† posthumen.adj.

Forms: 1500s–1600s posthume, 1600s posthvme; Scottish pre-1700 posthome, pre-1700 posthume, pre-1700 posthwme, pre-1700 postum, pre-1700 postume.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French posthume; Latin posthumus.

Etymology: < Middle French posthume (French posthume , also postume (1636; now rare)) (adjective) (of a child) born after the death of the father (1488), (noun) posthumous child (1564; now obsolete) and their etymon post-classical Latin posthumus, adjective and noun (see posthumous adj. and n.; also in sense ‘subsequent, residual’ (1648 in the passages translated in quots. 1662¹ at sense B. 4, 1662² at sense B. 4)). The senses ‘(of a work) published after the death of the author’ and ‘happening after death’ are apparently not paralleled in French until later (1680 and first half of the 18th cent. respectively). With the adjective compare Catalan pòstum (1272 in sense B. 1), Spanish póstumo (early 16th cent. or earlier in sense B. 1; late 13th cent. or earlier as a personal name, rendering classical Latin Postumus ), Portuguese póstumo (1677 as †posthuma (feminine) in sense B. 2, in the phrase memoria posthuma ), Italian postumo (c1342 in sense B. 1, a1647 in sense B. 2, a1686 in sense B. 3). Compare also earlier posthumus adj.In Older Scots forms postum , postume after the classical Latin form postumus (see posthumous adj. and n.).

Obsolete.

A. n.

1. A posthumous child. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > posthumous child

posthume1569

posthumus1629

posthumousa1648

1569–70 in 6th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1877) App. 655/2 Tutrix datyue to her dowchtar youngar..and forther to the posthwme quhen sall God sall [sic] pleis.

1608 J. Sylvester in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. 207 Our deer Parent..Who..to thy guard his Posthvmes did bequeath.

1638 W. Sclater, Jr. in W. Sclater Serm. Experimentall To Rdr. They shew themselves in publike but as Posthumes, raised as it were out of almost eleven yeares of obscurity.

1692 in W. Macfarlane Geneal. Coll. (1900) (Sc. Hist. Soc.) II. 142 Sir Thomas Maule..Son to Sir Thomas the Posthume.

2. A posthumous work.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > [noun] > the writings of an author > posthumous

posthumus1604

posthume1631

1631 R. Skene in A. Craige's Rem. 3 This subsequent Poësie, the Posthumes of a worthie Penne.

1676 J. Beal in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 585 Sir Ken. Digby's Post-hume hath great varietie of Metheglins.

B. adj.

1. Born after the death of the father; = posthumous adj. 2. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > [adjective] > born > born after the death of its father

posthume1590

posthumial1605

posthumous1640

posthumate1684

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [adjective] > posthumous

after-bornOE

posthumusa1522

posthume1590

posthumial1605

posthumous1640

posthumate1684

1590 in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) III. 297 Togidder with the mariag of the bairnis posthume male or femall.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 185 Two births, two deathes, here Nature hath assign'd-her, Leauing a Post-hume dead-liue seed behind-her.

1659 H. L'Estrange Alliance Divine Offices 157 This posthume Apostle..came late into Christs Livery.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cumb. 221 Posthume Children born after the death of their Father.

1682 in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) II. 25 The expenses of funerals, mournings, entertainment of the family to the first term after the defunct's death, the relict's lying in, and baptism of a posthume child, are all privileged debts.

2. Happening, continuing, etc., after death; = posthumous adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [adjective] > before or after death

posthume1598

posthumous1608

posthumeda1661

after-death1680

post-mortuary1791

post-mortem1816

post-obit1822

post-obituary1822

pre-mortem1892

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. v. i. 55 Oh if my soule could see their Post-hume spight.

1690 R. Boyle Christian Virtuoso ii. 21 The posthume State of Man is so dim and uncertain, that we find even the greatest Men, among the Heathen, speak..doubtfully [of it].

1691 T. Heyrick Misc. Poems 35 To claim The whole World's Curses and a Posthume Fame.

3. Published after the death of the author; = posthumous adj. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > publishing > [adjective] > published after death of author

posthume1611

posthumary1652

posthumous1668

1611 in T. Coryate Crudities (2nd title page) In the Posterne..thou shalt find the Posthume Poems of the Authors Father.

1618 J. Harrington Epigrams Ep. Ded. This posthume book.

1659 (title) Posthume poems of Richard Lovelace.

4. Subsequent, residual. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [adjective] > succeeding or subsequent

followingOE

afterOE

nextOE

suinga1325

suant1422

succedentc1450

after-comingc1454

secondary1471

subsequent1472

succeeding1561

supervenient1565

subsequent1568

consequent1581

proceeding1592

ensuing1604

subsecutive1611

sequenta1616

insequentc1620

postliminious1625

sequel1632

postnate1638

supervening1640

descending1642

forward1643

postventional1645

yondersa1650

succrescent1653

pedissequous1657

subsequential1657

assequent1659

post-nated1659

posthume1662

posterious1672

survenient1677

succedent1688

postliminous1714

first1746

sequelled1805

postliminary1826

thereafter1830

descensive1882

akoluthic1889

1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike xxiv. 187 That the venal bloud..may be made wholly capable to be breathed thorow the pores, without a Post-hume or Future remembrance of a dreg [L. sine faecis memoria posthuma].

1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike xxxviii. 292 That post-hume and translated gouty character [L. posthumus ille translatusque..character podagricus] or impression, doth stick fast by a hereditary right.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	posthume
释义	† posthumen.adj. Forms: 1500s–1600s posthume, 1600s posthvme; Scottish pre-1700 posthome, pre-1700 posthume, pre-1700 posthwme, pre-1700 postum, pre-1700 postume. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French posthume; Latin posthumus. Etymology: < Middle French posthume (French posthume , also postume (1636; now rare)) (adjective) (of a child) born after the death of the father (1488), (noun) posthumous child (1564; now obsolete) and their etymon post-classical Latin posthumus, adjective and noun (see posthumous adj. and n.; also in sense ‘subsequent, residual’ (1648 in the passages translated in quots. 1662¹ at sense B. 4, 1662² at sense B. 4)). The senses ‘(of a work) published after the death of the author’ and ‘happening after death’ are apparently not paralleled in French until later (1680 and first half of the 18th cent. respectively). With the adjective compare Catalan pòstum (1272 in sense B. 1), Spanish póstumo (early 16th cent. or earlier in sense B. 1; late 13th cent. or earlier as a personal name, rendering classical Latin Postumus ), Portuguese póstumo (1677 as †posthuma (feminine) in sense B. 2, in the phrase memoria posthuma ), Italian postumo (c1342 in sense B. 1, a1647 in sense B. 2, a1686 in sense B. 3). Compare also earlier posthumus adj.In Older Scots forms postum , postume after the classical Latin form postumus (see posthumous adj. and n.). Obsolete. A. n. 1. A posthumous child. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > posthumous child posthume1569 posthumus1629 posthumousa1648 1569–70 in 6th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1877) App. 655/2 Tutrix datyue to her dowchtar youngar..and forther to the posthwme quhen sall God sall [sic] pleis. 1608 J. Sylvester in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. 207 Our deer Parent..Who..to thy guard his Posthvmes did bequeath. 1638 W. Sclater, Jr. in W. Sclater Serm. Experimentall To Rdr. They shew themselves in publike but as Posthumes, raised as it were out of almost eleven yeares of obscurity. 1692 in W. Macfarlane Geneal. Coll. (1900) (Sc. Hist. Soc.) II. 142 Sir Thomas Maule..Son to Sir Thomas the Posthume. 2. A posthumous work. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > [noun] > the writings of an author > posthumous posthumus1604 posthume1631 1631 R. Skene in A. Craige's Rem. 3 This subsequent Poësie, the Posthumes of a worthie Penne. 1676 J. Beal in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 585 Sir Ken. Digby's Post-hume hath great varietie of Metheglins. B. adj. 1. Born after the death of the father; = posthumous adj. 2. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > [adjective] > born > born after the death of its father posthume1590 posthumial1605 posthumous1640 posthumate1684 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [adjective] > posthumous after-bornOE posthumusa1522 posthume1590 posthumial1605 posthumous1640 posthumate1684 1590 in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) III. 297 Togidder with the mariag of the bairnis posthume male or femall. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 185 Two births, two deathes, here Nature hath assign'd-her, Leauing a Post-hume dead-liue seed behind-her. 1659 H. L'Estrange Alliance Divine Offices 157 This posthume Apostle..came late into Christs Livery. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cumb. 221 Posthume Children born after the death of their Father. 1682 in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) II. 25 The expenses of funerals, mournings, entertainment of the family to the first term after the defunct's death, the relict's lying in, and baptism of a posthume child, are all privileged debts. 2. Happening, continuing, etc., after death; = posthumous adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [adjective] > before or after death posthume1598 posthumous1608 posthumeda1661 after-death1680 post-mortuary1791 post-mortem1816 post-obit1822 post-obituary1822 pre-mortem1892 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. v. i. 55 Oh if my soule could see their Post-hume spight. 1690 R. Boyle Christian Virtuoso ii. 21 The posthume State of Man is so dim and uncertain, that we find even the greatest Men, among the Heathen, speak..doubtfully [of it]. 1691 T. Heyrick Misc. Poems 35 To claim The whole World's Curses and a Posthume Fame. 3. Published after the death of the author; = posthumous adj. 3. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > publishing > [adjective] > published after death of author posthume1611 posthumary1652 posthumous1668 1611 in T. Coryate Crudities (2nd title page) In the Posterne..thou shalt find the Posthume Poems of the Authors Father. 1618 J. Harrington Epigrams Ep. Ded. This posthume book. 1659 (title) Posthume poems of Richard Lovelace. 4. Subsequent, residual. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [adjective] > succeeding or subsequent followingOE afterOE nextOE suinga1325 suant1422 succedentc1450 after-comingc1454 secondary1471 subsequent1472 succeeding1561 supervenient1565 subsequent1568 consequent1581 proceeding1592 ensuing1604 subsecutive1611 sequenta1616 insequentc1620 postliminious1625 sequel1632 postnate1638 supervening1640 descending1642 forward1643 postventional1645 yondersa1650 succrescent1653 pedissequous1657 subsequential1657 assequent1659 post-nated1659 posthume1662 posterious1672 survenient1677 succedent1688 postliminous1714 first1746 sequelled1805 postliminary1826 thereafter1830 descensive1882 akoluthic1889 1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike xxiv. 187 That the venal bloud..may be made wholly capable to be breathed thorow the pores, without a Post-hume or Future remembrance of a dreg [L. sine faecis memoria posthuma]. 1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike xxxviii. 292 That post-hume and translated gouty character [L. posthumus ille translatusque..character podagricus] or impression, doth stick fast by a hereditary right. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.adj.1569
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