possessiveadj.n.

Brit.

/pəˈzɛsɪv/, U.S.

/pəˈzɛsɪv/

Forms: late Middle English poscessiue, late Middle English possessyf, 1500s possessiue, 1500s possessyve, 1500s– possessive.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French possessif; Latin possessīvus.

Etymology: < Middle French, French possessif, adjective (late 14th cent. designating the grammatical case indicating ownership, first half of the 15th cent. designating possessive pronouns, second half of the 15th cent. in general sense ‘owning’) and noun (mid 14th cent. denoting possessive pronouns, mid 15th cent. denoting the grammatical case, 1596 in sense ‘property’, 1740 denoting possessive adjectives), Middle French possessive , noun (c1370–82 in sense ‘possession’) and its etymon classical Latin possessīvus (in grammar) indicating possession (Quintilian) < possess- , past participial stem of possidēre possess v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Old Occitan possessiu (c1290 as a grammatical term), Catalan possessiu (1498), Spanish posesivo (1427–8; 1437 as a grammatical term), Portuguese possessivo (16th cent.), Italian possessivo (1321), all adjectives.

A. adj.

1. Grammar. Denoting or indicating possession; indicating that a thing (or person) belongs to some other. possessive adjective n. a word related to a personal or similar pronoun and used as a determiner to modify another noun in the same way as a noun in the possessive case (as English my, your, their, etc.). possessive case n. a name for the genitive case in modern English (indicated by 's added to singular nouns and some plural nouns not ending in -s, and by the apostrophe alone added to the -s of plural nouns and to some singular nouns ending in -s), which expresses possession or close association. possessive pronoun n. a word related to a personal or similar pronoun and used in the same ways as a noun in the possessive case; (also, in more recent use) such a word used as subject, object, or complement (as English mine, yours, theirs, etc.) in contrast with a determiner expressing possession (i.e. a possessive adjective).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > genitive

genitive casea1398

genitivec1400

possessive1755

possessive case1763

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > determiner > [noun] > other specific types of determiner

distributive1530

possessive adjective1870

identifier1938

null1964

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 37 Whenne hyt maketh askyng of possession of a noun adiectyf, thenne me schall answere by a pronoun possessyf, as ‘Hoos cloke is thys?’

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 41 Where as we use our pronownes possessyves.

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xxvi. 1) The piththynesse of the Pronoune possessive (my) is to be noted.

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 305 Modifications of Pronouns... Possessive, denoting a relation of Propriety or Possession unto the person or thing spoken of,..as I, Mine; Who, Whose.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 461. ⁋3 The Poet..lets a Possessive Pronoun go without a Substantive.

1763 R. Lowth Short Introd. Eng. Gram. (ed. 2) 25 This Case answers to the Genitive Case in Latin, and may still be so called; though perhaps more properly the Possessive Case.

1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 109 One substantive governs another signifying a different thing, in the possessive or genitive case.

1850 S. Judd Richard Edney & Governor's Family viii. 121 He had studied grammar, and he knew the apostrophe indicated the possessive case.

1870 J. Helfenstein Compar. Gram. Teutonic Langs. 199 The New Teutonic pronouns take the inflexions of the strong declension of the adjective, where they are used as possessive adjectives, as Germ. mein, meine, mein, gen. meines, meiner, meines.

1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §73 The apostrophe in the possessive case singular marks that the vowel of the syllabic suffix has been lost.

1908 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 8 27 Pronomial suffixes are used both in Egyptian and Semitic for the possessive adjective.

1961 R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts x. 239 An inflected form which functions as a possessive-case singular and also as an indifferent-case plural.

1986 Punch 16 July 23/2 Unfortunately, my aunts could never produce a line like ‘One Easter at our Devonshire Arms Hotel at Bolton Abbey’. It is the plural, ducal, personal, possessive pronoun that rivets the reader to the sentence.

1990 Independent (Nexis) 11 May 16 In the expression ‘waste land of a manor’ the word ‘of’ might be either a possessive genitive or a genitive of origin.

a. Of or relating to possession; indicating possession. Also, of a person: showing a desire to possess or to retain what one possesses; showing jealous tendencies towards another person.In quot. 1578 the sense corresponds to possession n. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > [adjective]

possessive1575

possessionary1659

possessional1848

the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > inordinate or excessive desire > [adjective] > inordinately desirous of possessions

greedya1000

overgreedyOE

avarous1303

covetous1340

concupiscible1398

avaricious1474

silver-sick?a1500

lucrous1511

having1528

lucrative1549

concupiscentious1555

holding1569

griping?1573

concupiscential1577

over-havinga1600

gripulous1614

ingordigious1637

concupitive1651

appropriative1655

lucripetous1675

coveting1699

grasping1747

concupiscenta1834

acquisitive1846

pleonectic1858

big-eye1868

wanting1876

possessive1889

grabby1910

gold-digging1925

territorial1966

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus i. f. 14^v Greit Aduocat with power possessiue.

1578 Lett. Patent in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 678 All such our subiects and others, as shall from time to time hereafter aduenture themselues in the said iournies or voiages habitatiue or possessiue.

1635 F. Quarles Emblemes v. ix. 277 What meane these liv'ries and possessive kayes?

1862 J. Ruskin Unto this Last ii. 65 I can even imagine that England may cast all thoughts of possessive wealth back to the barbaric nations among whom they first arose.

1889 A. M. Jocelyn Distracting Guest II. vii. 129 His manner was kind and considerate..; perhaps a trifle too possessive; but I rejoiced just then in that very possessiveness.

1924 E. O'Neill Desire under Elms i. iv, in Compl. Wks. II. 164 Eben..stares around him with glowing, possessive eyes... It's purty! It's damned purty! It's mine!

1958 P. Gibbs Curtains of Yesterday xx. 170 One of those possessive women who wants to grab everything within reach.

1998 I. McEwan Amsterdam (1999) i. i. 3 How quickly feisty Molly became the sick-room prisoner of her morose, possessive husband, George.

b. Having the quality or character of possessing; holding, or being in, possession. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > [adjective] > possessing

havingOE

replenished1483

possessing1567

possident1625

possessive1838

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila ii. i. 59 The life of the heir-apparent, to the life of the king-possessive, is as the distinction between enchanting hope and tiresome satiety.

1880 R. Broughton Second Thoughts II. iii. x. 274 Her eye, free and possessive, wanders widely round.

B. n.

Grammar. The possessive case; a possessive pronoun or adjective.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > pronoun > [noun] > possessive pronoun

possessivec1450

post-possessive1943

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > genitive

genitive casea1398

genitivec1400

possessive1755

possessive case1763

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 36 How many of these vij deriuatyfys be poscessiues?

1522 J. Vaus Rudimenta ii. sig. ddv How many of thir deriuatiuis ar callit possessiuis? fiue.

1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Gram. sig. B4^v Of pronounes some are primitiues... Some are deriuatiues, called also possessiues.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Possessives in Grammar, are such Adjectives as signifie the Possession of, or Property in some Thing.

1755 S. Johnson Gram. Eng. Tongue in Dict. The possessive of the first person is my, mine, our, ours.

1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §68 The noun in the possessive is in the attributive relation to the noun which stands for what is possessed.

1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §142 Their retained a substantive force after the other possessives had become pronominal adjectives.

1930 Bull. School Oriental Stud. 5 827 The ordinary personal pronouns serve as possessives also... Ke moeŋa 'aŋau, literally, ‘the mat I’, must be translated ‘my mat’.

1960 College Composition & Communication 11 216/1 These types of errors included. sentence sense, paragraph construction, comma errors, spelling, semi-colons, singular-plural, tenses, and possessives.

1990 Trans. Philol. Soc. 88 2 The best documented instance of a language with clitic doubling is Hebrew, and here the phenomenon has the added interest that the clitics involved are not verbal objects, but rather possessives.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	possessive
释义	possessiveadj.n. Brit. /pəˈzɛsɪv/, U.S. /pəˈzɛsɪv/ Forms: late Middle English poscessiue, late Middle English possessyf, 1500s possessiue, 1500s possessyve, 1500s– possessive. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French possessif; Latin possessīvus. Etymology: < Middle French, French possessif, adjective (late 14th cent. designating the grammatical case indicating ownership, first half of the 15th cent. designating possessive pronouns, second half of the 15th cent. in general sense ‘owning’) and noun (mid 14th cent. denoting possessive pronouns, mid 15th cent. denoting the grammatical case, 1596 in sense ‘property’, 1740 denoting possessive adjectives), Middle French possessive , noun (c1370–82 in sense ‘possession’) and its etymon classical Latin possessīvus (in grammar) indicating possession (Quintilian) < possess- , past participial stem of possidēre possess v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Old Occitan possessiu (c1290 as a grammatical term), Catalan possessiu (1498), Spanish posesivo (1427–8; 1437 as a grammatical term), Portuguese possessivo (16th cent.), Italian possessivo (1321), all adjectives. A. adj. 1. Grammar. Denoting or indicating possession; indicating that a thing (or person) belongs to some other. possessive adjective n. a word related to a personal or similar pronoun and used as a determiner to modify another noun in the same way as a noun in the possessive case (as English my, your, their, etc.). possessive case n. a name for the genitive case in modern English (indicated by 's added to singular nouns and some plural nouns not ending in -s, and by the apostrophe alone added to the -s of plural nouns and to some singular nouns ending in -s), which expresses possession or close association. possessive pronoun n. a word related to a personal or similar pronoun and used in the same ways as a noun in the possessive case; (also, in more recent use) such a word used as subject, object, or complement (as English mine, yours, theirs, etc.) in contrast with a determiner expressing possession (i.e. a possessive adjective). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > genitive genitive casea1398 genitivec1400 possessive1755 possessive case1763 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > determiner > [noun] > other specific types of determiner distributive1530 possessive adjective1870 identifier1938 null1964 c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 37 Whenne hyt maketh askyng of possession of a noun adiectyf, thenne me schall answere by a pronoun possessyf, as ‘Hoos cloke is thys?’ 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 41 Where as we use our pronownes possessyves. 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xxvi. 1) The piththynesse of the Pronoune possessive (my) is to be noted. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 305 Modifications of Pronouns... Possessive, denoting a relation of Propriety or Possession unto the person or thing spoken of,..as I, Mine; Who, Whose. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 461. ⁋3 The Poet..lets a Possessive Pronoun go without a Substantive. 1763 R. Lowth Short Introd. Eng. Gram. (ed. 2) 25 This Case answers to the Genitive Case in Latin, and may still be so called; though perhaps more properly the Possessive Case. 1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 109 One substantive governs another signifying a different thing, in the possessive or genitive case. 1850 S. Judd Richard Edney & Governor's Family viii. 121 He had studied grammar, and he knew the apostrophe indicated the possessive case. 1870 J. Helfenstein Compar. Gram. Teutonic Langs. 199 The New Teutonic pronouns take the inflexions of the strong declension of the adjective, where they are used as possessive adjectives, as Germ. mein, meine, mein, gen. meines, meiner, meines. 1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §73 The apostrophe in the possessive case singular marks that the vowel of the syllabic suffix has been lost. 1908 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 8 27 Pronomial suffixes are used both in Egyptian and Semitic for the possessive adjective. 1961 R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts x. 239 An inflected form which functions as a possessive-case singular and also as an indifferent-case plural. 1986 Punch 16 July 23/2 Unfortunately, my aunts could never produce a line like ‘One Easter at our Devonshire Arms Hotel at Bolton Abbey’. It is the plural, ducal, personal, possessive pronoun that rivets the reader to the sentence. 1990 Independent (Nexis) 11 May 16 In the expression ‘waste land of a manor’ the word ‘of’ might be either a possessive genitive or a genitive of origin. 2. a. Of or relating to possession; indicating possession. Also, of a person: showing a desire to possess or to retain what one possesses; showing jealous tendencies towards another person.In quot. 1578 the sense corresponds to possession n. 5. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > [adjective] possessive1575 possessionary1659 possessional1848 the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > inordinate or excessive desire > [adjective] > inordinately desirous of possessions greedya1000 overgreedyOE avarous1303 covetous1340 concupiscible1398 avaricious1474 silver-sick?a1500 lucrous1511 having1528 lucrative1549 concupiscentious1555 holding1569 griping?1573 concupiscential1577 over-havinga1600 gripulous1614 ingordigious1637 concupitive1651 appropriative1655 lucripetous1675 coveting1699 grasping1747 concupiscenta1834 acquisitive1846 pleonectic1858 big-eye1868 wanting1876 possessive1889 grabby1910 gold-digging1925 territorial1966 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus i. f. 14^v Greit Aduocat with power possessiue. 1578 Lett. Patent in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 678 All such our subiects and others, as shall from time to time hereafter aduenture themselues in the said iournies or voiages habitatiue or possessiue. 1635 F. Quarles Emblemes v. ix. 277 What meane these liv'ries and possessive kayes? 1862 J. Ruskin Unto this Last ii. 65 I can even imagine that England may cast all thoughts of possessive wealth back to the barbaric nations among whom they first arose. 1889 A. M. Jocelyn Distracting Guest II. vii. 129 His manner was kind and considerate..; perhaps a trifle too possessive; but I rejoiced just then in that very possessiveness. 1924 E. O'Neill Desire under Elms i. iv, in Compl. Wks. II. 164 Eben..stares around him with glowing, possessive eyes... It's purty! It's damned purty! It's mine! 1958 P. Gibbs Curtains of Yesterday xx. 170 One of those possessive women who wants to grab everything within reach. 1998 I. McEwan Amsterdam (1999) i. i. 3 How quickly feisty Molly became the sick-room prisoner of her morose, possessive husband, George. b. Having the quality or character of possessing; holding, or being in, possession. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > [adjective] > possessing havingOE replenished1483 possessing1567 possident1625 possessive1838 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila ii. i. 59 The life of the heir-apparent, to the life of the king-possessive, is as the distinction between enchanting hope and tiresome satiety. 1880 R. Broughton Second Thoughts II. iii. x. 274 Her eye, free and possessive, wanders widely round. B. n. Grammar. The possessive case; a possessive pronoun or adjective. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > pronoun > [noun] > possessive pronoun possessivec1450 post-possessive1943 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > genitive genitive casea1398 genitivec1400 possessive1755 possessive case1763 c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 36 How many of these vij deriuatyfys be poscessiues? 1522 J. Vaus Rudimenta ii. sig. ddv How many of thir deriuatiuis ar callit possessiuis? fiue. 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Gram. sig. B4^v Of pronounes some are primitiues... Some are deriuatiues, called also possessiues. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Possessives in Grammar, are such Adjectives as signifie the Possession of, or Property in some Thing. 1755 S. Johnson Gram. Eng. Tongue in Dict. The possessive of the first person is my, mine, our, ours. 1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §68 The noun in the possessive is in the attributive relation to the noun which stands for what is possessed. 1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §142 Their retained a substantive force after the other possessives had become pronominal adjectives. 1930 Bull. School Oriental Stud. 5 827 The ordinary personal pronouns serve as possessives also... Ke moeŋa 'aŋau, literally, ‘the mat I’, must be translated ‘my mat’. 1960 College Composition & Communication 11 216/1 These types of errors included. sentence sense, paragraph construction, comma errors, spelling, semi-colons, singular-plural, tenses, and possessives. 1990 Trans. Philol. Soc. 88 2 The best documented instance of a language with clitic doubling is Hebrew, and here the phenomenon has the added interest that the clitics involved are not verbal objects, but rather possessives. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1450
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