pourv.

Brit.

/pɔː/, U.S.

/pɔr/

Forms:

α. Middle English–1600s poure, Middle English– pour, late Middle English–1600s powre, 1500s powrd (past tense and past participle), 1500s ypowred (past participle, archaic); Scottish pre-1700 poure, pre-1700 powre, pre-1700 1700s powr, pre-1700 1700s– pour. c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) 2026 Þe lazer tok forþ his coupe of gold..Þer-in he pourd þat win so riche.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 5833 To þe watir of þe flum þou go, And poure [a1400 Vesp. put, Fairf. putte] of hit vpon þe lond.?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii. pr. v. 92 Thilke thynges that thow wolt thresten or powren [L. infuderis] into nature schulle ben unjoyeful to the.1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Sii/2 To Poure, fundere.1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xlii. 4 I powre out my soule in mee.1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum i. 107 Then powring the matter upon a cold Table.1712 A. Pope Messiah in Spectator No. 348 Ye Heav'ns! from high the dewy Nectar pour [rhyme show'r].1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) ii. 3 Where on her Curlls the Public pours..fragrant grains, and golden show'rs.1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 210 Winter invades the spring, and often pours A chilling flood on summer's drooping flowers.1781 J. Morison in Sc. Paraphr. xxxv. vi Through latest ages let it pour, In mem'ry of my dying hour.1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna v. xxix. 107 A mighty crowd, such as the wide land pours..like the rush of showers. [ ii. xlii. 6, x. xi. 5, etc. rhymes with more, gore, before.]1830 Ld. Tennyson Poet's Mind 12 Holy water will I pour Into every spicy flower. [In later poems pour'd rhymes with stored, oar'd.]1909 E. Banks Myst. Frances Farrington 54 Pour me some tea, dear, and tell me about your play.1986 U. Holden Tin Toys (1987) iii. 27 I heard the cups rattle, the tea pouring.

β. late Middle English porying (present participle), late Middle English–1500s pore. ▸ ?a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) v. 773 The Assiriens, to staunche his couetise, Pored in his throte, strangled hym with gold.a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 16 As a man may pore it out of þe bolle.a1500 Promptorium Parvulorum (King's Cambr.) 409 Poryn owt, effundo.1534 in J. C. Tingey Rec. City of Norwich (1910) II. 166 And a servaunt of the seid Gaillers perceyueng the same toke the pot from the boye and pored out the drynk in the strete.

γ. late Middle English pure; Scottish pre-1700 pure. c1440 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Linc. Cathedral 110) 872 And borwed him large botellis þre And in þe two his poyson purid [Add. 5140 poored] he.1591 MS Rec. Aberdeen II. 71 It procuris the wraith..of God to be pured on that citie and congregatioun quhair the same is committit.

δ. late Middle English–1500s poore, 1600s 1800s (U.S. regional)– poor; Scottish 1800s pooer, 1800s– poor, 1900s– poo'or (Orkney). c1485 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Add. 5140) 872 And borwed him large botelis thre And in tho too his poison poored [Linc. Cath. 110 purid] he.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 662/2 I poore drinke or lycoure in to a cuppe or vessell.1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xxxviii. sig. C4^v Thou..that poor'st into my verse, Thine owne sweet argument.1852 G. N. Jones Florida Plantation Rec. (1927) 73 It..Rained untill Night Just as Hard as it Could Poor.1898 J. R. Imray Sandy Todd 138 Fin I min' upon yon day ye cam' in wi' yer han' pooerin an' bleedin' frae the swine's hoose, I can hardly believe my ain een that ye're the same callant.1956 C. M. Costie Benjie's Bodle 171 Poo'or thoo on tae the shore, boy, an' say the doctor's comman.1998 in Dict. Amer Regional Eng. (2002) IV. 320/1 My aunt once told me about a woman of her acquaintance who would 'poor' water.

ε. 1500s– power (now English regional (Lincolnshire)), 1600s pouer; Scottish pre-1700 pouer, pre-1700 pover, pre-1700 power, pre-1700 powir. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour 161 in Wks. (1931) I. 203 Rychtso the auld Intoxicat Saturne, Persauyng Phebus powir, his beymes brycht, Abufe the erth than maid he no sudgeourne.1597 J. Lyly Woman in Moone ii. i. 25 High Ioue himselfe..Receiues more influence then he powers on thee.1662 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 615 We powered in vater.1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. 22 The Light the Great Maimonides had powered into this enquiry.1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. 197/2 It begun to power down wi' rain while we was in chech.1976 G. E. Campion Lincs. Dial. 50 Sit down an' I'll power us a cup o' tea.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from French. Etymon: French purer.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < Middle French (Normandy) purer to decant, pour out (a liquid) (first attested slightly later in this sense (late 14th cent.), but compare earlier senses ‘to squeeze (fruits or vegetables) in order to obtain pulp’ (1314 in Old French), ‘to winnow (grain)’ (1316); now widespread in regional use in modern French in senses ‘(intransitive, of a liquid) to drip, drop, ooze out, flow out, (of washed clothes) to dry by dripping’, ‘(transitive) to press, wring, or squeeze (juice or water) out of fruits, wet clothes, freshly made cheese, and similar materials’), spec. senses (apparently not paralleled in Anglo-Norman) of purer pure v.As historical spellings in Middle English and early modern English frequently admit of various interpretations, the variant forms have here been grouped on an orthographic basis, and not on the basis of the hypothetical underlying pronunciation. Pronunciations with a diphthong /aʊə/, showing the normal reflex of Middle English ū (diphthongization not usually being prevented before final r ), prevailed until the 19th cent., as evidenced by the usual rhyme of the word with e.g. shower , flower (compare the 18th and 19th cent. quots. for the α forms), and are still found in regional varieties (compare the ε and Scottish α forms). Pronunciations with either Middle English open or close ō or their reflexes are suggested by a number of the spellings, and there is also some evidence from other sources for such pronunciations in the early modern period (see further especially E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §165, 208–9). However, pronunciations with /ɔə/ (as in N.E.D. (1907)) (regularly becoming /ɔː/ in British English in the course of the 20th cent.) are not recorded with any frequency before the late 18th cent. With sense 7 compare classical Latin fundere , French fondre found v.³

Signification.

a. transitive. To cause or allow (a substance, esp. a liquid) to flow out of a vessel or receptacle; to emit in a stream; to discharge or shed copiously. Also: †to emit (rays of light) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)]

ayetOE

yetOE

hieldc1200

shed?c1225

pourc1330

peera1522

brew1581

swill1605

sile1787

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > make abundant [verb (transitive)] > pour abundantly

rineeOE

pourc1330

streama1425

gush1530

troll1573

flood1829

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously > in or as in a stream

runeOE

ayetOE

yetOE

hieldc1200

pourc1330

bleed1377

spouta1398

wella1398

outyeta1400

wellc1400

effundc1420

streama1425

shed1430

diffude?a1475

skail1513

peera1522

effuse1526

diffuse1541

flow1550

gusha1555

outpoura1560

brew1581

outwell1590

spend1602

spin1610

exfuse1612

guttera1618

effude1634

disembogue1641

profund1657

efflux1669

decant1742

profuse1771

sluice1859

the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of emitting copiously > emit copiously [verb (transitive)]

outyeta1400

effundc1420

shed1430

diffude?a1475

skail1513

effuse1526

diffuse1541

flow1550

outwell1590

spend1602

pour1604

exfuse1612

effude1634

profund1657

efflux1669

profuse1771

c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) 2026 (MED) Þe lazer tok forþ his coupe of gold..Þer-in he pourd þat win so riche.

c1390 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 872 He..borwed hym large botels thre, And in the two his poyson poured [v.rr. porid, poored] he.

c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 648 He poureth pesen upon the haches slidere.

a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 120 (MED) Powre þi suger þer-on as þin as it may renne.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Matt. xvi. 7 There came to him a woman having an alabaster box of precious ointment, and poured it on his head as he was at table.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies v. xxix. 418 Powring foorth many teares, with great repentance and sorrow.

1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 257 The remaining Matter..with the least heat may be pour'd out like a Liquor.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. i. 15 I took the Purse, and opening it, poured all the Gold into his Palm.

1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing II. iii. iii. 177 I poured the decoctions into glass cylinders.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 14 The sun had poured his last ray through the lofty windows.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xx. 138 A large wide valley into which both mountains pour their snows.

1923 E. Bowen Daffodils in Encounters 15 She counted out her money very carefully, pouring a little stream of coppers from her purse into the palm of her hand.

1988 G. Swift Out of this World 67 He poured the last of the champagne.

1997 C. Brookmyre Country of Blind (2001) x. 261 His aorta ruptured and he exsanguinated spectacularly, mouth pouring blood like a burst fire hydrant.

b. intransitive. To cause liquid to flow from a vessel, esp. when serving food or drink; (now chiefly) to fill cups with tea from a pot. Frequently with out. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb (intransitive)]

servec1275

sewc1440

pour1539

to wait on the cup, the trencher, the table1552

sewerc1553

wait1568

to wait up1654

to serve away1709

help1805

to wait (the) table1827

to sling hash1860

to be mother1934

the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of emitting copiously > be emitted [verb (intransitive)] > emit

streamc1390

spout?a1425

pour1539

pump1836

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)] > out

fillc1450

forthyete1513

pour1539

to fill out1602

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (intransitive)] > be emitted > emit copiously or in a stream

runc1225

streamc1390

spout?a1425

diffude?a1475

pour1539

pump1836

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [verb (intransitive)] > serve drink

skink1591

tap1602

pour1906

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > serving tea or coffee > [verb (intransitive)] > pour tea

pour1906

to be mother1934

1539 Bible (Great) 2 Kings iv. 40 So they powred out for the men to eate.

1560 Bible (Geneva) 2 Kings 41 Powre out for the people, that they may eat.

a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 147 Men are spunges, which to powre out, receive.

1906 W. S. Maugham Bishop's Apron ix. 61/1 Mrs. Railing stirred the tea, put milk in each cup, and poured out.

1930 A. Bennett Imperial Palace lvi. 420 ‘Will you pour?’ she asked... He poured out the tea.

1956 R. Fuller Image of Society ix. 226 ‘Shall I pour?’ she asked.

1984 Sunday Tel. 12 Feb. 16/6–7 ‘Mrs Hopcroft poured’ it used to add, it being considered quite unnecessary to say what she poured.

†c. transitive. To send (something) down a stream. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > transference > sending > send [verb (transitive)] > down a stream

pour1590

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. X6^v But the sad virgin innocent of all, Adowne the rolling riuer she did poure [rhymes succoure, floure = floor].

d. transitive (reflexive or in passive). colloquial. To fit or squeeze (a person) into a tight-fitting garment.

ΚΠ

1894 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ Real Charlotte I. vi. 70 Were you calling Norry just now to melt you down and pour you into that garment? I never saw such a waist!]

1908 Washington Post 4 May 4/5 The Secretary's fingers had brought fractious fastenings together at the back of his wife's gown, and he had poured himself into his official blacks.

1933 J. E. Middleton in N. Hodgins Some Canad. Ess. 159 It has an elevator with a skinny boy in charge: a boy who has been poured into a tight suit glittering with brass buttons.

1960 P. Campbell Come here till I tell You 49 She was poured into a sky-blue uniform, with a jaunty little forage cap perched on top of nearly edible curls.

1978 ‘A. Morice’ Murder by Proxy iii. 35 The Crossley-Jones are giving one of their fiestas and I have to pour myself into the old bib and tucker.

1995 Sugar June 56 (heading) If you want to cause a stir on the beach just pour yourself into a gorgeous swimsuit.

a. transitive. figurative. To send (words, etc.) forth or out as in a stream; to bestow generously or continuously; to express (feelings) freely and copiously.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest or exhibit (emotions) [verb (transitive)]

canOE

demeanc1400

pourc1451

expand1656

vend1682

demonstrate1800

emote1927

uncap1980

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > say in a lively manner

rattle1402

pourc1451

to run off1680

twitter1689

perk1940

zing1975

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > introduction or bringing in > introduce or bring something in [verb (transitive)] > infuse

sheda1325

bedew1340

distil1393

informa1398

transfusec1425

pourc1451

infudea1500

infuse1526

tan1530

colour1536

suck1549

imbrue1565

dewc1572

inspire1576

steep1603

infect1605

imbreathe1609

impregn1652

transfund1670

influence1691

bleed1866

render1885

taste1904

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously

yeteOE

effuse1398

hella1400

pourc1451

pump1580

shower1611

beteem?1630

repump1753

pail1807

volume1815

c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 69 (MED) He þat pored wisdam in his breest for to þinke..He gaf him vertue in þe administracion & conseruacion of þe same.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts ii. 17 Of my sprete I will poure out apon all flesshe.

1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (iv.) f. 61 Daniel lykewyse cap .9. powereth forth his herte before god.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lviij That he alone myghte..powre out all his indignation vpon them.

1645 Directory Publique Worship 23 That God would powre out a blessing.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 57. ¶4 The Charms which Nature has poured out upon them [sc. Woman-kind].

1789 W. Blake Night in Songs of Innocence They pour sleep on their head.

1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms ii. 325 Such words she o'er her lover pours As give herself relief.

1846 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 125 They pour out the most fervent scorn and hatred on all who presume to differ from themselves.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiii. 321 They..Pour'd grave inspiration, a prophet chant to the future.

1924 M. Baring C ii. 12 Mrs. Roden swept into the room, pouring out apologies for being late.

1961 I. Murdoch Severed Head xiv. 123 She made me tell her the whole story of my relations with Georgie in detail, and..I poured it all out with relief.

1996 Sun 13 Sept. 2/3 The troubled singer, 23, poured out his heart about his violent rows with [his] older brother.

b. transitive. To send forth (people) in great numbers (also reflexive); to discharge (missiles) in rapid succession; to provide (money or another commodity) regularly or constantly, esp. in large amounts. Also occasionally intransitive.In quot. 1748 in past participle poured out: scattered, spread about.

ΚΠ

1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Sam. xxiii. 27 Make hast, and come, because the Philistijms have powred in themselves upon the land.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) v. 0. 24 How London doth powre out her Citizens.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 83 From all partes they powred upon as great vollyes of shot.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 74 When the Captain was come within distance [he] poured in two Broadsides among them.

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 790 Crete's hundred Cities pour forth all her Sons.

1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence i. lxxi Where, from gross mortal care and business free, They lay, poured out in ease and luxury.

1768 T. Gray Triumphs of Owen in Poems 102 He nor heaps his brooded stores, Nor on all profusely pours.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake vi. 269 And refluent through the pass of fear The battle's tide was pour'd [rhyme sword].

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 495 Sixty thousand a year, little more than what was poured into the English exchequer every fortnight.

1891 Cornhill Mag. Jan. 80 Shetanpara begins to pour forth all its ruffianry.

1934 Ladies' Home Jrnl. Feb. 107/1 Health departments of cities and states poured out money to buy serum from recovered polios to try to cure already sick babies.

1989 P. Fussell Wartime i. 8 The troops..simply poured ‘assault fire’ in the general direction of the enemy while moving towards him.

2003 Independent 3 Feb. 15/4 It doesn't seem unreasonable to ask developers to reimburse taxpayers for the millions we are pouring in.

a. transitive (reflexive). To devote oneself to; throw oneself into; give one's all. rare before 19th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or busy oneself [verb (reflexive)] > devote or apply oneself

choosea1300

yield?a1366

givea1400

employ1439

applyc1450

poura1500

intend?1504

delivera1533

addict1534

bequeath1558

bend1591

devotea1616

devow1626

surrendera1732

puzzle1751

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 41 (MED) Þe inwarde man..neuere pouriþ himself holy to outwarde þinges.

a1626 L. Andrewes Serm. (1856) I. 333 How great, gross, and foul an incongruity it is to pour out ourselves into sin..when we go forth to correct sin.

1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World ii. xx. 127/1 The poor Eudoxia..poureth her self into tears, without comfort.

1885 Marion (Ohio) Daily Star 17 June The boy..has made up his mind to do one thing..; to focus himself on it and pour himself into it.

1913 L. Binyon Auguries 69 Is it for this that great And tender spirits..Loved to the utmost, poured themselves, gave all.

1986 P. Barker Century's Daughter vi. 93 As her relationship with Frank soured, she poured herself without stint into her son.

1989 G. Daly Pre-Raphaelites in Love vii. 345 Gabriel poured himself into decorating his new home, an enormous undertaking because of its size.

2001 Times 28 Feb. i. 20/1 Building up a herd is not a job. It is..a mighty roman fleuve into which you pour yourself unstintingly every day of your life.

b. transitive (reflexive). With out, forth. To express oneself effusively, volubly, or without restraint.

ΚΠ

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (2 Cor. vi. 11) We pour forth our selves in this floud of speech, that thereby ye may take a scantling of our over-abundant love to your souls.

1747 R. G. Junior tr. D. Martin Hist. Bible 432 It was the virtuous pious Anna, who every Day poured herself out in Prayers in this holy Place.

1783 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric I. xix. 400 He abounds in Rhetorical Figures; and pours himself forth with great impetuosity.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. iv. 42 She poured herself forth to my infant ear in descriptions of the scenes of her youth.

1874 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch iv. xl. 298 Yesterday he came and poured himself out to me.

1920 A. Yezierska Hungry Hearts (1997) 8 Her whole face and figure lit up with animation as she poured herself out to him.

1935 R. P. Blackmur Double Agent vi. 165 For Keats the Nightingale was..a liberating symbol; it let him pour himself forth and it gave him a free symbol under which to subsume his images and emotions.

2003 P. Baroth Long Green vi. 57 And somewhere there was a reflex inside him which barred pouring himself out to women.

a. intransitive. To gush out, flow steadily or copiously in a stream; (of rain) to fall heavily; (of light) to shine brightly. Frequently with adverbs, as down, on, out, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)]

runeOE

flowa1000

fleetc1175

stretchc1275

slide1390

fleamc1465

pour1538

slip1596

streek1598

strain1612

put1670

rindle1863

slosha1953

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out [verb (intransitive)] > copiously or continuously

flowc825

outfloweOE

outstreama1275

streama1300

boilc1300

welta1400

buschc1400

waltc1400

outwellc1443

pour1538

outgush1558

gush1577

outpour1581

spew1670

well1812

sluice1859

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > copiously

wallc893

bolkena1300

railc1390

gush?a1400

hella1400

walterc1400

yraylle1426

downpoura1522

pour1538

bolk1541

flush1548

sluice1593

teem1753

flux1823

swill1884

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > abound [verb (intransitive)] > flow or fall abundantly

overflowOE

rainc1175

streama1250

overfleeta1325

fleetc1374

gush?a1400

pour1538

troll1576

to rain in1596

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > rain heavily

ropec1450

to ding down1554

to come down1597

to ding onc1650

to rain cats and dogs1661

sile1703

pour1737

teem1753

pepper1767

flood1813

to rain pitchforks1815

rash1824

spate1853

bucket1926

tipplea1930

piss1948

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Ruo.., to falle, to poure out.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) iii. iv. 18 No, I will weepe no more; in such a night, To shut me out? Poure on, I will endure.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 54 When impetuous Rain Swells hasty Brooks, and pours upon the Plain.

1737 S. Berington Mem. G. di Lucca 80 The River Nile..running thro' the hither Ethiopia, pours down upon Egypt.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere v, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 27 The rain pours down from one black cloud.

1831 N. P. Willis Poem at Brown University 172 The light Of the blest sun pours on his book.

1883 Manch. Guard. 22 Oct. 5/2 Sewer gas was pouring into the lavatories.

1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xxiii. 197 Harder came the rain, pouring out of a windless sky, and spattering up from the notice-boards of the house-agents.

1958 I. Fleming Dr. No x. 117 The head..broke the surface, its eyes turned up and water pouring from its silently yelling mouth.

2005 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 18 Apr. i. 9/2 There were the cascades of liquid pouring down everywhere, slickening every jagged foothold.

b. intransitive. With it as subject. To rain heavily. Also occasionally transitive.it never rains but it pours: see rain v. Phrases 2.

ΚΠ

1663 S. Pepys Diary 11 July (1971) IV. 226 Thence I, it raining as hard as it could powre down, home to the Hill-house and anon to supper.

1787 W. Beckford Jrnl. 22 Dec. in Jrnl. Portugal & Spain (1954) (modernized text) 298 It poured hard all night, but is now blue and sunshiny.

1815 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) I. 79 We were to have gone with him if it had been fine, but it is pouring.

1849 W. M. Thackeray in Scribner's Mag. 1 551/1 Is it pouring with rain?

1908 L. I. Guiney Blessed Edmund Campion (1914) vii. 79 The roads were bad..and it poured rain for the first nine or ten miles.

1952 E. F. Davies Illyrian Venture iii. 52 Canopies..kept out light rain only; when it poured, drips started to come in everywhere.

2001 Church Times 10 Aug. 11/4 Last year it poured and poured;..but we effete Bloomsbury enthusiasts merely added gumboots to our outfits of straw hats and flouncy scarves.

5. intransitive. Of people or things: to run or rush in a stream or crowd; to come or go in great numbers, continuously, or in rapid succession; to stream. Frequently with forth, in, out, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)]

to-shedc888

skairc1175

skaila1400

disparklec1449

scatter?c1450

spartlec1475

sprattlea1500

distribute?c1510

disperge1530

shudderc1540

crumble1547

pour1574

sperse1580

disject1581

spatter1582

distract1589

sparflec1600

esparse1625

fan1639

disperse1654

sparge1786

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > move in a certain direction [verb (intransitive)] > move back and forth or come and go > in great numbers

swarmc1386

flocka1400

pour1574

troop1610

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > abound [verb (intransitive)]

flowc1000

flower1340

abounda1350

redounda1382

swarm1399

walm1399

bound1568

pour1574

gush1577

exuberate1623

pullulate1641

hotter1860

resonate1955

1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 575 To Powre out: to comme or runne forth in great companies.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 14 The other Muscovites came pouring into the Citie.

1676 A. Sammes Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 344 The Barbarous Nations soon broke down and overrun it [the turf wall], and pouring into the Province like a Torrent, made great devastations.

1757 T. Gray Ode I i. ii, in Odes 5 Now the rich stream of music winds along..Headlong, impetuous, see it pour.

1781 J. Logan in Sc. Paraphr. x. i In streets, and op'nings of the gates where pours the busy crowd.

1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art (1850) 1 The modern engravings which pour upon us daily.

1860 L. V. Harcourt in G. Rose Diaries II. vi. 204 After the announcement of Mr. Pitt's death, lamentations pour in.

1891 Punch 18 Apr. 185/1 Business prospered, and money came pouring in.

1919 J. Reed Ten Days that shook World iv. 100 Shouts of ‘All out! All out!’ were heard far and near within, and the Army began to pour through the door.

1958 M. L. King Stride toward Freedom v. 80 Although we never made a public appeal for funds, contributions began to pour in.

1994 Science 3 Sept. 36/1 Amazing digital headset will open your learning centres so new skills and information pour in like magic.

6. transitive (reflexive). Of a river, etc.: to discharge itself into the sea or another body of water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > cause to flow [verb (transitive)]

roll1566

drive1569

pour1665

run1791

flow1885

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 591 The Rhine mixeth and powres it self into Issell.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. i. 111 We eyed a large cascade of the most transparent water, which poured itself from a rock near a hundred feet high into the sea.

1825 W. Scott Tales Crusaders III. 3 Where the waves of the Jordan pour themselves into an inland sea.

1870 J. H. Newman Ess. Gram. Assent ii. ix. 382 As a stream might pour itself into the sea.

1910 Washington Post 24 Oct. 5/5 The Manzanares..pours itself into the Jarama River about 12 miles below the capital.

1978 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-American 19 Mar. (Empire Mag. section) 5/2 [Henderson Harbor is] tucked into one of the last corners of Lake Ontario before it pours itself into the St. Lawrence.

1992 Times (Nexis) 2 Jan. The river Stour almost encircles the port before pouring itself into the sea.

†a. transitive. Founding. To make by running molten metal into a mould; to cast, found. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > found or cast (object)

blowc1000

yetOE

cast1496

found1562

run1690

pour1873

1873 J. Richards On Arrangem. Wood-working Factories 88 Whenever it is practicable, both sides of the bearings should be poured or moulded at one time.

1922 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 26 Nov. 6/5 The axles are poured from the same steel that is used in high priced automobiles.

b. transitive. To make by pouring liquid concrete into a mould or form.

ΚΠ

1909 Evening Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 14 Aug. 6/2 (headline) [Thomas A. Edison] perfects his plan to ‘pour’ concrete house.

1963 Valley Independent (Monessen, Pa.) 29 Nov. 18/5 (advt.) Whether you're pouring a patio, a driveway, a building foundation or a bridge abutment, there's a [concrete] mix especially designed to give you the strongest results.

1986 P. Theroux O-zone ii. 21 It's real brick... This stone wasn't poured.

2002 J. R. Mori Into Heart of Sea v. 123 Guyito tells Jeff that when his men were pouring a new driveway and couldn't buy sand, they found rice to be cheaper and poured rice in the cement mixer.

Phrases

†P1. [Compare classical Latin suffundere suffuse v.] to be poured on: to be overspread with something poured, to be suffused fully with. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > make wet [verb (transitive)] > cover or suffuse > by pouring over

to be poured ona1500

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 33 (MED) Þe lecherovs men & louers of her lustes shul be poured on wiþ brenyng picche & stynkyng brymston.

P2. transitive. U.S. colloquial. to be unable to pour water (also piss, etc.) out of a boot and variants: to be unable to perform even the simplest task; to be stupid or incompetent.

ΚΠ

1912 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 26 Dec. Ivor is one vast compendium of useless wisdom, with hardly horse sense enough to pour water out of a boot.

1927 Bridgeport (Connecticut) Telegram 25 Mar. 13/6 He couldn't pour water out of a boot with directions printed on the heel.

1954 V. Randolph Pissing in Snow (1976) lxxxiii. 123 You've went and fucked a silly chore-boy, that don't know enough to pour piss out of a boot!

1976 J. F. Heath Decade of Disillusionm. vii. 233 The OAS couldn't pour piss out of a boot if the instructions were written on the heel.

1999 Workforce 78 61/3 Rules and regulations designed for numbskulls who couldn't pour milk out of a boot with the directions printed on the heel.

P3. transitive. colloquial. to pour it on.

a. Originally and chiefly U.S. To do something vigorously, tenaciously, or with all one's might.

ΚΠ

1922 Wichita Daily Times (Wichita Falls, Texas) 8 Mar. 10/8 Numerous taxpayers of this County..have suggested that we, in the vernacular of the baseball fan, ‘Pour It On’... Their suggestion is going to be followed until justice and right prevail.

1940 S. H. Holbrook Ethan Allen vii. 124 Rivington knew how to write for his side, and he poured it on in the Gazette's columns.

1980 Raging Bull (film script) 43 (stage direct.) He [sc. Joey] belts Jake with a left and a right to the jaw... Joey keeps pouring it on.

2003 W. E. Lankford Bike Path x. 57 I'd found a cadence I could maintain throughout my ride and with enough energy left over to really pour it on during the last two miles.

b. To flatter or cajole someone; to exaggerate, esp. in order to manipulate or persuade.

ΚΠ

1948 H. McCoy Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye ii. iii. 204 I started to tell her that..I was out hustling for her,..and really pour it on so she would feel guilty for accusing me falsely.

1958 B. Wilder & I. A. L. Diamond Some like it Hot (film script) (O.E.D. Archive) 162 That's right—pour it on... Talk me out of it.

1969 N.Y. Times 2 Mar. 13 e/5 Even though this was rather less effusive than Mr. Nixon's prepared text, it was still..pouring it on aplenty.

1998 B. Morton Starting out in Evening iv. 10 She did want to see his study, and she did think of it as a sort of holy place—but she was also pouring it on thick.

P4. transitive. slang. to pour (the) coal to (or into): to cause (a vehicle, esp. an aircraft) to accelerate; to pilot an aircraft at high speed. Also to pour on the coal(s).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > fly (in) an aircraft [verb (intransitive)] > at very high speed

to pour on the coal(s)1937

1937 E. C. Parsons Great Adventure xix. 233 I poured coal into the old Hispano and lit out like a scared jack rabbit.

1944 T. H. Wisdom Triumph over Tunisia xxiii. 183 The bombs gone away, Jimmy put the nose down and poured on the coal to escape.

1961 J. M. Foster Hell in Heavens 58 He poured the coal to his plane and banked to avoid passing too close.

2000 Ralph 7 July 141/1 To nail the perfect corner, rush in at about double your normal clip, point, pour on the coals and get ready to catch a hint of oversteer as the bum starts to step out under power.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pour
释义	pourn. Brit. /pɔː/ U.S. /pɔr/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pour v. Etymology: < pour v. 1. A stream; a constant flow. Frequently figurative. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [noun] > continuous stream of people fluxa1616 pour1790 the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > other well streamOE letch1138 well strandc1429 pow1481 black water1483 wash1530 gravel-brook1591 spring branch1650 pour1790 water splash1820 chalk stream1829 understream1830 water feeder1831 quebrada1833 black spring1847 weir-stream1889 obsequent1895 anti-dip1900 resequent1901 misfit1910 1790 D. Morison Poems 23 O'er her nose the sweat in sooms, In pours began to tumble. 1869 J. T. Trowbridge Vagabonds & Other Poems 33 Through rocky clefts the brooklet fell With plashy pour. 1898 S. R. Crockett Standard Bearer xiv. 123 There cam' a pour o' men-folk frae 'tween the lintels. 1901 F. Norris Octopus ii. ix. 642 The daylight in the hold was dimmed and clouded by the thick, chaff-dust thrown off by the pour of grain. 1993 B. Wood Rebel Angel (BNC) 241 She reached out for a pale, beautiful robe that seemed to be a continual pour of colour. 2. A heavy fall of rain, a downpour. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > downpour floodc1275 spate1513 spout1554 gourder1565 squata1640 downpouring1669 deluge1720 pash1722 plout1740 on-ding1776 pelt1785 soaker1789 pelter1791 teem1793 pour1794 oncome1808 downpour1811 plash1820 slashing1829 plungec1841 dispunging1876 steeper1878 splurge1879 soak1891 drencher1892 toad-strangler1938 1794 Har'st Rig lxxxiii. 27 Now it turns an eident blast, An even-down pour! 1814 P. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 90 A pour of rain, which turned to snow. 1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough xii. 97 Ere long, it began to rain—first of all, an ominous drizzle,..then a decided pour. 1889 Star Sentinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 4 June Veterans and patriotic citizens feared a pour of rain would mar the exercises of the afternoon. 1903 ‘T. Collins’ Such is Life ii. 57 A heavy, soaking pour of summer rain brought the ground into fencing condition. 1942 Indiana (Pa.) Evening Gaz. 1 July 6/1 There was a steady pour of rain outside. 1968 in Sc. National Dict. at Pour n. 2 Abd. 1964: It's gaun to be a pour in a meenute. 2002 F. Gander & K. Johnson tr. J. Saenz Immanent Visitor 65 May the silence..die in a forgetfulness and dilute itself in you and pass away in the pour of rain. 3. a. The action or process of pouring a liquid or molten metal; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > founding or casting > pouring molten metal teeming1857 pour1884 1884 Cent. Mag. Dec. 238/2 The ‘pour’ is preceded by a shower of sparks, consisting of little particles of molten steel. 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 102 As the pour is ended, we look into the vessel. 1931 Athens (Ohio) Messenger 1 Dec. 1/5 (heading) Two pours of concrete completed Monday; forms for center pier columns begun. 1958 Plastics Technol. Dec. 1128/2 Several pours at 30-minute intervals. 1973 Odessa (Texas) Amer. 2 June 12 a I had three pours [of ready-mix concrete] lined up for this week. I poured one. b. An amount of a liquid or molten metal poured at one time. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > [noun] > a definite or specified quantity or amount > specific quantities or amounts > quantity scooped, thrown, lifted, etc. lifta1400 casta1475 draught1740 pouring1768 draw1830 scoop1832 pour1899 1899 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 318 The core materials in each ‘pipe’ represent several ‘pours’. 1956 Hammond (Indiana) Times 10 Dec. 24/4 (caption) Largest casting ever poured at plant required three pours at once for a 145-ton forge hammer base. 2004 Post Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 3 Mar. e1/3 Three pours of wine and three small plates for $30. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pourv. Brit. /pɔː/, U.S. /pɔr/ Forms: α. Middle English–1600s poure, Middle English– pour, late Middle English–1600s powre, 1500s powrd (past tense and past participle), 1500s ypowred (past participle, archaic); Scottish pre-1700 poure, pre-1700 powre, pre-1700 1700s powr, pre-1700 1700s– pour. c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) 2026 Þe lazer tok forþ his coupe of gold..Þer-in he pourd þat win so riche.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 5833 To þe watir of þe flum þou go, And poure [a1400 Vesp. put, Fairf. putte] of hit vpon þe lond.?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii. pr. v. 92 Thilke thynges that thow wolt thresten or powren [L. infuderis] into nature schulle ben unjoyeful to the.1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Sii/2 To Poure, fundere.1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xlii. 4 I powre out my soule in mee.1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum i. 107 Then powring the matter upon a cold Table.1712 A. Pope Messiah in Spectator No. 348 Ye Heav'ns! from high the dewy Nectar pour [rhyme show'r].1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) ii. 3 Where on her Curlls the Public pours..fragrant grains, and golden show'rs.1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 210 Winter invades the spring, and often pours A chilling flood on summer's drooping flowers.1781 J. Morison in Sc. Paraphr. xxxv. vi Through latest ages let it pour, In mem'ry of my dying hour.1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna v. xxix. 107 A mighty crowd, such as the wide land pours..like the rush of showers. [ ii. xlii. 6, x. xi. 5, etc. rhymes with more, gore, before.]1830 Ld. Tennyson Poet's Mind 12 Holy water will I pour Into every spicy flower. [In later poems pour'd rhymes with stored, oar'd.]1909 E. Banks Myst. Frances Farrington 54 Pour me some tea, dear, and tell me about your play.1986 U. Holden Tin Toys (1987) iii. 27 I heard the cups rattle, the tea pouring. β. late Middle English porying (present participle), late Middle English–1500s pore. ▸ ?a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) v. 773 The Assiriens, to staunche his couetise, Pored in his throte, strangled hym with gold.a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 16 As a man may pore it out of þe bolle.a1500 Promptorium Parvulorum (King's Cambr.) 409 Poryn owt, effundo.1534 in J. C. Tingey Rec. City of Norwich (1910) II. 166 And a servaunt of the seid Gaillers perceyueng the same toke the pot from the boye and pored out the drynk in the strete. γ. late Middle English pure; Scottish pre-1700 pure. c1440 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Linc. Cathedral 110) 872 And borwed him large botellis þre And in þe two his poyson purid [Add. 5140 poored] he.1591 MS Rec. Aberdeen II. 71 It procuris the wraith..of God to be pured on that citie and congregatioun quhair the same is committit. δ. late Middle English–1500s poore, 1600s 1800s (U.S. regional)– poor; Scottish 1800s pooer, 1800s– poor, 1900s– poo'or (Orkney). c1485 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Add. 5140) 872 And borwed him large botelis thre And in tho too his poison poored [Linc. Cath. 110 purid] he.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 662/2 I poore drinke or lycoure in to a cuppe or vessell.1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xxxviii. sig. C4^v Thou..that poor'st into my verse, Thine owne sweet argument.1852 G. N. Jones Florida Plantation Rec. (1927) 73 It..Rained untill Night Just as Hard as it Could Poor.1898 J. R. Imray Sandy Todd 138 Fin I min' upon yon day ye cam' in wi' yer han' pooerin an' bleedin' frae the swine's hoose, I can hardly believe my ain een that ye're the same callant.1956 C. M. Costie Benjie's Bodle 171 Poo'or thoo on tae the shore, boy, an' say the doctor's comman.1998 in Dict. Amer Regional Eng. (2002) IV. 320/1 My aunt once told me about a woman of her acquaintance who would 'poor' water. ε. 1500s– power (now English regional (Lincolnshire)), 1600s pouer; Scottish pre-1700 pouer, pre-1700 pover, pre-1700 power, pre-1700 powir. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour 161 in Wks. (1931) I. 203 Rychtso the auld Intoxicat Saturne, Persauyng Phebus powir, his beymes brycht, Abufe the erth than maid he no sudgeourne.1597 J. Lyly Woman in Moone ii. i. 25 High Ioue himselfe..Receiues more influence then he powers on thee.1662 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 615 We powered in vater.1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. 22 The Light the Great Maimonides had powered into this enquiry.1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. 197/2 It begun to power down wi' rain while we was in chech.1976 G. E. Campion Lincs. Dial. 50 Sit down an' I'll power us a cup o' tea. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from French. Etymon: French purer. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < Middle French (Normandy) purer to decant, pour out (a liquid) (first attested slightly later in this sense (late 14th cent.), but compare earlier senses ‘to squeeze (fruits or vegetables) in order to obtain pulp’ (1314 in Old French), ‘to winnow (grain)’ (1316); now widespread in regional use in modern French in senses ‘(intransitive, of a liquid) to drip, drop, ooze out, flow out, (of washed clothes) to dry by dripping’, ‘(transitive) to press, wring, or squeeze (juice or water) out of fruits, wet clothes, freshly made cheese, and similar materials’), spec. senses (apparently not paralleled in Anglo-Norman) of purer pure v.As historical spellings in Middle English and early modern English frequently admit of various interpretations, the variant forms have here been grouped on an orthographic basis, and not on the basis of the hypothetical underlying pronunciation. Pronunciations with a diphthong /aʊə/, showing the normal reflex of Middle English ū (diphthongization not usually being prevented before final r ), prevailed until the 19th cent., as evidenced by the usual rhyme of the word with e.g. shower , flower (compare the 18th and 19th cent. quots. for the α forms), and are still found in regional varieties (compare the ε and Scottish α forms). Pronunciations with either Middle English open or close ō or their reflexes are suggested by a number of the spellings, and there is also some evidence from other sources for such pronunciations in the early modern period (see further especially E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §165, 208–9). However, pronunciations with /ɔə/ (as in N.E.D. (1907)) (regularly becoming /ɔː/ in British English in the course of the 20th cent.) are not recorded with any frequency before the late 18th cent. With sense 7 compare classical Latin fundere , French fondre found v.³ Signification. 1. a. transitive. To cause or allow (a substance, esp. a liquid) to flow out of a vessel or receptacle; to emit in a stream; to discharge or shed copiously. Also: †to emit (rays of light) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)] ayetOE yetOE hieldc1200 shed?c1225 pourc1330 peera1522 brew1581 swill1605 sile1787 the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > make abundant [verb (transitive)] > pour abundantly rineeOE pourc1330 streama1425 gush1530 troll1573 flood1829 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously > in or as in a stream runeOE ayetOE yetOE hieldc1200 pourc1330 bleed1377 spouta1398 wella1398 outyeta1400 wellc1400 effundc1420 streama1425 shed1430 diffude?a1475 skail1513 peera1522 effuse1526 diffuse1541 flow1550 gusha1555 outpoura1560 brew1581 outwell1590 spend1602 spin1610 exfuse1612 guttera1618 effude1634 disembogue1641 profund1657 efflux1669 decant1742 profuse1771 sluice1859 the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of emitting copiously > emit copiously [verb (transitive)] outyeta1400 effundc1420 shed1430 diffude?a1475 skail1513 effuse1526 diffuse1541 flow1550 outwell1590 spend1602 pour1604 exfuse1612 effude1634 profund1657 efflux1669 profuse1771 c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) 2026 (MED) Þe lazer tok forþ his coupe of gold..Þer-in he pourd þat win so riche. c1390 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 872 He..borwed hym large botels thre, And in the two his poyson poured [v.rr. porid, poored] he. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 648 He poureth pesen upon the haches slidere. a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 120 (MED) Powre þi suger þer-on as þin as it may renne. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Matt. xvi. 7 There came to him a woman having an alabaster box of precious ointment, and poured it on his head as he was at table. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies v. xxix. 418 Powring foorth many teares, with great repentance and sorrow. 1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 257 The remaining Matter..with the least heat may be pour'd out like a Liquor. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. i. 15 I took the Purse, and opening it, poured all the Gold into his Palm. 1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing II. iii. iii. 177 I poured the decoctions into glass cylinders. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 14 The sun had poured his last ray through the lofty windows. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xx. 138 A large wide valley into which both mountains pour their snows. 1923 E. Bowen Daffodils in Encounters 15 She counted out her money very carefully, pouring a little stream of coppers from her purse into the palm of her hand. 1988 G. Swift Out of this World 67 He poured the last of the champagne. 1997 C. Brookmyre Country of Blind (2001) x. 261 His aorta ruptured and he exsanguinated spectacularly, mouth pouring blood like a burst fire hydrant. b. intransitive. To cause liquid to flow from a vessel, esp. when serving food or drink; (now chiefly) to fill cups with tea from a pot. Frequently with out. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb (intransitive)] servec1275 sewc1440 pour1539 to wait on the cup, the trencher, the table1552 sewerc1553 wait1568 to wait up1654 to serve away1709 help1805 to wait (the) table1827 to sling hash1860 to be mother1934 the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of emitting copiously > be emitted [verb (intransitive)] > emit streamc1390 spout?a1425 pour1539 pump1836 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)] > out fillc1450 forthyete1513 pour1539 to fill out1602 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (intransitive)] > be emitted > emit copiously or in a stream runc1225 streamc1390 spout?a1425 diffude?a1475 pour1539 pump1836 the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [verb (intransitive)] > serve drink skink1591 tap1602 pour1906 the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > serving tea or coffee > [verb (intransitive)] > pour tea pour1906 to be mother1934 1539 Bible (Great) 2 Kings iv. 40 So they powred out for the men to eate. 1560 Bible (Geneva) 2 Kings 41 Powre out for the people, that they may eat. a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 147 Men are spunges, which to powre out, receive. 1906 W. S. Maugham Bishop's Apron ix. 61/1 Mrs. Railing stirred the tea, put milk in each cup, and poured out. 1930 A. Bennett Imperial Palace lvi. 420 ‘Will you pour?’ she asked... He poured out the tea. 1956 R. Fuller Image of Society ix. 226 ‘Shall I pour?’ she asked. 1984 Sunday Tel. 12 Feb. 16/6–7 ‘Mrs Hopcroft poured’ it used to add, it being considered quite unnecessary to say what she poured. †c. transitive. To send (something) down a stream. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > transference > sending > send [verb (transitive)] > down a stream pour1590 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. X6^v But the sad virgin innocent of all, Adowne the rolling riuer she did poure [rhymes succoure, floure = floor]. d. transitive (reflexive or in passive). colloquial. To fit or squeeze (a person) into a tight-fitting garment. ΚΠ 1894 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ Real Charlotte I. vi. 70 Were you calling Norry just now to melt you down and pour you into that garment? I never saw such a waist!] 1908 Washington Post 4 May 4/5 The Secretary's fingers had brought fractious fastenings together at the back of his wife's gown, and he had poured himself into his official blacks. 1933 J. E. Middleton in N. Hodgins Some Canad. Ess. 159 It has an elevator with a skinny boy in charge: a boy who has been poured into a tight suit glittering with brass buttons. 1960 P. Campbell Come here till I tell You 49 She was poured into a sky-blue uniform, with a jaunty little forage cap perched on top of nearly edible curls. 1978 ‘A. Morice’ Murder by Proxy iii. 35 The Crossley-Jones are giving one of their fiestas and I have to pour myself into the old bib and tucker. 1995 Sugar June 56 (heading) If you want to cause a stir on the beach just pour yourself into a gorgeous swimsuit. 2. a. transitive. figurative. To send (words, etc.) forth or out as in a stream; to bestow generously or continuously; to express (feelings) freely and copiously. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest or exhibit (emotions) [verb (transitive)] canOE demeanc1400 pourc1451 expand1656 vend1682 demonstrate1800 emote1927 uncap1980 the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > say in a lively manner rattle1402 pourc1451 to run off1680 twitter1689 perk1940 zing1975 the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > introduction or bringing in > introduce or bring something in [verb (transitive)] > infuse sheda1325 bedew1340 distil1393 informa1398 transfusec1425 pourc1451 infudea1500 infuse1526 tan1530 colour1536 suck1549 imbrue1565 dewc1572 inspire1576 steep1603 infect1605 imbreathe1609 impregn1652 transfund1670 influence1691 bleed1866 render1885 taste1904 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously yeteOE effuse1398 hella1400 pourc1451 pump1580 shower1611 beteem?1630 repump1753 pail1807 volume1815 c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 69 (MED) He þat pored wisdam in his breest for to þinke..He gaf him vertue in þe administracion & conseruacion of þe same. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts ii. 17 Of my sprete I will poure out apon all flesshe. 1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (iv.) f. 61 Daniel lykewyse cap .9. powereth forth his herte before god. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lviij That he alone myghte..powre out all his indignation vpon them. 1645 Directory Publique Worship 23 That God would powre out a blessing. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 57. ¶4 The Charms which Nature has poured out upon them [sc. Woman-kind]. 1789 W. Blake Night in Songs of Innocence They pour sleep on their head. 1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms ii. 325 Such words she o'er her lover pours As give herself relief. 1846 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 125 They pour out the most fervent scorn and hatred on all who presume to differ from themselves. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiii. 321 They..Pour'd grave inspiration, a prophet chant to the future. 1924 M. Baring C ii. 12 Mrs. Roden swept into the room, pouring out apologies for being late. 1961 I. Murdoch Severed Head xiv. 123 She made me tell her the whole story of my relations with Georgie in detail, and..I poured it all out with relief. 1996 Sun 13 Sept. 2/3 The troubled singer, 23, poured out his heart about his violent rows with [his] older brother. b. transitive. To send forth (people) in great numbers (also reflexive); to discharge (missiles) in rapid succession; to provide (money or another commodity) regularly or constantly, esp. in large amounts. Also occasionally intransitive.In quot. 1748 in past participle poured out: scattered, spread about. ΚΠ 1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Sam. xxiii. 27 Make hast, and come, because the Philistijms have powred in themselves upon the land. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) v. 0. 24 How London doth powre out her Citizens. View more context for this quotation 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 83 From all partes they powred upon as great vollyes of shot. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 74 When the Captain was come within distance [he] poured in two Broadsides among them. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 790 Crete's hundred Cities pour forth all her Sons. 1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence i. lxxi Where, from gross mortal care and business free, They lay, poured out in ease and luxury. 1768 T. Gray Triumphs of Owen in Poems 102 He nor heaps his brooded stores, Nor on all profusely pours. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake vi. 269 And refluent through the pass of fear The battle's tide was pour'd [rhyme sword]. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 495 Sixty thousand a year, little more than what was poured into the English exchequer every fortnight. 1891 Cornhill Mag. Jan. 80 Shetanpara begins to pour forth all its ruffianry. 1934 Ladies' Home Jrnl. Feb. 107/1 Health departments of cities and states poured out money to buy serum from recovered polios to try to cure already sick babies. 1989 P. Fussell Wartime i. 8 The troops..simply poured ‘assault fire’ in the general direction of the enemy while moving towards him. 2003 Independent 3 Feb. 15/4 It doesn't seem unreasonable to ask developers to reimburse taxpayers for the millions we are pouring in. 3. a. transitive (reflexive). To devote oneself to; throw oneself into; give one's all. rare before 19th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or busy oneself [verb (reflexive)] > devote or apply oneself choosea1300 yield?a1366 givea1400 employ1439 applyc1450 poura1500 intend?1504 delivera1533 addict1534 bequeath1558 bend1591 devotea1616 devow1626 surrendera1732 puzzle1751 a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 41 (MED) Þe inwarde man..neuere pouriþ himself holy to outwarde þinges. a1626 L. Andrewes Serm. (1856) I. 333 How great, gross, and foul an incongruity it is to pour out ourselves into sin..when we go forth to correct sin. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World ii. xx. 127/1 The poor Eudoxia..poureth her self into tears, without comfort. 1885 Marion (Ohio) Daily Star 17 June The boy..has made up his mind to do one thing..; to focus himself on it and pour himself into it. 1913 L. Binyon Auguries 69 Is it for this that great And tender spirits..Loved to the utmost, poured themselves, gave all. 1986 P. Barker Century's Daughter vi. 93 As her relationship with Frank soured, she poured herself without stint into her son. 1989 G. Daly Pre-Raphaelites in Love vii. 345 Gabriel poured himself into decorating his new home, an enormous undertaking because of its size. 2001 Times 28 Feb. i. 20/1 Building up a herd is not a job. It is..a mighty roman fleuve into which you pour yourself unstintingly every day of your life. b. transitive (reflexive). With out, forth. To express oneself effusively, volubly, or without restraint. ΚΠ 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (2 Cor. vi. 11) We pour forth our selves in this floud of speech, that thereby ye may take a scantling of our over-abundant love to your souls. 1747 R. G. Junior tr. D. Martin Hist. Bible 432 It was the virtuous pious Anna, who every Day poured herself out in Prayers in this holy Place. 1783 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric I. xix. 400 He abounds in Rhetorical Figures; and pours himself forth with great impetuosity. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. iv. 42 She poured herself forth to my infant ear in descriptions of the scenes of her youth. 1874 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch iv. xl. 298 Yesterday he came and poured himself out to me. 1920 A. Yezierska Hungry Hearts (1997) 8 Her whole face and figure lit up with animation as she poured herself out to him. 1935 R. P. Blackmur Double Agent vi. 165 For Keats the Nightingale was..a liberating symbol; it let him pour himself forth and it gave him a free symbol under which to subsume his images and emotions. 2003 P. Baroth Long Green vi. 57 And somewhere there was a reflex inside him which barred pouring himself out to women. 4. a. intransitive. To gush out, flow steadily or copiously in a stream; (of rain) to fall heavily; (of light) to shine brightly. Frequently with adverbs, as down, on, out, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] runeOE flowa1000 fleetc1175 stretchc1275 slide1390 fleamc1465 pour1538 slip1596 streek1598 strain1612 put1670 rindle1863 slosha1953 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out [verb (intransitive)] > copiously or continuously flowc825 outfloweOE outstreama1275 streama1300 boilc1300 welta1400 buschc1400 waltc1400 outwellc1443 pour1538 outgush1558 gush1577 outpour1581 spew1670 well1812 sluice1859 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > copiously wallc893 bolkena1300 railc1390 gush?a1400 hella1400 walterc1400 yraylle1426 downpoura1522 pour1538 bolk1541 flush1548 sluice1593 teem1753 flux1823 swill1884 the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > abound [verb (intransitive)] > flow or fall abundantly overflowOE rainc1175 streama1250 overfleeta1325 fleetc1374 gush?a1400 pour1538 troll1576 to rain in1596 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > rain heavily ropec1450 to ding down1554 to come down1597 to ding onc1650 to rain cats and dogs1661 sile1703 pour1737 teem1753 pepper1767 flood1813 to rain pitchforks1815 rash1824 spate1853 bucket1926 tipplea1930 piss1948 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Ruo.., to falle, to poure out. a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) iii. iv. 18 No, I will weepe no more; in such a night, To shut me out? Poure on, I will endure. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 54 When impetuous Rain Swells hasty Brooks, and pours upon the Plain. View more context for this quotation 1737 S. Berington Mem. G. di Lucca 80 The River Nile..running thro' the hither Ethiopia, pours down upon Egypt. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere v, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 27 The rain pours down from one black cloud. 1831 N. P. Willis Poem at Brown University 172 The light Of the blest sun pours on his book. 1883 Manch. Guard. 22 Oct. 5/2 Sewer gas was pouring into the lavatories. 1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xxiii. 197 Harder came the rain, pouring out of a windless sky, and spattering up from the notice-boards of the house-agents. 1958 I. Fleming Dr. No x. 117 The head..broke the surface, its eyes turned up and water pouring from its silently yelling mouth. 2005 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 18 Apr. i. 9/2 There were the cascades of liquid pouring down everywhere, slickening every jagged foothold. b. intransitive. With it as subject. To rain heavily. Also occasionally transitive.it never rains but it pours: see rain v. Phrases 2. ΚΠ 1663 S. Pepys Diary 11 July (1971) IV. 226 Thence I, it raining as hard as it could powre down, home to the Hill-house and anon to supper. 1787 W. Beckford Jrnl. 22 Dec. in Jrnl. Portugal & Spain (1954) (modernized text) 298 It poured hard all night, but is now blue and sunshiny. 1815 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) I. 79 We were to have gone with him if it had been fine, but it is pouring. 1849 W. M. Thackeray in Scribner's Mag. 1 551/1 Is it pouring with rain? 1908 L. I. Guiney Blessed Edmund Campion (1914) vii. 79 The roads were bad..and it poured rain for the first nine or ten miles. 1952 E. F. Davies Illyrian Venture iii. 52 Canopies..kept out light rain only; when it poured, drips started to come in everywhere. 2001 Church Times 10 Aug. 11/4 Last year it poured and poured;..but we effete Bloomsbury enthusiasts merely added gumboots to our outfits of straw hats and flouncy scarves. 5. intransitive. Of people or things: to run or rush in a stream or crowd; to come or go in great numbers, continuously, or in rapid succession; to stream. Frequently with forth, in, out, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] to-shedc888 skairc1175 skaila1400 disparklec1449 scatter?c1450 spartlec1475 sprattlea1500 distribute?c1510 disperge1530 shudderc1540 crumble1547 pour1574 sperse1580 disject1581 spatter1582 distract1589 sparflec1600 esparse1625 fan1639 disperse1654 sparge1786 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > move in a certain direction [verb (intransitive)] > move back and forth or come and go > in great numbers swarmc1386 flocka1400 pour1574 troop1610 the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > abound [verb (intransitive)] flowc1000 flower1340 abounda1350 redounda1382 swarm1399 walm1399 bound1568 pour1574 gush1577 exuberate1623 pullulate1641 hotter1860 resonate1955 1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 575 To Powre out: to comme or runne forth in great companies. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 14 The other Muscovites came pouring into the Citie. 1676 A. Sammes Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 344 The Barbarous Nations soon broke down and overrun it [the turf wall], and pouring into the Province like a Torrent, made great devastations. 1757 T. Gray Ode I i. ii, in Odes 5 Now the rich stream of music winds along..Headlong, impetuous, see it pour. 1781 J. Logan in Sc. Paraphr. x. i In streets, and op'nings of the gates where pours the busy crowd. 1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art (1850) 1 The modern engravings which pour upon us daily. 1860 L. V. Harcourt in G. Rose Diaries II. vi. 204 After the announcement of Mr. Pitt's death, lamentations pour in. 1891 Punch 18 Apr. 185/1 Business prospered, and money came pouring in. 1919 J. Reed Ten Days that shook World iv. 100 Shouts of ‘All out! All out!’ were heard far and near within, and the Army began to pour through the door. 1958 M. L. King Stride toward Freedom v. 80 Although we never made a public appeal for funds, contributions began to pour in. 1994 Science 3 Sept. 36/1 Amazing digital headset will open your learning centres so new skills and information pour in like magic. 6. transitive (reflexive). Of a river, etc.: to discharge itself into the sea or another body of water. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > cause to flow [verb (transitive)] roll1566 drive1569 pour1665 run1791 flow1885 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 591 The Rhine mixeth and powres it self into Issell. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. i. 111 We eyed a large cascade of the most transparent water, which poured itself from a rock near a hundred feet high into the sea. 1825 W. Scott Tales Crusaders III. 3 Where the waves of the Jordan pour themselves into an inland sea. 1870 J. H. Newman Ess. Gram. Assent ii. ix. 382 As a stream might pour itself into the sea. 1910 Washington Post 24 Oct. 5/5 The Manzanares..pours itself into the Jarama River about 12 miles below the capital. 1978 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-American 19 Mar. (Empire Mag. section) 5/2 [Henderson Harbor is] tucked into one of the last corners of Lake Ontario before it pours itself into the St. Lawrence. 1992 Times (Nexis) 2 Jan. The river Stour almost encircles the port before pouring itself into the sea. 7. †a. transitive. Founding. To make by running molten metal into a mould; to cast, found. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > found or cast (object) blowc1000 yetOE cast1496 found1562 run1690 pour1873 1873 J. Richards On Arrangem. Wood-working Factories 88 Whenever it is practicable, both sides of the bearings should be poured or moulded at one time. 1922 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 26 Nov. 6/5 The axles are poured from the same steel that is used in high priced automobiles. b. transitive. To make by pouring liquid concrete into a mould or form. ΚΠ 1909 Evening Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 14 Aug. 6/2 (headline) [Thomas A. Edison] perfects his plan to ‘pour’ concrete house. 1963 Valley Independent (Monessen, Pa.) 29 Nov. 18/5 (advt.) Whether you're pouring a patio, a driveway, a building foundation or a bridge abutment, there's a [concrete] mix especially designed to give you the strongest results. 1986 P. Theroux O-zone ii. 21 It's real brick... This stone wasn't poured. 2002 J. R. Mori Into Heart of Sea v. 123 Guyito tells Jeff that when his men were pouring a new driveway and couldn't buy sand, they found rice to be cheaper and poured rice in the cement mixer. Phrases †P1. [Compare classical Latin suffundere suffuse v.] to be poured on: to be overspread with something poured, to be suffused fully with. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > make wet [verb (transitive)] > cover or suffuse > by pouring over to be poured ona1500 a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 33 (MED) Þe lecherovs men & louers of her lustes shul be poured on wiþ brenyng picche & stynkyng brymston. P2. transitive. U.S. colloquial. to be unable to pour water (also piss, etc.) out of a boot and variants: to be unable to perform even the simplest task; to be stupid or incompetent. ΚΠ 1912 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 26 Dec. Ivor is one vast compendium of useless wisdom, with hardly horse sense enough to pour water out of a boot. 1927 Bridgeport (Connecticut) Telegram 25 Mar. 13/6 He couldn't pour water out of a boot with directions printed on the heel. 1954 V. Randolph Pissing in Snow (1976) lxxxiii. 123 You've went and fucked a silly chore-boy, that don't know enough to pour piss out of a boot! 1976 J. F. Heath Decade of Disillusionm. vii. 233 The OAS couldn't pour piss out of a boot if the instructions were written on the heel. 1999 Workforce 78 61/3 Rules and regulations designed for numbskulls who couldn't pour milk out of a boot with the directions printed on the heel. P3. transitive. colloquial. to pour it on. a. Originally and chiefly U.S. To do something vigorously, tenaciously, or with all one's might. ΚΠ 1922 Wichita Daily Times (Wichita Falls, Texas) 8 Mar. 10/8 Numerous taxpayers of this County..have suggested that we, in the vernacular of the baseball fan, ‘Pour It On’... Their suggestion is going to be followed until justice and right prevail. 1940 S. H. Holbrook Ethan Allen vii. 124 Rivington knew how to write for his side, and he poured it on in the Gazette's columns. 1980 Raging Bull (film script) 43 (stage direct.) He [sc. Joey] belts Jake with a left and a right to the jaw... Joey keeps pouring it on. 2003 W. E. Lankford Bike Path x. 57 I'd found a cadence I could maintain throughout my ride and with enough energy left over to really pour it on during the last two miles. b. To flatter or cajole someone; to exaggerate, esp. in order to manipulate or persuade. ΚΠ 1948 H. McCoy Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye ii. iii. 204 I started to tell her that..I was out hustling for her,..and really pour it on so she would feel guilty for accusing me falsely. 1958 B. Wilder & I. A. L. Diamond Some like it Hot (film script) (O.E.D. Archive) 162 That's right—pour it on... Talk me out of it. 1969 N.Y. Times 2 Mar. 13 e/5 Even though this was rather less effusive than Mr. Nixon's prepared text, it was still..pouring it on aplenty. 1998 B. Morton Starting out in Evening iv. 10 She did want to see his study, and she did think of it as a sort of holy place—but she was also pouring it on thick. P4. transitive. slang. to pour (the) coal to (or into): to cause (a vehicle, esp. an aircraft) to accelerate; to pilot an aircraft at high speed. Also to pour on the coal(s). ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > fly (in) an aircraft [verb (intransitive)] > at very high speed to pour on the coal(s)1937 1937 E. C. Parsons Great Adventure xix. 233 I poured coal into the old Hispano and lit out like a scared jack rabbit. 1944 T. H. Wisdom Triumph over Tunisia xxiii. 183 The bombs gone away, Jimmy put the nose down and poured on the coal to escape. 1961 J. M. Foster Hell in Heavens 58 He poured the coal to his plane and banked to avoid passing too close. 2000 Ralph 7 July 141/1 To nail the perfect corner, rush in at about double your normal clip, point, pour on the coals and get ready to catch a hint of oversteer as the bum starts to step out under power. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1790v.c1330
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pourn.

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Phrases