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单词 predicament
释义

predicamentn.

Brit. /prᵻˈdɪkəm(ə)nt/, U.S. /priˈdɪkəm(ə)nt/, /prəˈdɪkəm(ə)nt/
Forms: late Middle English– predicament, 1500s–1600s predicamente, 1600s–1700s praedicament.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French predicament; Latin praedicamentum.
Etymology: < Middle French predicament (c1245 in Old French in philosophical sense; 1266 in sense ‘quality, state, condition’; French prédicament ) and its etymon post-classical Latin praedicamentum each of the ten categories of Aristotle (4th cent., translating ancient Greek κατηγορία ), prediction (c400 in Augustine), declaration (6th cent.), preaching, sermon (9th cent.) < classical Latin praedicāre predicate v. + -mentum -ment suffix.
1. Logic and Metaphysics. A category; esp. each of the ten categories of Aristotle (see category n. 1a). Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > Aristotelianism > elements of
material cause1393
matterc1395
matter subjecta1398
predicamenta1425
quality?1537
first substance1551
predicable1551
property1551
proprium1551
transcendent1581
final cause1587
category1588
habit1588
ante-predicament?1596
postpredicament1599
entelechy1603
transumption1628
secondary1656
objective cause1668
transcendental1668
general substance1697
third man1801
thought-form1834
posterioristic universal1902
ousia1917
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > term of a proposition > [noun] > predicate
predicatec1450
predicament1579
categorem1588
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 195 Þese foolis moten lerne predicamentis and ten kyndis of þingis, and þanne þei moun se her foli.
c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 11 (MED) Þe book of Aristotle cleped his Cathegories, we clepe hem at þese dayes þe Predicamentis.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 1329 (MED) As for Vertu, he ys no creature Vnder the predicament conteynyd of quantyte; Wherfore hys destruccion longeth nat to the.
1579 W. Fulke Refut. Rastels Confut. in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 752 He remembreth what the Predicament Vbi meaneth.
1599 T. Blundeville Art of Logike i. xix. 42 They be Interpretations of certaine words more plainely expounded after the Predicaments.
1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick x. ix. 308 Heat is not the chief agent in breeding of Worms, which are in the prædicaments of substance, and heat is but an accident.
1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. Proem 4 Objective Ideas or real Beings, considered in Logic, are reduced by the Aristotelean..to Ten Categories or Predicaments.
1725 I. Watts Logick i. ii. 37 The famous ten Predicaments or Categories of Aristotle, on which there are endless Volumes of Discourses formed by several of his Followers.
1788 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic vi. §1. 135 The predicaments and predicables have a like title to our veneration as antiquities.
1801 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 99 Bringing x√−1 under the predicament of quantity.
1838 F. Haywood tr. I. Kant Critick Pure Reason i. ii. §x. 82 Let it be permitted to me to call these pure, but deduced understanding-conceptions, the Predicables of the pure understanding (as opposed to Predicaments).
1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic v. 116 Having determined the Second Intentions of Predicates, which are the Predicables, Aristotle attempted to carry the analysis of Judgments one step farther by determining their First Intentions, and was thus led to form his celebrated list of the ten Categories or Predicaments, [in which] he inquired how many and what particular things may be predicated of any Subject.
1936 Philos. Rev. 45 291 His [sc. Leibniz's] main objection to Aristotle's predicaments was that they were inadequately explanatory.
1992 B. P. Copenhaver & C. B. Schmitt Hist. Western Philos. III. iv. 217 Valla may be the only person ever denounced from the pulpit for having written against the ten predicaments.
2. A class of things about which a particular statement is made; = category n. 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class > to which a certain predication applies
predicament1548
category1678
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxlviijv We beyng called reasonable creatures, and in that predicament, compared and ioyned with Angelles.
?1576 A. Hall Let. touchyng Priuate Quarell sig. gv I..remayne with his enimies in one predicament for the conceyuing of his wantes, but differ in desire with them towardes him.
1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) v. 189 Likelinesse or vnlikelinesse are also relatives, and consequently belong to this same predicament.
1618 Ld. Sheffield in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 52 Wherof some scandall hath fallne upon me as conceived to bee in the same predicamente.
1680 J. Humfrey & S. Lobb Answer to Dr. Stillingfleet's Serm. 7 It must be acknowledg'd..That Re-ordination is an uncouth thing..; and put usually into the same predicament..with Re-baptization.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. ix. iii. 324 Irish Ladies of strict Virtue, and many Northern Lasses of the same Predicament . View more context for this quotation
1804 J. E. Smith Eng. Bot. XVIII. 1268 This plant is in the same predicament with Avena strigosa.
1845 W. Napier Conquest Scinde ii. i. 227 The Beloochs holding the forts were part of these bands; they belonged to the same predicament.
1874 R. Brown Man. Bot. iii. ix. 420 All the individuals of all the species of Hippeastrum are in the same predicament—viz., producing seed to the pollen of another species, though not to its own.
3. A circumstance, condition, or situation; a state of being; a state of affairs. In later use chiefly: a difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation or circumstance, esp. one which requires resolution.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > state of affairs or situation
thingeOE
stallc1000
estrec1300
farea1325
arrayc1386
casea1393
costa1400
state of thingsa1500
style?a1505
predicament1586
facta1617
posture1620
picture1661
situation1750
position1829
lie1850
posish1859
state of play1916
the form1934
score1938
sitch1954
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. K6v Supposing that..I should still haue found you in the same predicament, without alteration.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 27 This squadron standeth in such predicament, that any Gentleman..may serue as soldier in the same.
1624 J. Skinner True Relation Proc. against Eng. at Amboyna 17 [He] was sure he could expect no assistance from them, that were themselues in such a predicament.
1649 J. Lilburne Second Part of Englands New Chains in Leveller Tracts (1944) 180 But when they saw what a strange predicament they had brought themselves into..they had before manifested a greater obstinacy, then now they did a serious Repentance.
1696 P. Ayres Revengeful Mistress 24 Lest by some rash Word or indecent Gesture amongst their Priests, he run him into some ill Predicament, from whence he will not find it an easie matter to extricate himself.
1737 T. Stackhouse Miseries & Great Hardships Inferior Clergy & Plea for Rights 21 If receiving a Sum of Money..denominates us their Servants; then are all the Professions in the World under the same Predicament.
1788 A. Hamilton Federalist Papers lxxxiv. 345 It has been upon different occasions remarked, that the constitutions of several of the states are in a similar predicament.
1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xii. 233 His deep sense of the deceit which had been practised on him, and of the cruel predicament to which he was reduced.
1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xx. vii. 209 Werner finds himself suddenly in a most awkward predicament.
1882 E. O'Donovan Merv Oasis I. 325 Here was a predicament, inasmuch as I was in a desperate hurry.
1915 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Island v. 54 It wouldn't have been the right thing for them to have seen a minister in such an undignified predicament.
1957 C. Middleton in tr. R. Walser Walk 10 Samuel Beckett, whose writings surely expose the very core of the modern predicament.
1985 O. Clark Diary 20 May (1998) 172 Phoned Henrietta and told her my predicament. ‘Something will turn up,’ she said.
2003 Atlantic Monthly Jan. 125/1 Public trust in corporations is low. There are two ways out of this predicament.
4. = predication n. 1a. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > preaching > [noun]
bodingc1000
preachinga1300
sermoninga1300
predicationa1325
preachmentc1330
prophesyingc1520
pulpitingc1540
doctrine1560
prophesying1574
prophecy1577
desk1581
pulpitry1606
predicancy1627
prophecy1631
sermonizing1635
pulpitizing1651
predicament1765
preachery1828
sermonology1854
parsonizing1864
kerygma1889
1765 Mumbo Chumbo 12 To 'stablish you in this, it is the Drift Of Solomon's most wise Predicament.

Derivatives

predicamentist n. humorous Obsolete a person who is in a predicament.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1827 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 21 895 Of the three classes of Predicamentists, the fiercest are the Plucked.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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