preoperationaladj.

Brit.

/priːˌɒpəˈreɪʃn̩(ə)l/,

/priːˌɒpəˈreɪʃən(ə)l/, U.S.

/priˌɑpəˈreɪʃ(ə)nəl/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pre- prefix, operational adj.

Etymology: < pre- prefix + operational adj. In sense 2 after French préopératoire.

1. Prior to becoming operational; preceding an operation.

ΚΠ

1949 Accounting Rev. 24 61/1 The only refinements were..attempts..to defer certain groups of development expenses, such as surveying and other preoperational costs of new routes.

1967 Jrnl. Terramechanics 4 i. 19 After the standard pre-operational checkout..both engines were started.

2003 Washington Times 17 May a4/6 Those involved with executing the Riyadh attacks conducted extensive preoperational surveillance of the compounds selected.

2. Psychology. In Piaget's theory: relating to or designating a stage of a child's development (between the ages of about two and seven years) in which he or she is regarded as able to understand or foresee the effects of his or her actions only in an unsystematic and sometimes contradictory way. Cf. operation n. 9b, operational adj. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > logical mental activity > [adjective] > preceding operational thought

preoperational1951

1951 C. Gattegno & F.M. Hodgson tr. J. Piaget Play, Dreams & Imitation in Childhood vi. 160 The relationship which is assumed between the pathic attitude and the 'image' seems to us to be very characteristic of the intuitive and pre-operational thought [Fr. la pensée intuitive et préopératoire] peculiar to the egocentric mentality, which is proof against any objective or gnostic discipline.

1953 W. Mays & F. Whitehead tr. J. Piaget Logic & Psychol. ii. 12 Starting from the postulate that all logical problems arise in the first place from manipulations of objects, we can now say that this period is pre-operational.

1960 J. S. Bruner Process of Educ. iii. 34 In this so-called preoperational stage, the principal symbolic achievement is that the child learns how to represent the external world through symbols established by simple generalization; things are represented as equivalent in terms of sharing some common property.

1975 M. D. Smith Educ. Psychol. ii. 40 Pre-operational two to seven uses egocentric speech.

1991 Developmental Psychol. 27 277 Preoperational children working with peers in a variety of problem-solving contexts achieve higher levels of reasoning than do children working individually.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	preoperational
释义	preoperationaladj. Brit. /priːˌɒpəˈreɪʃn̩(ə)l/, /priːˌɒpəˈreɪʃən(ə)l/, U.S. /priˌɑpəˈreɪʃ(ə)nəl/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pre- prefix, operational adj. Etymology: < pre- prefix + operational adj. In sense 2 after French préopératoire. 1. Prior to becoming operational; preceding an operation. ΚΠ 1949 Accounting Rev. 24 61/1 The only refinements were..attempts..to defer certain groups of development expenses, such as surveying and other preoperational costs of new routes. 1967 Jrnl. Terramechanics 4 i. 19 After the standard pre-operational checkout..both engines were started. 2003 Washington Times 17 May a4/6 Those involved with executing the Riyadh attacks conducted extensive preoperational surveillance of the compounds selected. 2. Psychology. In Piaget's theory: relating to or designating a stage of a child's development (between the ages of about two and seven years) in which he or she is regarded as able to understand or foresee the effects of his or her actions only in an unsystematic and sometimes contradictory way. Cf. operation n. 9b, operational adj. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > logical mental activity > [adjective] > preceding operational thought preoperational1951 1951 C. Gattegno & F.M. Hodgson tr. J. Piaget Play, Dreams & Imitation in Childhood vi. 160 The relationship which is assumed between the pathic attitude and the 'image' seems to us to be very characteristic of the intuitive and pre-operational thought [Fr. la pensée intuitive et préopératoire] peculiar to the egocentric mentality, which is proof against any objective or gnostic discipline. 1953 W. Mays & F. Whitehead tr. J. Piaget Logic & Psychol. ii. 12 Starting from the postulate that all logical problems arise in the first place from manipulations of objects, we can now say that this period is pre-operational. 1960 J. S. Bruner Process of Educ. iii. 34 In this so-called preoperational stage, the principal symbolic achievement is that the child learns how to represent the external world through symbols established by simple generalization; things are represented as equivalent in terms of sharing some common property. 1975 M. D. Smith Educ. Psychol. ii. 40 Pre-operational two to seven uses egocentric speech. 1991 Developmental Psychol. 27 277 Preoperational children working with peers in a variety of problem-solving contexts achieve higher levels of reasoning than do children working individually. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1949
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