Pre-Raphaeliteadj.n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)priːˈraf(ɪ)əlʌɪt/, U.S.

/priˈrɑfiəˌlaɪt/,

/priˈræfiəˌlaɪt/

Forms: 1800s– prae-Raphaelite, 1800s– pre-Raffaelite, 1800s– Pre-Raphaelite.

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: pre- prefix, proper name Raphael , Raffaele , -ite suffix¹.

Etymology: < pre- prefix + Raphael (also Raffaele), English form of the forename of Raffaello Sanzio (see Pre-Raphael adj.) + -ite suffix¹. Compare later Raphaelite n.Slightly earlier currency is implied by the initialism PRB n. at P n. Initialisms. With sense A. 2 compare also quot. 1905 at sense A. 1a.

A. adj.

a. Of, belonging to, or characteristic of the Pre-Raphaelites, a group of 19th-cent. British painters who attempted to produce work in the manner prevalent before the time of the Italian artist Raphael (esp. before his later work and that of his followers). Also: of, belonging to, or characteristic of their principles or style.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [adjective] > Pre-Raphaelite

Pre-Raphael1850

Pre-Raphaelite1850

Pre-Raphaelitic1854

Pre-Raphaelitish1854

Pre-Raphaelistic1866

Pre-Raph1874

1850 Athenæum 27 Apr. 455 He [sc. W. H. Deverell]..has painted..heads and limbs with an appreciation of higher and better example than those which enthral the minds of his pre-Raphaelite brethren.

1851 J. Ruskin Let. 26 May in Times 30 May 8/6 The fault is far more in the other pictures of the Academy than in the pre-Raphaelite ones.

1873 P. G. Hamerton Thoughts about Art xiii. 184 The Pre-Raphaelite movement is understood to have combined two very distinct aims: first, the intellectual elevation of art by the choice of noble and original subjects, and, secondly, its technical advancement by a new and minute analysis of nature.

1905 W. H. Hunt Pre-Raphaelitism I. 101 In our final estimation this picture [sc. Raphael's Transfiguration] was a signal step in the decadence of Italian art. When we had advanced this opinion to other students, they, as a reductio ad absurdum, had said, ‘Then you are Pre-Raphaelite’. Referring to this as we worked side by side, Millais and I laughingly agreed that the designation must be accepted.

1935 R. H. Wilenski Mod. Movement in Art (ed. 2) 66 The Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood..started out with rigid resolves to be original romantic artists.

1974 J. Christian Pre-Raphaelites in Oxf. 27 Port Meadow has many pre-Raphaelite associations. Hunt would paint here... Only Ruskin said its beauty was spoilt for him by the sight of the nearby slums of Jericho.

1991 Jrnl. Hist. of Collections 3 279/2 To this false system Ruskin opposed Pre-Raphaelite truth in preferring to paint entirely from nature and only in the open air.

b. Of a woman or her dress, hair, etc.: reminiscent of or resembling a Pre-Raphaelite painting or subject.Characteristics regarded as typical of a pre-Raphaelite subject include thick, wavy auburn hair, pale skin, and long, loose dresses.

ΚΠ

1858 Times 21 June 9/3 As an actress, Madame Viardot is in many respects pre-Raphaelite.

1914 W. S. Blunt Griselda I. v. 267 Thy sweet pictorial robe, Pre-Raphaelite, Quaint in its tones and outré in design.

1938 C. Beaton Diary in Self Portrait with Friends (1979) vii. 61 In my day, beauties were poetic looking. They wore long, pre-Raphaelite tea gowns.

1954 E. Taylor Hester Lilly 1 The name—Hester Lilly—had suggested to her a goitrous, pre-Raphaelite frailty.

1999 Marie Claire Health & Beauty Sept. 42/2 Hairdresser Marc Lopez swept loose curls into an unstructured up-do, then a headful of pre-Raphaelite waves.

2. Existing or working before the time of the painter Raphael. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > Italian Renaissance or 14-16th century > [adjective] > period

Pre-Raphael1850

Pre-Raphaelite1855

post-Raphaelite1856

quattrocentist1873

1855 J. L. Motley Let. 18 Nov. in Corr. (1889) I. vi. 182 In these pre-Raphaelite productions Florence is very rich.

1882 W. Hamilton Aesthetic Movement 1 Enthusiastic in their admiration of early Italian art and the mediaeval Pre-Raphaelite painters.

B. n.

1. Any of the Pre-Raphaelite group of painters. In extended use: any artist working in such a style.Artists in this group included William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [noun] > Pre-Raphaelitism > artist

Pre-Raphaelite1850

Pre-Raph1975

1850 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 82/1 The mountebank proceedings of a small number of artists, who..are endeavouring to set up a school of their own. We allude to the pre-Raphaelites.

1875 A. Helps Ess. 107 The luxuriance and beauty of the water-weeds and of the bulrushes..would have given work to a pre-Raffaelite for a year.

1882 W. Hamilton Aesthetic Movement (ed. 3) 11 It pleased Mr. Buchanan, in his attack on the Pre-Raphaelites and Æsthetes, to stigmatise The Germ as an unwholesome publication.

1935 F. M. Ford Let. 11 Sept. (1965) 240 I am indeed usually called the last of the pre-Raffaelites.

1951 N. Pevsner Middlesex (Buildings of Eng.) 164 In the Lobby Virgilia, a white marble relief, 1871, by Woolner, who once had been a pre-Raphaelite.

1994 Trav. & Leisure Dec. 141/1 Wrightwick bears the imprint of the Pre-Raphaelites, artists who wanted to go back to what they saw as the purity of medieval painting before Raphael and the Renaissance.

†2. Any of the painters who preceded Raphael. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > Italian Renaissance or 14-16th century > [noun] > schools > artists of

Pre-Raphaelite1862

Umbrian1864

Sienese1888

1862 J. Skelton Nugæ Criticæ viii. 356 Fra Angelico da Fiesole..is almost the only one of the præ-Raphaelites, whom a man who does not believe in præ-Raphaelism can thoroughly relish.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pre-raphaelite
释义	Pre-Raphaeliteadj.n. Brit. /(ˌ)priːˈraf(ɪ)əlʌɪt/, U.S. /priˈrɑfiəˌlaɪt/, /priˈræfiəˌlaɪt/ Forms: 1800s– prae-Raphaelite, 1800s– pre-Raffaelite, 1800s– Pre-Raphaelite. Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: pre- prefix, proper name Raphael , Raffaele , -ite suffix¹. Etymology: < pre- prefix + Raphael (also Raffaele), English form of the forename of Raffaello Sanzio (see Pre-Raphael adj.) + -ite suffix¹. Compare later Raphaelite n.Slightly earlier currency is implied by the initialism PRB n. at P n. Initialisms. With sense A. 2 compare also quot. 1905 at sense A. 1a. A. adj. 1. a. Of, belonging to, or characteristic of the Pre-Raphaelites, a group of 19th-cent. British painters who attempted to produce work in the manner prevalent before the time of the Italian artist Raphael (esp. before his later work and that of his followers). Also: of, belonging to, or characteristic of their principles or style. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [adjective] > Pre-Raphaelite Pre-Raphael1850 Pre-Raphaelite1850 Pre-Raphaelitic1854 Pre-Raphaelitish1854 Pre-Raphaelistic1866 Pre-Raph1874 1850 Athenæum 27 Apr. 455 He [sc. W. H. Deverell]..has painted..heads and limbs with an appreciation of higher and better example than those which enthral the minds of his pre-Raphaelite brethren. 1851 J. Ruskin Let. 26 May in Times 30 May 8/6 The fault is far more in the other pictures of the Academy than in the pre-Raphaelite ones. 1873 P. G. Hamerton Thoughts about Art xiii. 184 The Pre-Raphaelite movement is understood to have combined two very distinct aims: first, the intellectual elevation of art by the choice of noble and original subjects, and, secondly, its technical advancement by a new and minute analysis of nature. 1905 W. H. Hunt Pre-Raphaelitism I. 101 In our final estimation this picture [sc. Raphael's Transfiguration] was a signal step in the decadence of Italian art. When we had advanced this opinion to other students, they, as a reductio ad absurdum, had said, ‘Then you are Pre-Raphaelite’. Referring to this as we worked side by side, Millais and I laughingly agreed that the designation must be accepted. 1935 R. H. Wilenski Mod. Movement in Art (ed. 2) 66 The Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood..started out with rigid resolves to be original romantic artists. 1974 J. Christian Pre-Raphaelites in Oxf. 27 Port Meadow has many pre-Raphaelite associations. Hunt would paint here... Only Ruskin said its beauty was spoilt for him by the sight of the nearby slums of Jericho. 1991 Jrnl. Hist. of Collections 3 279/2 To this false system Ruskin opposed Pre-Raphaelite truth in preferring to paint entirely from nature and only in the open air. b. Of a woman or her dress, hair, etc.: reminiscent of or resembling a Pre-Raphaelite painting or subject.Characteristics regarded as typical of a pre-Raphaelite subject include thick, wavy auburn hair, pale skin, and long, loose dresses. ΚΠ 1858 Times 21 June 9/3 As an actress, Madame Viardot is in many respects pre-Raphaelite. 1914 W. S. Blunt Griselda I. v. 267 Thy sweet pictorial robe, Pre-Raphaelite, Quaint in its tones and outré in design. 1938 C. Beaton Diary in Self Portrait with Friends (1979) vii. 61 In my day, beauties were poetic looking. They wore long, pre-Raphaelite tea gowns. 1954 E. Taylor Hester Lilly 1 The name—Hester Lilly—had suggested to her a goitrous, pre-Raphaelite frailty. 1999 Marie Claire Health & Beauty Sept. 42/2 Hairdresser Marc Lopez swept loose curls into an unstructured up-do, then a headful of pre-Raphaelite waves. 2. Existing or working before the time of the painter Raphael. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > Italian Renaissance or 14-16th century > [adjective] > period Pre-Raphael1850 Pre-Raphaelite1855 post-Raphaelite1856 quattrocentist1873 1855 J. L. Motley Let. 18 Nov. in Corr. (1889) I. vi. 182 In these pre-Raphaelite productions Florence is very rich. 1882 W. Hamilton Aesthetic Movement 1 Enthusiastic in their admiration of early Italian art and the mediaeval Pre-Raphaelite painters. B. n. 1. Any of the Pre-Raphaelite group of painters. In extended use: any artist working in such a style.Artists in this group included William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [noun] > Pre-Raphaelitism > artist Pre-Raphaelite1850 Pre-Raph1975 1850 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 82/1 The mountebank proceedings of a small number of artists, who..are endeavouring to set up a school of their own. We allude to the pre-Raphaelites. 1875 A. Helps Ess. 107 The luxuriance and beauty of the water-weeds and of the bulrushes..would have given work to a pre-Raffaelite for a year. 1882 W. Hamilton Aesthetic Movement (ed. 3) 11 It pleased Mr. Buchanan, in his attack on the Pre-Raphaelites and Æsthetes, to stigmatise The Germ as an unwholesome publication. 1935 F. M. Ford Let. 11 Sept. (1965) 240 I am indeed usually called the last of the pre-Raffaelites. 1951 N. Pevsner Middlesex (Buildings of Eng.) 164 In the Lobby Virgilia, a white marble relief, 1871, by Woolner, who once had been a pre-Raphaelite. 1994 Trav. & Leisure Dec. 141/1 Wrightwick bears the imprint of the Pre-Raphaelites, artists who wanted to go back to what they saw as the purity of medieval painting before Raphael and the Renaissance. †2. Any of the painters who preceded Raphael. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > Italian Renaissance or 14-16th century > [noun] > schools > artists of Pre-Raphaelite1862 Umbrian1864 Sienese1888 1862 J. Skelton Nugæ Criticæ viii. 356 Fra Angelico da Fiesole..is almost the only one of the præ-Raphaelites, whom a man who does not believe in præ-Raphaelism can thoroughly relish. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1850
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