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单词 posture
释义

posturen.

Brit. /ˈpɒstʃə/, U.S. /ˈpɑstʃər/
Forms: 1500s– posture, 1700s poster; Scottish pre-1700 peoustewr, pre-1700 poister, pre-1700 poster, pre-1700 posteur, pre-1700 postore, pre-1700 postour, pre-1700 postoure, pre-1700 postur, pre-1700 poustare, pre-1700 poustaur, pre-1700 poustere, pre-1700 poustoure, pre-1700 powstoir, pre-1700 poystour, pre-1700 1700s– posture, pre-1700 1800s pouster, pre-1700 1800s– powster, 1800s– pooster (Orkney and Shetland), 1900s– postor, 1900s– puster (Shetland).
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French posture, posteure.
Etymology: < Middle French, French posture position of the body, manner in which a person bears himself or herself (1588 in Middle French; 1580 as posteure in figurative use) < Italian postura position of the body (a1313), variant of positura attitude, position of the body (a1320) < classical Latin positūra (see positure n.). Compare Catalan postura (1575), Spanish postura (1200), Portuguese postura (13th cent.). Compare slightly later positure n. N.E.D. (1907) gives the pronunciation as (pǫ·stiŭɹ) /ˈpɒstjʊə(r)/.
1.
a. The relative disposition of the various parts of something; esp. the position and carriage of the limbs or the body as a whole, often as indicating a particular quality, feeling, etc.; an attitude, a pose. Hence, more generally: the manner in which a person bears himself or herself; natural carriage or deportment.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > of living thing > of human figure > posture
attitude1668
posturea1711
pose1818
contrapposto1903
1580 T. N. tr. P. Mexía Pleasaunt Dialogue sig. D1 Any other meane affect, or alteration, which make exterior, & notorious chaunges in the cullor and posture of the face.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. iii f.10 In another table was Atalanta; the posture of whose lims was so liuelie expressed, that if the eyes were the only iudges,..one would haue sworne the very picture had runne.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 217 I shall see Some squeaking Cleopatra Boy my greatnesse I' th' posture of a Whore. View more context for this quotation
1664 J. Playford Brief Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 4) ii. 89 In the posture of your left hand observe this Rule.
a1711 T. Ken Serm. at Whitehall Passion Sunday in Prose Wks. (1838) 179 He draws her in three distinct postures, like a captive, like a penitent, like a conqueror.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. v. xi. 209 He threw himself into a Posture of Offence, and..attacked Jones. View more context for this quotation
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. i. 18 I stood..with my neck stretched out, in the posture of one that was listening to catch the glorious sounds.
1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 231 Restlessness, which caused a constant variation of posture.
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) xv. 150 The heroic man..threw himself into a paralytic attitude, confidently supposed by the two by-standers to have been intended as a posture of defence.
1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. v. 155 In burials of the Stone Age the corpse was either deposited in a sitting posture or burnt.
1916 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 35 347 Some day..one will discover a hominid of small stature, and almost erect posture.
1966 H. Moore On Sculpture 42 Its curious reclining posture attracted me—not lying on its side, but on its back with its head twisted around.
1997 Men's Health Sept. 102/1 Inactivity combined with a poor posture are the magic recipe for a dodgy back.
2003 Kindred Spirit Winter 21/1 She joins a ‘hot’ Bikram yoga class where students are put through demanding yoga postures in sauna-like temperatures.
b. figurative a stance, an attitude; esp. a military or political position (in relation to an issue, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > war > militarism > [noun] > attitude of readiness
posture1841
society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > [noun] > an attitude in international relations
posture1841
1841 Times 10 Mar. 4/3 Are we to teach Ministers, that, to..gain for themselves the credit of yielding, while they really encroach, they have only to assume an aggressive posture, and to propose, in the first instance, developments more rapid and more complete than they mean eventually to insist upon?
1951 Edwardsville (Illinois) Intelligencer 17 Aug. 4/1 Taft..appreciates the risk involved in cutting military aid while Russia still strikes an aggressive posture.
1967 R. D. Laing Polit. of Experience i. 36 One's posture or stance in relation to the act or process can become decisive from the point of view of madness or sanity.
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 1 May 16/3 DEA's mission is..to have foreign governments in a responsive posture.
1994 Times Lit. Suppl. 7 Jan. 12/2 It is when he attempts to push beyond amusement that his posture comes to seem hollow and contrived.
2005 Washington Times (Nexis) 2 Jan. b2 In recent months, it has been quietly ratcheting up an aggressive posture toward Taiwan.
c. Chiefly Zoology. A particular pose or stance adopted by a bird, mammal, etc., especially when intended as a specific signal to others; any of the poses used in a display.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [noun] > a pose
posture1912
1912 Times 9 July 4/3 When the cock is in display he depresses the wing feathers of the side nearest the hen and elevates the wing of the other side, at the same time expanding the tail and tipping it up... When in this posture he holds his head under the wing, thrusting it through a broken part of the feathers as if anxious to observe the effect that the display of his splendour had upon his partner.
1932 A. Huxley Brave New World xviii. 301 The Savage had retreated towards cover, and now, in the posture of an animal at bay, stood with his back to the wall of the lighthouse.
1953 N. Tinbergen Herring Gull's World ii. 7 Some of these movements and postures are not difficult even for the human observer to appreciate.
1962 Symp. Zool. Soc. No. 8. 71 A rat on the defensive in the upright posture does not look at its opponent.
2005 Bismarck (N. Dakota) Tribune (Nexis) 27 June It's easy to tell when they're angry... They will do a variety of postures to other birds encroaching on their territory... They'll raise their wings and..turn around and show their butt.
2.
a. The position of a thing (or person) relative to another; position, situation. In later use chiefly Scottish. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > [noun]
standing?c1400
situationa1484
setting?1523
disposition?1541
position1556
collocation1605
posture1605
standa1684
lie1697
lay1819
presentation1833
sit1857
gisement1864
orientation1875
the world > space > place > position or situation > [noun]
stallc1000
logh11..
settlea1340
placea1375
steada1387
sitea1398
assizec1400
position?a1425
estal1480
stound1557
planting1585
location1592
positure1600
posture1605
seat1607
situs1629
ubi1630
ubiety1645
locus1648
locality1656
topography1658
whereness1674
lie1697
spot1769
locus standi1809
possie1916
ubicity1922
the world > space > relative position > posture > [noun]
standing1540
gesture?1548
site1573
posture1605
positure1621
figure1658
pose1818
body mechanics1922
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ss4v In describing the fourmes of Vertue and Duty, with their situations and postures, in distributing them into their kinds, parts, Prouinces. View more context for this quotation
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine i. xi. 33 Three Provinces, whose number and posture we find in the Evangelists.
a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Angl. (1671) i. 63 He found..the Communion Table standing almost in the middest of the Quire, contrary to the posture of it in his Majesties Chappel.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 245 An imaginary..Earth: whose Posture to the Sun he supposes to have been much different.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. x. iv. 30 She placed her Chair in such a Posture, as almost to occupy the whole Fire.
1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) I. 44 None was found..to give intelligence of the forces, or posture of the enemy.
1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 54 The position of the arms..and the connecting rods..in one line will prevent the frame..from moving out of the posture it was brought into.
1880 W. T. Dennison Orcadian Sketch-bk. 14 Paetie pat his gun i the sam pouster at he saw Johnnie deuan.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 658 What significances attached to these two chairs? Significance of similitude, of posture.
1931 S. Leask Peculiar People 133 Sheu pat dem i' pooster i' twa raws in fae da door.
b. Military. A particular position of a weapon, or a method of wielding it, in drill or battle. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > drill or training > [noun] > weapon-training > manual exercise > position of weapon
posture1611
support arms1807
1611 W. Strachey Instruction of Marshall 22 June in For Colony of Virginea Britannia. Lawes Diuine, Morall & Martiall (1612) 42 Concerning the training, and cleanely exercising of their Armes, & their postures, the captains shall haue order and directions for the same vnder the Marshals hand.
1625 G. Markham Souldiers Accidence 24 The three Postures or words of Command, which are vsed for the Musquet in the face of the enemie..are these—1. Make readie. 2. Present. 3. Giue fire.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 262 He learned..how to handle the pike and musquet, and all postures belonging to them.
1702 J. H. Compl. Gentleman Soldier 24 Grasp your Musquet easily with your right Hand, then recovering Foot and Hand together, return to your foresaid Posture.
1788 F. Grose Mil. Antiq. II. 275 The words of command for this posture are as followeth; Sloape your pike. Unfasten your bow. Draw out your arrow. Nocke your arrow. Shoot wholly together.
3. A state of being; a condition or situation in relation to circumstances; spec. †a condition of armed readiness (obsolete).Frequently in posture of affairs (now rare; used esp. in the 19th cent.) and posture of defence (in recent use coloured by association with sense 1b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > state of affairs or situation
thingeOE
stallc1000
estrec1300
farea1325
arrayc1386
casea1393
costa1400
state of thingsa1500
style?a1505
predicament1586
facta1617
posture1620
picture1661
situation1750
position1829
lie1850
posish1859
state of play1916
the form1934
score1938
sitch1954
1620 H. Wotton Let. in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) II. 197 We stood thus in a posture of affairs..very favourable.
1642 Ld. Willoughby in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 676 I could not but give your Lordship an account in how good a Posture I found the Trained Bands of Lincoln.
1642 J. March Argument Militia 11 To put the Kingdome into a posture of warre.
?c1663 B. Whitelocke Diary (1990) 337 Wh[itelocke]..putt his servants in a posture of defence,..& gave orders that if any did breake into his house that they should not spare them.
1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea iv. 53 Orders came to repair and put it in a posture of Defence.
1730 N. Lardner Credibility Gospel Hist. (ed. 2) ii. i. 374 Would Antipater, so desirous of the crown, have gone away to Rome, as he did soon after this execution, and leave things in this posture?
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §275 Everything put into the best posture for receiving a storm.
1813 S. Cushing Let. 8 June in Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. (1932) 19 262 The first thing after we arrived here was to put ourselves in a posture of Defense, two large and two Small batterys.
1871 J. Ruskin Arrows of Chace (1880) I. 227 The present posture of affairs round Paris.
1935 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 40 837 The first is..a kind of tract, called forth by the present posture of affairs in the world at large.
1985 Xinhua News Agency (Nexis) 27 May It would do no good to anyone..if the 1982 posture of affairs were to be restored.
1997 Oakland (Calif.) Post (Nexis) 19 Nov. 4 This huge giant of a nation [sc. Russia] is inalterably determined to keep itself in a strong posture of defense.
4. figurative. A mental or spiritual attitude or condition.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > mental attitude, point of view > [noun]
spectaclec1386
reckoninga1393
view1573
sect1583
prospective1603
light1610
posture1642
point of view1701
stand1819
attitude of mind1832
psychology1834
standpoint1834
perspective1841–8
position1845
viewpoint1856
angle1860
way of looking at it1861
attitudea1873
pose1892
Anschauung1895
slant1905
1642 J. Taylor (title) An Apology for Private Preaching..whereunto is annexed..the Spirituall postures, alluding to that of Musket and Pike.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 3 Apr. (1974) VIII. 144 Therewith we broke up, all in a sad posture.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. vii. 228 [He] must..enter into his own Thoughts, and observe nicely the several Postures of his Mind in discoursing.
1755 B. Martin Mag. Arts & Sci. i. i. 5 (Not daring to appear in a Posture of Enquiry) they knew little or nothing of the true Nature of Things.
1866 H. P. Liddon Bampton Lect. (1875) i. 5 He [sc. Christ] insisted upon a certain morality and posture of the soul as proper to man's reception of this revelation.
1958 Kerrville (Texas) Times 28 Mar. 2/4 God has ordained prayer and confession of our sins as the means of obtaining forgiveness. There is no other posture of the soul that fits it to be the recipient of forgiveness, but that of prayer.
2003 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 Nov. t12 Rabbi Laibl Wolf..will speak about ‘Mind Yoga’, spiritual postures of the mind as taught by the ancient Kabbalah.

Compounds

posture book n. Obsolete rare. a drill-book (see sense 2b).
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > teaching aids > manual or book
posture book1631
gymnastics1646
tutor1665
drill-book1846
1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iii. ii. 38 in Wks. II Get him the posture booke, and's leaden men, To set vpon a table,..that hee may..shew her Finsbury battells.
posture girl n. now historical a female acrobat or contortionist (cf. posture-maker n.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > acrobatic performance > [noun] > acrobat > contortionist
posture-master1691
posture-maker1711
posture man1711
posture girl?1757
contortionist1859
distortionist1864
kinker1926
?1757 Mem. B—— Tracey 92 Amongst them Miss M— the famous Posture Girl.
1815 Sporting Mag. 46 267 Two..were dancerinas, or posture-girls.
1996 Jrnl. Hist. Sexuality 6 528 Plate 3 of Hogarth Rake's Progress features a posture girl about to perform on a big shiny plate with a candle as prop.
posture man n. Obsolete a male acrobat, a contortionist; = posture-maker n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > acrobatic performance > [noun] > acrobat > contortionist
posture-master1691
posture-maker1711
posture man1711
posture girl?1757
contortionist1859
distortionist1864
kinker1926
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 31. ¶1 In one..there was a Rary-Show; in another, a Ladder-dance; and in others a Posture-Man.
1847 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Apr. 376 We may be generally sure of his going through most of the bodily contortions of an ‘India Rubber Posture Man’ in a Circus ring.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

posturev.

Brit. /ˈpɒstʃə/, U.S. /ˈpɑstʃər/
Forms: 1600s– posture; English regional (southern) 1800s– pawstjur (Isle of Wight), 1800s– poster, 1800s– postur.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: posture n.
Etymology: < posture n. Compare earlier posturing n. N.E.D. (1907) gives the pronunciation as (pǫ·stiŭɹ) /ˈpɒstjʊə(r)/.
1. transitive. To place in position; to set. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)]
doeOE
layc950
seta1000
puta1225
dight1297
pilt?a1300
stow1362
stick1372
bestowc1374
affichea1382
posec1385
couchc1386
dressa1387
assize1393
yarkc1400
sita1425
place1442
colloque1490
siegea1500
stake1513
win1515
plat1529
collocate1548
campc1550
posit1645
posture1645
constitute1652
impose1681
sist1852
shove1902
spot1937
1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ v. xxiii. 28 As pointed Diamonds being sett, Cast greater lustre out of jet, Those peeces we esteem most rare, Which in night shadowes posturd are.
1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 41 They..have postured him in the place and condition he now stands.
1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants iv. iv. iv. 206 The Seed is postured in much a like manner, and looks just like a couple of poynted Leavs with a very long Stalk.
1707 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Reflexions upon Politeness of Manners 190 He spends all his Days in ranking and posturing his Books which he never reads, and cleansing the Dust from his Furniture.
1735 B. Martin Philos. Gram. iv. iv. 258 But the said Vessels spread more broad, and are postured in Lines from the Center,..then the Tree grows very thick.
2. transitive. To place in a particular attitude or pose; to dispose the body or limbs of (a person) in a particular way. Usually in passive. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > place into or assume a posture [verb (transitive)]
setc1460
compose1606
posture1656
posturize1715
pose1826
1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 44 Both sides are Dilemma'd, and stand postured like Lots Wife.
1716 Compend. Hist. Kings 228 Now Jehoiada has but one Work more to do, then the Reformation is compleat, and Judah is as well postured, as can be expected.
1765 J. Memis Midwife's Pocket Compan. ii. i. 43 When the child is otherwise unnaturally postured in the womb.
1820 J. Keats Hyperion: a Fragm. i, in Lamia & Other Poems 150 And still these two were postured motionless, Like natural sculpture in cathedral cavern.
1856 H. Melville Benito Cereno (rev. ed.) in Piazza Tales 203 Nor, as he saw the two thus postured, could he resist the vagary, that in the black he saw a headsman, and in the white, a man at the block.
1943 S. A. Larrabee Eng. Bards & Grecian Marbles xii. 280 These re-creations of the feeling of sculpture ranged from Byron's Zuleika postured as a younger Niobe to Shelley's hermaphrodites in The Witch of Atlas.
2002 Indianapolis Star (Nexis) 20 May 4 d As team pictures were taken in the garage, a jovial Mack flexed his muscles and postured himself in a strong stance.
3.
a. intransitive. To assume a particular posture; to pose, esp. for effect; to pose for an artist, photographer, etc. (now rare); to put the limbs or body in unusual positions or contortions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > assume or hold a posture [verb (intransitive)]
sustainc1425
fitchew1657
posture?1790
pose1850
?1790 [implied in: Advertisement By Permission of the Right Worshipful the Vice-Chancellor... This present Evening will be performed, In a Large Room at the Wrestlers Inn, Petty Cury, Cambridge, Act I. Hornpipe Dancing. Act II. Posturing and Tumbling. (at posturing n. 1)].
1844 G. Lippard Herbert Tracy i. iii. 35 Herbert..discovered a singular figure, bowing and posturing after a most curious fashion, at the distance of some twenty paces.
1876 H. James Roderick Hudson iii. 96 The poor girl who stood posturing at forty sous an hour.
1927 H. L. Mencken Let. 2 Dec. in H. L. Mencken & S. Haardt Mencken & Sara (1987) 356 I renew my respectful suggestion that you posture while you are on the Coast for one of the artists there resident. They really are capital photographers.
1950 W. Stegner Preacher & Slave i. iv. 42 Horsy and full of beans, John Alberg placed himself in McGibbeney's way and postured like a prize fighter.
1972 R. Allen Skinhead Escapes vii. 40 He postured above her with an obscene handling of his privates.
2001 J. Garwood Mercy xxv. 242 They were posturing like roosters getting ready for a fight.
b. intransitive. Chiefly Ornithology. Of a bird or other animal: to adopt a particular posture as a signal to others; to display.
ΚΠ
1865 C. Kingsley Hereward xxx, in Good Words Sept. 637/2 Laughing at the dottrel as they postured and anticked on the mole hills.
1911 Times 2 Dec. 7/1 Such species as peafowl, in which the brilliant cock is often seen posturing and displaying his splendours before the eyes of his mate.
1950 Chambers's Encycl. II. 329/1 Some ‘lek’ birds..gather at an arena where each male bird has a territory or ‘court’. Here they posture, feint at and spar with one another.
2005 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 12 Feb. c5 The males put on an amazing display, bowing and posturing to each other.
4. intransitive. figurative. To behave in an affected manner, or in a way intended to impress or mislead others; to adopt an attitude, etc., for effect; to take on an artificial or assumed role; to pose as.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > be affected or act affectedly [verb (intransitive)]
to make it goodlyc1325
bride?1533
affect1600
mimp1673
to give oneself airs1701
fal-lal1818
pose1840
posturize1850
attitudinize1864
primp1875
posture1877
lardy-dardy1887
to put (or pile) on lugs1889
la-di-da1901
profile1970
1877 J. Morley Crit. Misc. 2nd Ser. 149 He..after having postured and played tricks in face of the bursting deluge, and given the government the final impulse into the abyss of bankruptcy, was dismissed.
1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Aug. 4/1 Burning for an opportunity to posture as a supple statesman.
1889 Spectator 7 Dec. 803/1 Not inventing imaginary moral burdens for the conscience, such as the duty of always so posturing to our fellow-creatures as to set them what we suppose to be a good example.
1919 Times 11 Aug. 8/2 The German Emperor, in the heyday of his posturing as a patron of the arts, decided that Leoncavallo..should compose an opera, the theme of which should be the glorification of the Hohenzollerns.
1973 H. L. Nieburg Culture Storm xi. 210 The public senses that the ideological hair-splitters..are really pitchmen and schlock-dealers posturing as experts.
1991 P. Fussell BAD 95 American hotels..are now run by people posturing as our superiors, advisers on correct dress and deportment.

Derivatives

ˈpostured adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > [adjective]
postured1650
posed1831
1650 H. More Observ. in Enthusiasmus Triumphatus (1656) 129 Going on their heads, as if they were not inverted but rightly postured plants, or walking stipites.
1898 G. Meredith Odes French Hist. 22 What postured statutes barred his tread.
1969 R. Conquest New & Coll. Poems (1988) 101 Hysteria may intrude its postured ‘I’, Or calculation squeeze all affect dry.
2004 Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) (Nexis) e1 Layers of subliminal meaning and suggestion always belie every postured image and scripted word.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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