presidev.

Brit.

/prᵻˈzʌɪd/, U.S.

/prəˈzaɪd/,

/priˈzaɪd/

Forms: late Middle English– preside, 1600s praeside, 1600s precide; Scottish pre-1700 preceid, pre-1700 preseid, pre-1700 1700s– preside.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French présider.

Etymology: < Middle French, French présider to govern or control (c1365), to have the seat of authority at an assembly, to act as chairman or president (1388), to direct, control (1545) < classical Latin praesidēre to exercise superintendence at official functions or ceremonies, to govern, control, to guard < prae- pre- prefix + sedēre to sit (see sedent adj.). Compare Old Occitan presidir (1400), Catalan presidir (second half of the 15th cent.), Spanish presidir (a1457), Portuguese presidir (15th cent.), Italian presiedere (a1375).

1. intransitive. To exercise authority or control over; to rule, govern. Also figurative: to reign supreme.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > be in control [verb (intransitive)] > preside

preside1490

society > authority > power > influence > have influence [verb (intransitive)] > have controlling or prevailing influence

wieldOE

reign1340

sway1586

govern?1592

preside1728

dominate1818

1490 W. Caxton Eneydos xix. sig. Evii Þou art of thire, come from the meane regyons of fenyce to enhabyte in libye..presently for to preside in hit forsakyng the swete grounde moder to thy byrth.

1616 B. Jonson Masque Ld. Hadington's Marriage in Wks. I. 941 Twelue sacred powers, That are præsiding at all nuptiall howers.

1675 J. Ogilby Britannia Introd. 3 One Alderman to each Ward, over which he Presides.

1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) i. 201 How comes it then to pass we see preside On both their brows an equal share of pride?

1754 J. Woolman Wks. (1840) 198 When self-love presides in our mind our opinions are biased in our own favour.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 279 In none of their meetings have they [sc. the Quakers] a President; as they believe Divine Wisdom alone ought to preside.

1823 T. De Quincey Lett. Young Man in London Mag. Feb. 192/1 The same ideal must have presided.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 14 Others presided over important departments of the civil administration.

1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 282 Some law must have presided over their formation.

1921 M. Cram in B. Williams O. Henry Prize Stories of 1921 (1922) 130 Unquestionably, Esther Levenson was his mistress, since she presided over his house in Cheyne Walk.

1966 C. Achebe Man of People i. 17 She presided over the entire trade in imported second-hand clothing.

1989 P. Lively Passing On ix. 118 He saw himself as a wise and benign deity, presiding over his kingdom.

a. intransitive. To occupy the seat of authority at an assembly or meeting; to act as chairman or president.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > of an assembly: hold a session [verb (intransitive)] > preside

moderate1581

preside1581

1581 P. Wiburn Checke or Reproofe M. Howlets Shreeching f. 48 The councell, holden at Rome vnder Iohn the 23. where one of your predecessours, a foule Madge howlet presided.

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. III. 152 Nor [do I] suspect the integritie of the Judges that præside there.

1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur vi. 168 None more fit in Council to preside, And in a Storm, the lab'ring State to guide.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 37 By his place, he presided in all Publick Councils.

1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. iii. 310 Remi himself presided.

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 104 Norfolk presided as lord high Steward.

1898 Daily News 29 Jan. 7/3 The Moravian Diet at Brünn... The Landmarshal, who was presiding, asked them to leave the Diet.

1946 Nature 21 Dec. 918/1 Dr. W. H. Taylor presided over a well-attended meeting.

1976 Daily Tel. 20 July 3/1 Judge Abdela, presiding at the Old Bailey trial..had failed to warn the jury of the ‘lurking danger’ in identification evidence.

2004 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) May 230/2 Libby had presided over a meeting..in which he laid out the case against Iraq.

b. intransitive. To sit at the head of the table.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > [verb (intransitive)] > sit at head of table

preside1709

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > feasting > feast [verb (intransitive)] > preside at feast

to begin the dais1297

to begin the boardc1405

to begin the board, daisc1405

preside1709

a1626 F. Bacon Let. to James I in Baconiana (1679) 48 Your Majesties Arm hath been over mine in Council, when you presided at the Table.]

1709 Tatler 16–18 Feb. 2/1 I frequented the Ordinary of the Black-horse in Holborn, where the Person that usually presided at the Table, was a rough old-fashioned Gentleman.

1798 M. Wollstonecraft Maria I. viii. 175 The young 'squire having taken his father's place, and allowing, for the present, his sister to preside at his table.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. v. 77 A little and dark personage..installed herself at the top of one table, while a more buxom lady presided at the other.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xxvii. 3 So Postumia, queen of healths presiding, Bids.

1900 ‘S. Grand’ Babs xxiv He led his guests into the dining-room..‘Will you preside, dear lady?’ he said.

1925 E. Waugh Let. Jan. (1980) 21 So far I have had nothing to do except preside at a sausage tea and say grace for it.

1986 ‘J. le Carré’ Perfect Spy ix. 233 Brotherhood had been promoted to head of the table, where he presided like an old grey bird glowering down on his prey.

†c. intransitive. To lead a procession, chase, etc.; to be first. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 236 In the rapid Course Alternate they preside, and justling push To guide the dubious Scent.

d. intransitive. To officiate at a religious ceremony; (Christian Church) to act as the celebrant at a Eucharist; to say mass (cf. president n. 2f). Frequently with at.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > mass > celebrate mass [verb (intransitive)]

massOE

celebrate1453

celeber1477

missificate1641

sacrifice1661

massifya1729

preside1841

1841 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Sept. 284 It was necessary that he should sacrifice at the shrine where he presided.

1850 Ladies' Repository Sept. 290/1 None ever left the communion table where he presided without deep solemnity of thought.

1912 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 32 154 The leader of the Tekmoreian Association..had to preside at a ritual meal.

1961 F. W. Dillistone & P. Hammond Liturgy & Archit. iii. 19 Except on the rare occasions when the bishop presided at the eucharist, the whole of the synaxis was read by the celebrant from the altar itself.

2002 Church Times 9 Aug. 9/1 A week of church-related events, the highlight of which was a huge outdoor mass presided at by the Pope.

3. transitive. To direct, control; to chair.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > preside over

govern1340

keep?a1475

oversit1587

overcall1654

preside1665

conduct1839

matronize1877

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 649 Some accusing the unskilfulness of those that were to preside the Naval Affairs.

1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. II. iii. vi. 119 A trial before a jury, presided by one of the twelve judges.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. iii. 103 He..sits there, since he must sit, presiding that Bureau of his.

1910 F. H. O'Donnell Hist. Irish Parl. Party II. xxvi. 351 Here are an average ten days of an average month, showing League meetings presided by Irish Catholic priests.

1967 Decision & Decision-makers in Mod. State (Unesco) 82 The council is presided by the President or the Vice-President.

1981 Eng. World-wide 2 i. 46 The court presided by X..found them guilty after a four-month trial.

2005 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 10 Nov. The Congress Steering Committee, presided by Sonia Gandhi and attended by the PM, adopted a resolution on Thursday.

†4. intransitive. To have greater weight or importance than; to preponderate. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > power > influence > have influence [verb (intransitive)] > have greater influence

overrule1578

preponder1599

overweigh1647

overbalance1659

preponderate1659

preside1718

1718 J. Fox Wanderer 12 These were no sooner in the Scales, but I perceiv'd that [scale] to preside, which held so unhappy a Part of the Female World.

5. intransitive to preside at the piano (also organ, harpsichord, etc.): to play the piano, etc., at a gathering; spec. to conduct or lead an orchestra or band while playing the specified instrument.In the 18th cent. the chief musician in a concert or opera commonly sat at a keyboard instrument with the score in front of him, but seems to have guided, not conducted, the orchestra. See also New Grove Dict. Music (1980) IV. 643.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing keyboard instrument > play keyboard instrument [verb (intransitive)]

to preside at the piano (also organ, harpsichord, etc.)1795

1795 Mystic Cottager Chamouny xx. 162 Lady Louisa presided at the grand piano forte, Lady Adela exquisitely touched her harp,..and Lord Edwin took his animating mellifluous flute.

1799 Chron. in Ann. Reg. (1801) 451/1 Preside is the word now applied—not to the leader of the band, but to some distinguished performer—as, ‘Mr. —— will preside at the harpsichord’. Dr. Johnson did not live long enough to insert this meaning of the word, or to inquire whether it had any.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxvi. 96 A professional gentleman, with a bluish nose and his face tied up for the benefit of a toothache presided at a jingling piano in a remote corner.

1893 Amer. Missionary July 229 The school marched across from the boarding-hall to the church, one of their number presiding at the organ.

1907 West Cumberld. Times 4 Dec. 2/6 The hymn ‘Rock of ages’ was then sung by the congregation, Mr. T. L—— presiding at the organ.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 314 Senhor Enrique Flor presided at the organ with his wellknown ability.

2003 Boston Herald (Nexis) 13 June e27 Music Director Jeffrey Brody..presided at the piano with his typically unbreakable gusto.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	preside
释义	presidev. Brit. /prᵻˈzʌɪd/, U.S. /prəˈzaɪd/, /priˈzaɪd/ Forms: late Middle English– preside, 1600s praeside, 1600s precide; Scottish pre-1700 preceid, pre-1700 preseid, pre-1700 1700s– preside. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French présider. Etymology: < Middle French, French présider to govern or control (c1365), to have the seat of authority at an assembly, to act as chairman or president (1388), to direct, control (1545) < classical Latin praesidēre to exercise superintendence at official functions or ceremonies, to govern, control, to guard < prae- pre- prefix + sedēre to sit (see sedent adj.). Compare Old Occitan presidir (1400), Catalan presidir (second half of the 15th cent.), Spanish presidir (a1457), Portuguese presidir (15th cent.), Italian presiedere (a1375). 1. intransitive. To exercise authority or control over; to rule, govern. Also figurative: to reign supreme. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > be in control [verb (intransitive)] > preside preside1490 society > authority > power > influence > have influence [verb (intransitive)] > have controlling or prevailing influence wieldOE reign1340 sway1586 govern?1592 preside1728 dominate1818 1490 W. Caxton Eneydos xix. sig. Evii Þou art of thire, come from the meane regyons of fenyce to enhabyte in libye..presently for to preside in hit forsakyng the swete grounde moder to thy byrth. 1616 B. Jonson Masque Ld. Hadington's Marriage in Wks. I. 941 Twelue sacred powers, That are præsiding at all nuptiall howers. 1675 J. Ogilby Britannia Introd. 3 One Alderman to each Ward, over which he Presides. 1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) i. 201 How comes it then to pass we see preside On both their brows an equal share of pride? 1754 J. Woolman Wks. (1840) 198 When self-love presides in our mind our opinions are biased in our own favour. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 279 In none of their meetings have they [sc. the Quakers] a President; as they believe Divine Wisdom alone ought to preside. 1823 T. De Quincey Lett. Young Man in London Mag. Feb. 192/1 The same ideal must have presided. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 14 Others presided over important departments of the civil administration. 1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 282 Some law must have presided over their formation. 1921 M. Cram in B. Williams O. Henry Prize Stories of 1921 (1922) 130 Unquestionably, Esther Levenson was his mistress, since she presided over his house in Cheyne Walk. 1966 C. Achebe Man of People i. 17 She presided over the entire trade in imported second-hand clothing. 1989 P. Lively Passing On ix. 118 He saw himself as a wise and benign deity, presiding over his kingdom. 2. a. intransitive. To occupy the seat of authority at an assembly or meeting; to act as chairman or president. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > of an assembly: hold a session [verb (intransitive)] > preside moderate1581 preside1581 1581 P. Wiburn Checke or Reproofe M. Howlets Shreeching f. 48 The councell, holden at Rome vnder Iohn the 23. where one of your predecessours, a foule Madge howlet presided. 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. III. 152 Nor [do I] suspect the integritie of the Judges that præside there. 1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur vi. 168 None more fit in Council to preside, And in a Storm, the lab'ring State to guide. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 37 By his place, he presided in all Publick Councils. 1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. iii. 310 Remi himself presided. 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 104 Norfolk presided as lord high Steward. 1898 Daily News 29 Jan. 7/3 The Moravian Diet at Brünn... The Landmarshal, who was presiding, asked them to leave the Diet. 1946 Nature 21 Dec. 918/1 Dr. W. H. Taylor presided over a well-attended meeting. 1976 Daily Tel. 20 July 3/1 Judge Abdela, presiding at the Old Bailey trial..had failed to warn the jury of the ‘lurking danger’ in identification evidence. 2004 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) May 230/2 Libby had presided over a meeting..in which he laid out the case against Iraq. b. intransitive. To sit at the head of the table. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > setting table > [verb (intransitive)] > sit at head of table preside1709 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > feasting > feast [verb (intransitive)] > preside at feast to begin the dais1297 to begin the boardc1405 to begin the board, daisc1405 preside1709 a1626 F. Bacon Let. to James I in Baconiana (1679) 48 Your Majesties Arm hath been over mine in Council, when you presided at the Table.] 1709 Tatler 16–18 Feb. 2/1 I frequented the Ordinary of the Black-horse in Holborn, where the Person that usually presided at the Table, was a rough old-fashioned Gentleman. 1798 M. Wollstonecraft Maria I. viii. 175 The young 'squire having taken his father's place, and allowing, for the present, his sister to preside at his table. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. v. 77 A little and dark personage..installed herself at the top of one table, while a more buxom lady presided at the other. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xxvii. 3 So Postumia, queen of healths presiding, Bids. 1900 ‘S. Grand’ Babs xxiv He led his guests into the dining-room..‘Will you preside, dear lady?’ he said. 1925 E. Waugh Let. Jan. (1980) 21 So far I have had nothing to do except preside at a sausage tea and say grace for it. 1986 ‘J. le Carré’ Perfect Spy ix. 233 Brotherhood had been promoted to head of the table, where he presided like an old grey bird glowering down on his prey. †c. intransitive. To lead a procession, chase, etc.; to be first. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 236 In the rapid Course Alternate they preside, and justling push To guide the dubious Scent. d. intransitive. To officiate at a religious ceremony; (Christian Church) to act as the celebrant at a Eucharist; to say mass (cf. president n. 2f). Frequently with at. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > mass > celebrate mass [verb (intransitive)] massOE celebrate1453 celeber1477 missificate1641 sacrifice1661 massifya1729 preside1841 1841 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Sept. 284 It was necessary that he should sacrifice at the shrine where he presided. 1850 Ladies' Repository Sept. 290/1 None ever left the communion table where he presided without deep solemnity of thought. 1912 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 32 154 The leader of the Tekmoreian Association..had to preside at a ritual meal. 1961 F. W. Dillistone & P. Hammond Liturgy & Archit. iii. 19 Except on the rare occasions when the bishop presided at the eucharist, the whole of the synaxis was read by the celebrant from the altar itself. 2002 Church Times 9 Aug. 9/1 A week of church-related events, the highlight of which was a huge outdoor mass presided at by the Pope. 3. transitive. To direct, control; to chair. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > preside over govern1340 keep?a1475 oversit1587 overcall1654 preside1665 conduct1839 matronize1877 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 649 Some accusing the unskilfulness of those that were to preside the Naval Affairs. 1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. II. iii. vi. 119 A trial before a jury, presided by one of the twelve judges. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. iii. 103 He..sits there, since he must sit, presiding that Bureau of his. 1910 F. H. O'Donnell Hist. Irish Parl. Party II. xxvi. 351 Here are an average ten days of an average month, showing League meetings presided by Irish Catholic priests. 1967 Decision & Decision-makers in Mod. State (Unesco) 82 The council is presided by the President or the Vice-President. 1981 Eng. World-wide 2 i. 46 The court presided by X..found them guilty after a four-month trial. 2005 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 10 Nov. The Congress Steering Committee, presided by Sonia Gandhi and attended by the PM, adopted a resolution on Thursday. †4. intransitive. To have greater weight or importance than; to preponderate. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > power > influence > have influence [verb (intransitive)] > have greater influence overrule1578 preponder1599 overweigh1647 overbalance1659 preponderate1659 preside1718 1718 J. Fox Wanderer 12 These were no sooner in the Scales, but I perceiv'd that [scale] to preside, which held so unhappy a Part of the Female World. 5. intransitive to preside at the piano (also organ, harpsichord, etc.): to play the piano, etc., at a gathering; spec. to conduct or lead an orchestra or band while playing the specified instrument.In the 18th cent. the chief musician in a concert or opera commonly sat at a keyboard instrument with the score in front of him, but seems to have guided, not conducted, the orchestra. See also New Grove Dict. Music (1980) IV. 643. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing keyboard instrument > play keyboard instrument [verb (intransitive)] to preside at the piano (also organ, harpsichord, etc.)1795 1795 Mystic Cottager Chamouny xx. 162 Lady Louisa presided at the grand piano forte, Lady Adela exquisitely touched her harp,..and Lord Edwin took his animating mellifluous flute. 1799 Chron. in Ann. Reg. (1801) 451/1 Preside is the word now applied—not to the leader of the band, but to some distinguished performer—as, ‘Mr. —— will preside at the harpsichord’. Dr. Johnson did not live long enough to insert this meaning of the word, or to inquire whether it had any. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxvi. 96 A professional gentleman, with a bluish nose and his face tied up for the benefit of a toothache presided at a jingling piano in a remote corner. 1893 Amer. Missionary July 229 The school marched across from the boarding-hall to the church, one of their number presiding at the organ. 1907 West Cumberld. Times 4 Dec. 2/6 The hymn ‘Rock of ages’ was then sung by the congregation, Mr. T. L—— presiding at the organ. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 314 Senhor Enrique Flor presided at the organ with his wellknown ability. 2003 Boston Herald (Nexis) 13 June e27 Music Director Jeffrey Brody..presided at the piano with his typically unbreakable gusto. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1490
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