premiumn.adj.

1661 T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 2) Premium,... Among Merchants it is used for that sum of money..which the Ensured gives the Ensurer for ensuring the safe return of any Ship or Merchandize.

1681 London Gaz. No. 1668/4 The Insurers will oblige Themselves..to accept of a Surrender, and repay their Premium, only deducting a Proportion for the time Insured.

1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 262 The conditions of insurance are 2s. per cent. premium.

1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage xxxiv. 480 The premium that might be demanded at Lloyd's.

1907 Westm. Gaz. 16 Jan. 8/1 This seemed to him to sufficiently define ‘the premiums of the company’,..the periodical sums required to be paid in respect of policies issued by the company in order to maintain such policies against the company.

1937 M. Newcomer in C. Shoup Stud. Current Tax Probl. 16 The annual burden of the estate and inheritance taxes has been taken to be the amount of the premium for life insurance sufficient to cover these taxes at death.

1970 Times 5 Dec. 9/3 If one is not accepted as a first class life, the most common procedure is for an insurance company to increase the premium.

2003 Which? Sept. 44/3 With whole-of-life policies, some of your monthly premium is invested in the stock market.

1669 T. Manley Usury 39 No man (say I) will be so mad as to lend at that premium.

1698 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 340 An account..what imprest money has been paid to Mr. Burton and Mr. Knight for premiums for advancing money, &c., since May 95.

1729 in New Jersey Archives XI. 183 Any Person importing Masts into Great Britain, to be intituled to the Bounty or Praemium, must produce a Certificate.

1735 J. Swift To Mr. Gay in Wks. II. 421 With Int'rest, and a Præmium paid beside, The Master's pressing Wants must be supply'd.

1748 H. Ellis Voy. Hudson's-Bay 103 Besides the extraordinary Wages..given, Premiums were settled in Case of Success, proportionable to the Rank of all the Persons on board.

1760 G. Colman Polly Honeycombe i. ii. 16 I like the Omniums—and don't care how large a premium I give for them.

1823 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 25 Jan. 3/1 The amount of premium given for Box Tickets to see Mr. Mathews, since the determination of the managers to dispose of them by auction, considerably exceeds 1600 dollars.

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 19 Feb. (1954) III. 14 There was a house after my own heart at Mortlake..but it turned out to have a premium affixed to the lease, which made it too expensive.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 649 A captain is..sure to get their passage money and a premium for them.

1924 A. Christie Poirot Investigates iii. 71 ‘We've got a flat—at last!.. It's dirt cheap. Eighty pounds a year!’... ‘Big premium, I suppose?’

1937 Amer. Home Apr. 65/1 (advt.) You pay no premium for the extra quality built into the new G-E Triple-Thrift Refrigerator.

1966 New Statesman 21 Jan. 71/2 If railwaymen work genuinely longer or more difficult hours, and get overtime or shift premia in compensation, this is fair enough.

1990 Stamp Monthly Mar. 74/3 Postal administrations have discovered that collectors will pay a premium for a ‘limited’ issue, such as an error, or variety.

2003 Buses June 6/1 The aim will be to fill every seat on every departure by offering bargain basement fares at quiet times and charging a premium for the most popular journeys.

1717 I. Newton Let. 21 Sept. in Corr. (1976) VI. 416 At home they make their payments in Gold & will not pay in Silver without a premium.

1757 J. Harris Ess. Money & Coins 121 A country which oweth a ballance to another must pay a præmium upon all the bills.

1830 C. R. Prinsep tr. J.-B. Say Treat. Polit. Econ. (ed. 4) 217 Bills..drawn upon foreign countries, and, consequently, payable in coin of a more steady and intelligible value, are negotiated in the smaller state at a premium.

1962 P. Einzig Hist. Foreign Exchange 133 During 1695 the Dutch exchange rose to a premium of over 30 per cent, and it was generally expected that sterling would be devalued.

2002 G. Davies Hist. Money 108 Discounting the premium attached to the coin [sc. the solidus], a pound of gold was worth 2,120,000,000 denarii [in mid-fourth-century Egypt].

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xiv. 426 Sometimes very large sums are given with them [sc. apprentices], as a premium for such their instruction.

1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 119 He would have bound him to some shop in town, But with a premium he could not come down.

1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. vii. 58 To learn a profession, like that of an architect or engineer, it is requisite to pay a high premium, and become a pupil in a good office.

1880 J. Payn Confid. Agent iv. 20 I am not the man to pay three hundred pounds of premium in order that you may lie on your back and hold a tallow candle while another man is hammering nails into a ship's bottom.

1929 W. F. Neff Victorian Working Women 101 In many [book-binding] establishments the girl apprentices paid a premium for instruction.

1996 Oxf. Rev. Educ. 22 318 The definition of apprentice..was extended to everybody who entered an employment with a master to learn a trade..whether he paid a premium or became a wage-earner.

1861 G. J. Goschen Theory Foreign Exchanges 5 Though one system of coinage were adopted for all countries, claims on foreign countries would nevertheless vary in price, and would still be either at a premium or at a discount.

1933 B. Ellinger This Money Business x. 101 In normal times the difference between ‘spot’—i.e. the rate for immediate delivery—and ‘forward’ rates depends on the rates of interest in the respective countries, but in abnormal times merchants may find a growing premium or discount on the forward rate over the spot rate.

1957 Economist 21 Dec. 1076/2 If they could offset that reduction cheaply by larger purchases of forward rubber they might do so, but rubber three months forward commands a premium of about ½d. per lb.

1971 R. F. Pither Man. Foreign Exchange (ed. 7) x. 138 Forward rates of exchange are quoted as a ‘margin’ or ‘difference’ against the ‘spot’ rate of the currency concerned, or as a ‘premium’ or ‘discount’ on the ‘spot’ rate, or they may be quoted ‘outright’.

1989 Financial Times 11 Feb. 22/2 Shares in Mitsubishi Motors Corporation..jumped to a 70 per cent premium on the first day.

2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 9 Jan. iii. 30/1 He predicted that investors would be paying a premium for megacaps three to five years from now, so these stocks should outperform the market in the meantime.

1879 Nation 10 July 18/2 A religious paper has actually lately taken to giving revolvers as premiums for new subscribers.

1928 Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. 1956/3 Premium,..any object offered free to those who purchase goods to a certain value, as a set of books given free as an inducement to subscribe to a magazine.

1930 D. B. Lucas & C. E. Benson Psychol. for Advertisers xii. 204 $1,502,000,000 is spent annually on advertising. This is divided as follows: Newspapers..$690,000,000..Premiums, programs and directories..25,000,000.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VIII. 191/1 Until the 1900s the most popular premiums were pictures and trade cards.., which were collected and exchanged by enthusiastic consumers whose collections became quite valuable.

1989 Promotions & Incentives Sept. 24/2 (caption) Nabisco Brands netted two IMRA awards for separate..doll and puppet offers on Blue Bonnet Margarine. In each case the premium was offered both free and for cash plus proofs of purchase.

1856 Godey's Lady's Bk. Apr. 333/1 Front seats must have been at premium prices in 1831.

1911 Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) 22 Sept. (advt.) Also Barler's Premium Oil Heater with brass fount at $4.75 each.

1937 Life 26 July 65/3 (advt.) You can get for your trucks the same tire that is making good on hundreds of logging operations... And you don't have to pay a premium price for it.

1970 Daily Tel. 30 Jan. 19/1 All supersonic travellers would fly ‘premium class’ at a slightly lower rate than that paid at present by first-class passengers, but with the same comfort.

1990 Convenience Store 16 Mar. 30/3 The price will be premium (99p for the two litre, for example) and the target market is mothers with young children.

2003 Los Angeles Times 17 Sept. f1 The recent growth in premium wineries..led some cork producers to speed up production.

1849 Times 13 Nov. 5/5 The total premium amount paid out of the company's fund for the purchase was 15,430l, for which the directors took credit in their account.

1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 249 The mine rose in value to the premium amount of £24,000 in a few days.

1973 Times 8 May 22/4 Practically all the bogus business was sold to reinsurers, who paid roughly 180 per cent of the premium amount to acquire blocks of policies.

1846 Times 8 Jan. 4/5 The directors and provisional committee would have posted themselves for their hundreds each of the premium bearing shares.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 29 Aug. 2/2 The Panama and Congo premium-bearing loans are two of the most scandalous pieces of finance which Europe has ever witnessed.

1999 Internat. Tax Rev. (Nexis) Sept. 73 The arrangements will apply to all interest bearing, discounted and premium bearing securities.

1895 Daily News 4 Feb. 5/7 What an incubus the pampered and premium-fed merchant navy is upon national finances.

1940 Times 9 Oct. 5/4 It would, of course, be foolish to waste the premium-fed fund on rebuilding homes now which might well be destroyed again before the end of the war.

1830 Times 18 May 3/2 A motion..for the purpose of so amending the orders of the House, as to put an end to ‘fictitious and gambling subscriptions by premium hunters’.

1899 Westm. Gaz. 8 June 8/1 A sign that many premium-hunters will be left out in the cold.

1980 Econ. Hist. Rev. 33 7 ‘Stags’ (premium hunters) were active in the early stages of French railway issues when they reached London in the mid-'forties.

1889 Scribner's Mag. June 706/1 Let us look further into the profits of these associations, which premium-paying borrowers share.

1948 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Soc. 43 413 Very early in the insurance business it was found more practical to sell insurance on a level annual premium basis during the premium-paying period.

1981 Canad. Jrnl. Econ. 14 714 In any year each retiree's pension payment is just the product of the pension premium and the ratio of the number of premium-paying people to the number of retirees.

1947 Wall St. Jrnl. 10 Dec. 1/6 There is every indication that we haven't seen anything as far as contest and premium promotion are concerned.

1980 Jrnl. Consumer Res. 6 415/2 72 children ranging in age from five to twelve years were exposed to one of two commercials: one with a premium promotion and the other without.

1966 Lebende Sprachen 11 109/1 Premium selling, offering an item with the purchase of another product, either free or for a nominal additional payment, as an inducement to buy the product.

1972 Jrnl. Industr. Econ. 20 269 ‘Below-the-line’ expenditure includes such items as premium selling, game promotions, incentive schemes, etc.

2005 Main Wire (Nexis) 14 Oct. Sources reported heavy premium selling in the December near-the-money puts.

1879 Helena (Montana) Independent 28 Aug. It seems as natural to meet Mr. Hayes at a fair as it does the premium bull or the two-headed calf.

1894 Times 30 Jan. 3/2 The conditions are that each premium bull shall serve, during the season of 1894, not less than 30 cows in the case of yearling bulls, or 50 cows in the case of two or three year old bulls.

1974 R. Jeffries Mistakenly in Mallorca i. 5 He'd..moved on to worry about a cow that was calving to a premium bull and was overdue.

2000 Farming News (Nexis) 21 Jan. 11 I urge pedigree breeders to only sell premium bulls, and send second- class bulls to the abattoir.

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xiii. 168 ‘I am, sir,’ said Mr. Tigg..‘a premium tulip, of a very different growth and cultivation.’

2003 PR Newswire (Nexis) 28 Oct. The..bouquet is comprised of 15 premium tulips matched with 15..Irises, both approximately 14 inches tall.

1883 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 14 Sept. Below we give the premium winners for stock.

1965 Times 5 Mar. 17/3 Premium winners and the districts allotted where known are given in brackets.

2003 Marshfield (Wisconsin) News (Nexis) 16 Oct. 2 c Checks will be issued to approximately 1,000 premium winners.

1871 Times 20 Nov. 10/3 I allude to the position of premium apprentices in the British merchant service.

1927 F. H. Shaw Knocking Around vi. 54 My greatest efforts of all should be expended in an endeavour to ameliorate the lot of that hard-lying ocean Ishmael, the premium apprentice.

1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Dec. 36/2 When I left school,..I put in a happy period as a premium apprentice at the Sentinel Waggon Works at Shrewsbury.

2004 Derby Evening Tel. (Nexis) 15 Mar. 12 My godfather's younger brother was a Rolls-Royce premium apprentice—and being of what used to be called ‘independent means’, an almost perpetual one, I suspect.

1902 Daily Chron. 17 Oct. 3/3 The premium bonus system, as provisionally agreed to, seems to Mr. Webb to be an admirable expedient.

1947 Econ. Hist. Rev. 17 44 This particular ‘evil’ was of course replaced by others in the general spread of payment by results at the close of the century, for example, by the practice of placing a worker ‘in debt’ if he failed to make his time-rate of wages on a job, and, in the opinion of some, by the Premium Bonus System.

1995 L. L. Downs Manufacturing Inequality 116 Those [women] employed on the premium bonus system saw their weekly earnings rise by at least 10s.

1905 Daily Chron. 30 Jan. 3/7 Parents and guardians often pay a premium to a Canadian farmer. But the best farmers will not take a premium boy.

1946 L. J. Smith Collective Bargaining ix. 136 Shall overtime worked on a holiday be paid for at a premium rate calculated on the basis of the holiday rate of pay?

1964 Oxf. Econ. Papers 16 280 A general decline in [railway] traffic is..likely to cause a transfer of former premium-rate traffic away from the larger firms.

1985 I. Bernstein Caring Soc. v. 119 A large minority of the codes prescribed a premium rate for overtime hours, more frequently time and a third but often time and a half.

1992 Independent 23 June 3/1 Consumers can now ask BT to bar any calls using these codes, whereas previously the call bar would have prevented them using any premium rate services.

2002 What Mobile Apr. 24/3 Be wary of companies using 90 numbers to deliver text message services as they may bill your phone at a premium rate.

1845 Lowell Offering 5 281 The ‘premium’ system has its modifying influence... Premiums are awarded to those overseers [in the weaving rooms] who accomplish most.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 5 Sept. 8/1 Brief descriptions were given of the working and general results of the premium system.

1992 D. A. Zonderman Aspirations & Anxieties 249 The pressure came, she said, not from the workers' quest for more money, but from the overseers' desire to earn bonuses under the premium system.

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 305 A breed of these premium'd bulls.

1927 Daily Express 5 July 5/5 The trade may also be entered as a premiumed apprentice or as a beginner at a nominal wage.

1985 Platt's Oilgram Price Rep. (Nexis) 14 Jan. 1 a Japanese importers should not buy premiumed spot cargoes, which could lead price zooms on overseas spot markets.

1796 S. T. Coleridge Let. to T. Poole in Lett. (1895) 189 He was too young and premiumless, and no one would take him.

1998 Financial News (Nexis) 3 Aug. Defined as a premiumless share-financed combination where both partners are of similar value and where control does not pass from one partner to the other, there have only been 32 such mergers [sc. of equals] since 1985.