Prakritn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈprɑːkrɪt/, U.S.

/ˈprɑˌkrɪt/

Forms: 1700s Pracort, 1700s–1800s Pracrit, 1700s– Prakrit, 1800s Pracrita, 1900s– Prakrita, 1900s– Prakrt.

Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit prākṛta.

Etymology: < Sanskrit prākṛta (adjective) original, natural, unrefined, vernacular, (noun) Prakrit.The Sanskrit word is used in opposition to saṃskṛta prepared, refined, polished (see Sanskrit n.). With Prakritic adj. at Derivatives compare post-classical Latin Pracriticus (1837 in a work title).

A. n.

Any of a group of ancient Indic languages or dialects of northern and central India which developed out of and existed alongside Sanskrit. Also: this group of languages regarded as a whole, Middle Indian; the vernacular counterpart to literary Sanskrit.Forms of Prakrit are attested in inscriptions from the 3rd cent. b.c. Maharashtri, as the nominal ancestor of modern Marathi, is an example of Prakrit; Pali is a form of Prakrit. Cf. Maharashtri n., Pali n.¹, Sanskrit n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > Sanskrit > Prakrit

Prakrit1766

Maharashtri1880

1766 J. Cleland Way to Things by Words 88 The Pracort is the vulgar language, so called in contradistinction to the Sanscort.

1788 W. H. Hall New Royal Encycl. I. at Alphabet The refined and religious language and characters of India are called Sungskrit, and the more vulgar mode of writing and expression Prakrit.

1789 W. Jones tr. Cálidás Sacontalá Pref. p. vii The men of rank and learning are represented speaking pure Sanscrit, and the women, Prácrit, which is little more than the language of the Bráhmens melted down by a delicate articulation to the softness of Italian.

1801 H. T. Colebrooke in Asiatick Researches 7 199 The Gods, &c. speak Sanscrĭta; benevolent genii, Prácrĭta; wicked demons, Paísáchí; and men of low tribes and the rest, Mágad'hí.

1853 Southern Q. Rev. Apr. 315 The Pali is older than the Prakrit, both being derivatives from the Sanscrit.

1880 A. F. R. Hoernle Compar. Gram. Gaudian Lang. p. xviii There are in reality only two varieties of Prákrit. One includes the Ṣaurasení and the (so-called) Maháráshṭrí.

1925 Bull. School Oriental Stud. 3 632 Though the Prakrit of these dramas is similar to that of Kālidāsa, that is not a point against their antiquity.

1968 W. S. Allen Vox Graeca i. 14 In relatively ancient times this receives support from transcriptions into Prakrit (Middle Indian) on coins of the Greek kings of Bactria and India.

1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 268/2 He erected stone inscriptions in the colloquial dialects of his time, the Prakrits.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or designating Prakrit, esp. as an ancient vernacular language existing alongside Sanskrit; (also) written in Prakrit.

ΚΠ

1786 Asiatic Misc. 2 502 Four unconnected Stanzas, in the Prácrit Language, which was anciently vernacular in India.

1837 C. P. Brown Sanscrit Prosody 19 The Pracrita metres do not fall within the scope of the present essay.

1861 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. iv. 138 We meet the same local dialects again in what are called the Prâkrit idioms, used in the later plays, in the sacred literature of the Jainas, and in a few poetical compositions.

1883 I. Taylor Alphabet II. 296 The inscriptions of Asoka are written in three local Pali or Prakrit dialects, evidently derived by long continued detrition from the Sanskrit of the Vedas.

1926 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 46 78 It seems to me that either a chāyā or a good vocabulary of the Prākrit passages ought to be given in all Western editions of Sanskrit dramas.

1946 Language 22 137 It [sc. tiga] shows a borrowing from a Prakrit dialect in which k between vowels had become g, but had not yet disappeared.

2002 Church Times 13 Dec. 28/1 The coins of the later Greek kings and their successors (200 BC–AD 127) were bilingual. This provided the key to deciphering Kharoshthi, a local script used for the Prakrit language.

Derivatives

Praˈkritic adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of Prakrit.

ΚΠ

1860 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 7 353 Their inability to stand as finals, the euphonic conversion of t and following ç into ch, the Prakritic origin of c and j from ty and dy, etc., are too powerful indications to be overlooked of their close kindred with our sounds.

1993 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 56 645/2 Her study of the nomenclature shows, however, that the original Pancatantra has the Prakritic term jambuka for ‘jackal’.

ˈPrakritized adj. showing features of Prakrit; adapted to Prakrit in form or sound.

ΚΠ

1881 R. Morris in Academy 27 Aug. 161/2 In Marâthî muramura = muttering, grumbling,..seems to be a prâkritised form of the Sanskrit murmura, which in Pâli would become muramura or mummura.

1998 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 118 471/1 While there can be little doubt that the Chinese translators often heard recitations of Indic texts that were heavily Prakritized..it is not as certain that they saw such texts.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prakrit
释义	Prakritn.adj. Brit. /ˈprɑːkrɪt/, U.S. /ˈprɑˌkrɪt/ Forms: 1700s Pracort, 1700s–1800s Pracrit, 1700s– Prakrit, 1800s Pracrita, 1900s– Prakrita, 1900s– Prakrt. Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit prākṛta. Etymology: < Sanskrit prākṛta (adjective) original, natural, unrefined, vernacular, (noun) Prakrit.The Sanskrit word is used in opposition to saṃskṛta prepared, refined, polished (see Sanskrit n.). With Prakritic adj. at Derivatives compare post-classical Latin Pracriticus (1837 in a work title). A. n. Any of a group of ancient Indic languages or dialects of northern and central India which developed out of and existed alongside Sanskrit. Also: this group of languages regarded as a whole, Middle Indian; the vernacular counterpart to literary Sanskrit.Forms of Prakrit are attested in inscriptions from the 3rd cent. b.c. Maharashtri, as the nominal ancestor of modern Marathi, is an example of Prakrit; Pali is a form of Prakrit. Cf. Maharashtri n., Pali n.¹, Sanskrit n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > Sanskrit > Prakrit Prakrit1766 Maharashtri1880 1766 J. Cleland Way to Things by Words 88 The Pracort is the vulgar language, so called in contradistinction to the Sanscort. 1788 W. H. Hall New Royal Encycl. I. at Alphabet The refined and religious language and characters of India are called Sungskrit, and the more vulgar mode of writing and expression Prakrit. 1789 W. Jones tr. Cálidás Sacontalá Pref. p. vii The men of rank and learning are represented speaking pure Sanscrit, and the women, Prácrit, which is little more than the language of the Bráhmens melted down by a delicate articulation to the softness of Italian. 1801 H. T. Colebrooke in Asiatick Researches 7 199 The Gods, &c. speak Sanscrĭta; benevolent genii, Prácrĭta; wicked demons, Paísáchí; and men of low tribes and the rest, Mágad'hí. 1853 Southern Q. Rev. Apr. 315 The Pali is older than the Prakrit, both being derivatives from the Sanscrit. 1880 A. F. R. Hoernle Compar. Gram. Gaudian Lang. p. xviii There are in reality only two varieties of Prákrit. One includes the Ṣaurasení and the (so-called) Maháráshṭrí. 1925 Bull. School Oriental Stud. 3 632 Though the Prakrit of these dramas is similar to that of Kālidāsa, that is not a point against their antiquity. 1968 W. S. Allen Vox Graeca i. 14 In relatively ancient times this receives support from transcriptions into Prakrit (Middle Indian) on coins of the Greek kings of Bactria and India. 1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 268/2 He erected stone inscriptions in the colloquial dialects of his time, the Prakrits. B. adj. Of, relating to, or designating Prakrit, esp. as an ancient vernacular language existing alongside Sanskrit; (also) written in Prakrit. ΚΠ 1786 Asiatic Misc. 2 502 Four unconnected Stanzas, in the Prácrit Language, which was anciently vernacular in India. 1837 C. P. Brown Sanscrit Prosody 19 The Pracrita metres do not fall within the scope of the present essay. 1861 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. iv. 138 We meet the same local dialects again in what are called the Prâkrit idioms, used in the later plays, in the sacred literature of the Jainas, and in a few poetical compositions. 1883 I. Taylor Alphabet II. 296 The inscriptions of Asoka are written in three local Pali or Prakrit dialects, evidently derived by long continued detrition from the Sanskrit of the Vedas. 1926 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 46 78 It seems to me that either a chāyā or a good vocabulary of the Prākrit passages ought to be given in all Western editions of Sanskrit dramas. 1946 Language 22 137 It [sc. tiga] shows a borrowing from a Prakrit dialect in which k between vowels had become g, but had not yet disappeared. 2002 Church Times 13 Dec. 28/1 The coins of the later Greek kings and their successors (200 BC–AD 127) were bilingual. This provided the key to deciphering Kharoshthi, a local script used for the Prakrit language. Derivatives Praˈkritic adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of Prakrit. ΚΠ 1860 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 7 353 Their inability to stand as finals, the euphonic conversion of t and following ç into ch, the Prakritic origin of c and j from ty and dy, etc., are too powerful indications to be overlooked of their close kindred with our sounds. 1993 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 56 645/2 Her study of the nomenclature shows, however, that the original Pancatantra has the Prakritic term jambuka for ‘jackal’. ˈPrakritized adj. showing features of Prakrit; adapted to Prakrit in form or sound. ΚΠ 1881 R. Morris in Academy 27 Aug. 161/2 In Marâthî muramura = muttering, grumbling,..seems to be a prâkritised form of the Sanskrit murmura, which in Pâli would become muramura or mummura. 1998 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 118 471/1 While there can be little doubt that the Chinese translators often heard recitations of Indic texts that were heavily Prakritized..it is not as certain that they saw such texts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1766
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