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单词 bending
释义

bendingn.1

/ˈbɛndɪŋ/
Etymology: < bend v.
1. Drawing tight with a string, tension. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [noun] > tautness > making taut
bendingc1440
screw1628
tightening1825
tautening1836
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 30 Bendynge of bowys, or oþer lyke, tencio.
2.
a. Curving, crooking, flexure; bowing, inclination, deflection.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > action or process
crookc1330
bowinga1398
bending1398
embowing1430
inflection1531
bent1567
curving1594
flexure1600
curbing1601
crooking1607
incurvation1608
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > bending down
stooping1398
inclining?a1425
bent1584
bending1597
bowing1617
deflection1665
society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [noun] > material for other specific purposes
screen cloth1603
wadding1627
heading1650
fusive1678
graving stuff1702
pounce1728
railing1740
retarder1753
seating1790
shelving1817
bending1823
shafting1825
wedging1825
rubber sheet1842
facing1843
piston packing1857
sheathing1859
screeding1864
paint1875
sleeving1923
landfill1969
presoak1969
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) viii. xxx. 342 And yf the sonne beme..metyth wyth a body that puttyth and smytyth the lyghte ayenwarde, suche a smytynge and puttynge is callyd bendynge of the beme.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. iii. 72 Thus long haue we stoode, To watch the feareful bending of thy knee. View more context for this quotation
1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. ix. 117 Rent in sunder with trees returning from their violent bendings.
1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 19 To prevent the sinking and bending of their Walls.
1712 E. Budgell Spectator No. 277. ¶17 The various Leanings and Bendings of the Head.
1823 C. Lamb South-sea House in Elia 7 That gentle bending of the body forwards.
figurative.1615 W. Hull Mirrour of Majestie 47 Prayer is a deuout bending of the minde to God.
b. spec. The curvature of a beam. So bending moment, the moment tending to produce curvature in a beam; bending stress, the stress that causes curvature in a bar, beam, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > moment > specific
bending moment1858
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [noun] > other specific types of stress
shear1850
shear strain1856
bending stress1858
proof strain1858
proof stress1862
shearing stress1869
shear stress1872
water stress1895
slip1900
fibre stress1905
hoop stress1909
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [noun] > alteration of form or dimensions caused by stress > alteration of form > specific
bending1888
1858 W. J. M. Rankine Man. Appl. Mech. 308 This is called the bending moment or moment of flexure of the beam at the vertical section in question.
1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 290/1 The moment of this couple must be equal to the moment of the couple tending to bend the beam at this section, or to what is called the bending moment.
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 604/1 The strain produced by bending stress in a bar or beam.
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Bending, or Flexure, the curvature of a beam about its axis or central plane.
1961 C. C. T. Baker Dict. Math. 29 The bending moment at any section of a beam is the couple which one part of a beam exerts on the other part at that section.
3. The place or part where such curving occurs; a curve, angle, corner; a bend; the spring of an arch or vault.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > a curve > curved part
crooka1398
bowing1519
bending?1523
roundinga1582
bent1587
bendc1600
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxiiiv Aselander is in the bendyng of the legge behynd.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 626 Not far from Harwarden are the bendings of the River.
1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Jewish War v. iv, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 890 That wall..having its bending above the fountain.
4. Nautical. The fastening with a ‘bend’ or knot.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > [noun] > fastening with a knot
bending1627
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. vii. 30 To tie two ropes or Cables together is called bending.
1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer I. v. 161 The bending of the cable escaped my memory.
5. The contrivance for drawing up a crossbow; = bender n. 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > crossbow > device for bending crossbow
brakec1380
vicea1400
windas1443
tyllole1489
gaffle1497
rack1513
goat's footc1515
bending1530
crick1530
bender1684
garrot1824
moulinet1846
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 197/2 Bendyng for a crosbowe, bendage.
6. (See quot. 1816.)
ΚΠ
1816 C. James New Mil. Dict. 51/1 Bendings, in military and sea matters, are ropes, wood, &c. bent for several purposes.
7. The action or process of shaping wood, iron, or other material by pressure instead of by cutting or casting. Chiefly attributive and in other combinations: bending machine, bending rolls; bending cradle n. (see quot. 1874). bending form n. a kind of bench anvil used in bending steam, gas, and water pipes. bending slab n. an iron floor upon which ships' frames are bent.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > for bending cold metal
swage1812
swedge1825
bending cradle1874
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > other specific machines > [noun]
reeler1598
driver1659
rubber1747
heading machine1795
bruiser1809
finisher1835
stripper1835
physionotype1836
rotary1836
tetraspaston1842
netting-machine1846
speeder1847
dresser1855
spacer1857
starcher1862
bronzing liquid, machine1865
finishing machine1869
grader1869
brain machine1872
peanut roaster1872
bending machine1874
screw-machine1876
tire-upsetting-machine1877
buncher?1881
flax-breaker1889
oscillator1889
fluoroscope1893
fluorometer1897
mucker1916
spray dryer1921
paver1926
teabagger1940
burster1950
icemaker1953
laminator1958
slipform (concrete) paver1958
extruder1959
Zamboni1965
manipulator1968
wave machine1968
pipelayer1969
walking machine1971
society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > rolling equipment > roller or set of
roll1410
breaking-down rollers1839
planishing roller1839
plate roll1861
stand1873
bending rolls1874
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > shipbuilding > tools and equipment
ram-line1664
set1794
poker1823
horning-tackle1850
planking clamp1862
stower1863
planking-screw1864
ram1867
bending slab1890
warrok-
1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 132 The ‘bending cradle’ is composed of a pair of stout iron vertical frames, between the bars of which transverse beams of iron, bent to the necessary curvature, are secured.
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 97/2 A French bending machine, for cart and wagon tires.
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Bending Rolls, heavy rollers of cast iron or steel set in strong standards, and used either for the straightening of crooked plates or for bending them into arcs of circles or into complete cylinders.
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Straightening machine,..a machine in which channel, angle, and bar iron are straightened or bent, in boiler and smiths' shops, by squeezing... Since it will bend as well as straighten it is also called a bending machine.
1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 60 The ‘bending-slab’—a pavement of square masses of iron,..large enough to take any frame required in the ship to be built.
8. Horse Riding. (See quot. 18911.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > special movements performed by trained horse > [noun] > zigzagging movement
bending1891
1891 J. M. Brown Polo in R. Weir et al. Riding (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 323 The ‘bending’ course is a capital institution, of which I believe the Earl of Harrington was the originator about eight years ago. Two lines of sticks should be set up 20 yards apart and parallel to each other. The sticks should be about 7 feet high and 8 yards apart... Then begin by cantering your pony up one side and down the other zigzagging between the posts.
1891 J. M. Brown Polo in R. Weir et al. Riding (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 323 I may here remark that this ‘bending’ competition is the most invaluable practical test of a really good polo pony.
1900 Daily News 16 Mar. 3/4 The bending competition, in which the considerations of pace, precision, riding, and ‘make’ [of a pony] are joined in equal importance.
1908 Animal Managem. (War Office) 153 The ‘bending’ lessons of the riding school.
1922 Times 20 June 7/2 Both [polo ponies] being particularly handy at turning and bending.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bendingn.2

Etymology: ? < bend n.2 + -ing suffix1.
Obsolete.
Decoration with ‘bends’ or stripes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > variegation > stripiness > [noun] > striping
barringc1386
bendingc1386
striping1731
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > stripes or bars
barc1385
barringc1386
bendingc1386
palingc1390
pale1415
candy stripe1875
broken line1937
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋343 Swandyng, palyng or bendyng, and semblable wast of cloth in vanite.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

bendingadj.

Etymology: < bend v. + -ing suffix2.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈbending.
That bends (in various senses of the verb); curving, curved, inclined, bowing; flexible, pliable, supple.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > pliableness > [adjective]
tougha700
lithyc1000
softc1330
weak?a1366
plianta1382
persha1398
plyinga1398
lithec1400
supplec1400
plicable?a1425
curvable?1440
lethec1440
scretec1440
pliablec1475
bowable1483
bowing1483
waldinc1485
supple1513
flexible1548
limber1565
lither1565
bending1567
osier1577
wiry1588
buxom1590
withy1598
suppliable1599
renderingc1600
fluxible1607
winding1609
bendable1611
flippant1622
flexive1629
flexile1633
maniable1633
compliant1667
flectible1705
limp1706
yieldy1757
complying1774
limberly1782
willowy1791
switchy1810
wandy1825
twistable1853
bendsome1861
whippy1867
swack1868
bendy1873
the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > [adjective]
hangingc1330
pendentc1425
beetled1509
bending1567
prependent1592
propendent1593
overwhelming1599
pendulous1608
impendent1611
incumbent1719
imminent1727
impending1730
beetling1744
pensilec1750
pending1756
superincumbent1785
shelvy1811
overbrowing1814
propensive1819
oversailing1833
beetle-browed1842
overhung1845
overhanging1860
overleaning1865
overreaching1890
cantilevered1910
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective] > bending down
bowingc1440
bending1567
declininga1616
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > [adjective] > bending
bending1567
the world > space > shape > curvature > [adjective]
crooked?c1225
roundc1300
ybentc1330
bentc1374
cambera1387
curvate?a1425
curve?a1425
curved?a1425
bowingc1440
crumped1480
bowed1483
bended1495
bowlanda1522
compass?1523
curbed?1541
compassed1551
compassing1576
curvated1598
orbed1598
curving1609
ridgill-backed1611
incurved1623
inflected1646
incurvate1647
curvous1661
incurvated1665
swayed1688
bending1697
circumflex1707
curval1730
sweeping1772
bendy1800
curvatureda1810
curvative1846
hooped1852
swept1903
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 109 With hir bending bodie.
1571 T. Norton & T. Sackville Gorboduc (1847) i. i. 104 Their yet greene bending wittes.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xv. 71 A cliffe whose high & bending head Lookes firmely in the confined deepe. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 48 Bending Osiers into Baskets weav'd.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 111 Some bending Valley. View more context for this quotation
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. iv. 555 To shape the Circle of the bending Wheel.
1810 R. Southey Curse of Kehama xv. 165 Behold her go..Along the bending sand.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
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n.11398n.2c1386adj.1567
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