accidien.

Brit.

/ˈaksᵻdi/, U.S.

/ˈæksədi/

Forms:

α. Middle English accedie, Middle English accidy, Middle English accidye, Middle English–1500s accydye, Middle English– accidie.

β. Middle English accide, Middle English accyde.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French accidie, accide.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman accidie (13th cent.), Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French accide (13th cent.; French accide , now archaic) < post-classical Latin accidia (8th cent. in a British source; also in an undated glossary; occasionally also as acidia and accedia ), alteration (see below) of acedia spiritual sloth, mental weariness (5th cent., as also as name of one of the deadly sins: see acedia n.). Compare accidia n., and later acedia n. and acedy n.The post-classical Latin form accidia probably results either from folk-etymological association with accidere (see accident n.) or from a Greek sound change, or may partly reflect both causes. The rare form acidia probably reflects the (folk-etymological) association with classical Latin acidus sour (see acid adj.) recorded by Caesarius of Heisterbach (13th cent.). In Middle English and early modern English the position of the main stress apparently varied between the first and second syllables.

Now chiefly archaic and literary.

Physical or mental slothfulness, esp. as a condition leading to listlessness and lack of interest in life; apathy, lethargy, torpor; (also) †an instance of this (obsolete).Regarded esp. in early use as characteristic of or equivalent to the ‘deadly sin’ of Sloth, and in Christian asceticism as a condition to which monks and hermits were particularly liable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [noun]

accidiaOE

accidie?c1225

lethargyc1380

faintness1398

lithernessc1425

listlesshedec1440

owlisthead1440

supinity1548

lustlessness1556

benumbedness1566

phlegm1578

apoplexy1589

acedia1607

torpor1607

drowsiness1611

torpidity1614

languishmentc1620

hebetude1621

acedy1623

inerty1623

supineness1640

listlessness1646

cadaveriety1651

inertitude1656

oscitation1656

torpulency1657

sopor1658

phlegmaticness1659

lethargicalness1664

torpidnessa1676

faineantisea1684

phlegmatism1688

vis inertiae1710

torpitude1713

moonery1764

donothingness1814

benumbment1817

inertia1821

languor1825

donothingism1839

Mondayishness1850

mooniness1852

mooning1857

fainéantisme1873

sog1874

Oblomovism1902

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 155 Þenne is hit scheomeles [read ȝemeles] under accidie. þet ich slauðe cleopede þe ne warneð oðer of his lure oðer of his biȝete.

c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) l. 121 (MED) Accedie is as sleuþes broþer, Wicke on and wicke oþer.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 539 (MED) To serve Accidie in his office, Ther is of Slowthe an other vice, Which cleped is Foryetelnesse.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. v. 366 (MED) And after al þis excesse he had an accidie, Þat he slepe saterday and sonday.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) vii. 102 A man that hath accydye or slouthe hath sorowe and angre the whyle that he knoweth that another man doth wel.

a1500 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Royal) in G. G. Perry Eng. Prose Treat. (1921) 23 (MED) Breke doune also..flesshely likynges, oþer in accidie or in bodili ease.

a1586 Lindsay MS f. 76^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Surmount Quha that will overcum & surmont accidie him behuffit that in his hart he haue strenth.

1649 J. Gaule Serm. Saints judging World 13 That's an humility or modesty reprehensible (both for dejectednesse, and pusillanimity, as also for accidie and sloathfulnesse) that shall lesse it self to Gods gifts and graces.

1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Accidie, sloth.

1858 A. J. Penny Afternoon of Unmarried Life xiv. 254 Will any one with the experience of middle age deny that there is much in every-day life calculated to produce accidie?

1891 F. Paget (title) The spirit of discipline..with an..essay concerning Accidie.

1936 H. G. Wells Anat. Frustration vi. 54 There is nothing before you but sloth and apathy, accidie, which is a lingering suicide.

1961 K. Amis Let. 9 Apr. (2000) 590 Vacation accidie is upon me. I'm supposed to be writing this perishing film-script—haven't touched it yet.

2006 Antigonish Rev. Summer 14 They knew their destiny but chose not to dwell on it, falling prey instead to a desperate, hopeless accidie.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	accidie
释义	accidien. Brit. /ˈaksᵻdi/, U.S. /ˈæksədi/ Forms: α. Middle English accedie, Middle English accidy, Middle English accidye, Middle English–1500s accydye, Middle English– accidie. β. Middle English accide, Middle English accyde. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French accidie, accide. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman accidie (13th cent.), Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French accide (13th cent.; French accide , now archaic) < post-classical Latin accidia (8th cent. in a British source; also in an undated glossary; occasionally also as acidia and accedia ), alteration (see below) of acedia spiritual sloth, mental weariness (5th cent., as also as name of one of the deadly sins: see acedia n.). Compare accidia n., and later acedia n. and acedy n.The post-classical Latin form accidia probably results either from folk-etymological association with accidere (see accident n.) or from a Greek sound change, or may partly reflect both causes. The rare form acidia probably reflects the (folk-etymological) association with classical Latin acidus sour (see acid adj.) recorded by Caesarius of Heisterbach (13th cent.). In Middle English and early modern English the position of the main stress apparently varied between the first and second syllables. Now chiefly archaic and literary. Physical or mental slothfulness, esp. as a condition leading to listlessness and lack of interest in life; apathy, lethargy, torpor; (also) †an instance of this (obsolete).Regarded esp. in early use as characteristic of or equivalent to the ‘deadly sin’ of Sloth, and in Christian asceticism as a condition to which monks and hermits were particularly liable. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [noun] accidiaOE accidie?c1225 lethargyc1380 faintness1398 lithernessc1425 listlesshedec1440 owlisthead1440 supinity1548 lustlessness1556 benumbedness1566 phlegm1578 apoplexy1589 acedia1607 torpor1607 drowsiness1611 torpidity1614 languishmentc1620 hebetude1621 acedy1623 inerty1623 supineness1640 listlessness1646 cadaveriety1651 inertitude1656 oscitation1656 torpulency1657 sopor1658 phlegmaticness1659 lethargicalness1664 torpidnessa1676 faineantisea1684 phlegmatism1688 vis inertiae1710 torpitude1713 moonery1764 donothingness1814 benumbment1817 inertia1821 languor1825 donothingism1839 Mondayishness1850 mooniness1852 mooning1857 fainéantisme1873 sog1874 Oblomovism1902 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 155 Þenne is hit scheomeles [read ȝemeles] under accidie. þet ich slauðe cleopede þe ne warneð oðer of his lure oðer of his biȝete. c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) l. 121 (MED) Accedie is as sleuþes broþer, Wicke on and wicke oþer. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 539 (MED) To serve Accidie in his office, Ther is of Slowthe an other vice, Which cleped is Foryetelnesse. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. v. 366 (MED) And after al þis excesse he had an accidie, Þat he slepe saterday and sonday. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) vii. 102 A man that hath accydye or slouthe hath sorowe and angre the whyle that he knoweth that another man doth wel. a1500 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Royal) in G. G. Perry Eng. Prose Treat. (1921) 23 (MED) Breke doune also..flesshely likynges, oþer in accidie or in bodili ease. a1586 Lindsay MS f. 76^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Surmount Quha that will overcum & surmont accidie him behuffit that in his hart he haue strenth. 1649 J. Gaule Serm. Saints judging World 13 That's an humility or modesty reprehensible (both for dejectednesse, and pusillanimity, as also for accidie and sloathfulnesse) that shall lesse it self to Gods gifts and graces. 1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Accidie, sloth. 1858 A. J. Penny Afternoon of Unmarried Life xiv. 254 Will any one with the experience of middle age deny that there is much in every-day life calculated to produce accidie? 1891 F. Paget (title) The spirit of discipline..with an..essay concerning Accidie. 1936 H. G. Wells Anat. Frustration vi. 54 There is nothing before you but sloth and apathy, accidie, which is a lingering suicide. 1961 K. Amis Let. 9 Apr. (2000) 590 Vacation accidie is upon me. I'm supposed to be writing this perishing film-script—haven't touched it yet. 2006 Antigonish Rev. Summer 14 They knew their destiny but chose not to dwell on it, falling prey instead to a desperate, hopeless accidie. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.?c1225
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