular prescriptives.., there would be less difficulty. 1976 T. D. Perry Moral Reasoning & Truth 176 Every moral statement is prescriptive in the sense that it entails a certain imperative. 1988 T. L. S. Sprigge Rational Found. Ethics 81 My position will amount to thinking that there are intrinsically prescriptive features to reality. 2. Law. Derived from or based on prescription or lapse of time. Frequently in prescriptive right or title. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > [adjective] > founded on prescription prescript1652 prescriptive1688 1688 Acct. Late Proposals Archbishop of Canterbury in G. Burnet Coll. Papers 10 Upon the Restoration of Corporations to their Ancient Charters, and Burroughs to their Prescriptive Rights, He would Order Writs to be issued out for a fair and free Parliament. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. xxxii. 494 Lords of manors..who have to this day a prescriptive right to grant administration to their intestate tenants and suitors. 1782 E. Burke Speech Motion to reform Representation of Commons in Wks. (1812) X. 96 Our constitution is a prescriptive constitution; it is a constitution, whose sole authority is, that it has existed time out of mind. 1842 Sydney Morning Herald 1 Aug. 1/3 Have the Aboriginal Blacks such a prescriptive right to the soil of Australia as to have been extinguished by the occupancy of Europeans? 1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. v. 182 The ancient holiday, to which the scholars believed they had acquired a prescriptive title from immemorial usage. 1927 W. M. Gloag & R. C. Henderson Introd. Law Scotl. 132 A title may be fortified by prescriptive possession although the adverse right was a grant by the possessor himself or his predecessor in title. 1984 New Yorker 24 Dec. 33/2 There already existed, as access to the land, something known as prescriptive easement: a road to the house had been used by the people who lived there for years. 3. Arising from or recognized by long-standing custom or usage; prescribed by custom. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [adjective] > viewed as authoritative prescriptionary1727 prescriptive1765 statutory1822 sanctified1888 1765 S. Johnson Pref. to Shakespear's Plays p. vii The Poet, of whose works I have undertaken the revision, may now begin to assume the dignity of an ancient, and claim the privilege of established fame and prescriptive veneration. 1775 S. Johnson Let. 11 June (1992) II. 223 Unusual compliments to which there is no stated and prescriptive answer embarrass the feeble,..and disgust the wise. 1805 W. Roscoe Life Leo X II. 23 A work, which does not implicitly adopt prescriptive errors. 1887 T. Hardy Woodlanders III. vii. 141 That prescriptive comfort and relief to wanderers in woods—a distant light—broke at last upon her searching eyes. 1955 R. C. Hutchinson Stepmother xxii. 135 For her own mother..she had felt no more than a prescriptive affection. 1977 J. I. M. Stewart Madonna of Astrolabe x. 137 He wore the kind of dark suit which had lately superseded the black above and stripes below effect previously prescriptive in the City of London. ΚΠ 1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts 25 This venerable patriarchal job,..hoary with prescriptive years. 1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord in Wks. (1815) VIII. 48 The duke of Bedford will stand as long as prescriptive law endures. 5. Cultural Anthropology. Relating to or designating marriage or conjugal rights traditionally considered obligatory between persons in certain categories of relationship to each other within the tribe or kinship group. Cf. preferential adj. 1d. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > types of marriage custom or practice > [adjective] > marriage between relations > obligatory prescriptive1922 1922 A. A. Goldenweiser Early Civilization xii. 237 One of the domains in primitive society in which both prescriptive and proscriptive regulations abound is marriage. 1926 Amer. Anthropologist 28 385 A man of the Bantu Kavirondo has the prescriptive right to all the younger sisters of his wife as they come of age. 1961 E. Leach Rethinking Anthropol. iii. 54 Needham..claims to have demonstrated that a rule of prescriptive patrilineal cross-cousin marriage is an impossibility. 2001 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 60 1034 The Ninglang Nuosu are described as composed of four social strata, often translated as ‘castes’.., because as social categories they are thought to be inherited and hedged by prescriptive marriage rules. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1610 |
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