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Portugaln.adj.  Brit.  /ˈpɔːtʃᵿɡl/, /ˈpɔːtjᵿɡl/, U.S. /ˈpɔrtʃəɡ(ə)l/ (in sense A. 3) Caribbean English /ˈpoː(r)tʃʊɡal/, /ˈpoː(r)tʊɡal/Origin: From a proper name; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: proper name Portugal. Etymology: < the name of Portugal (Portuguese Portugal; for the forms of the name in English, and for the geographical reference of the place name in earlier periods, see notes below) < post-classical Latin Portugal (10th cent.; also as Portugale (10th cent.), and earlier as Portugali (7th–8th cent.), Portucale , Portumcale (both 5th cent.)) < Portus Cale , the name of a pre-Roman or Roman settlement at the mouth of the river Douro, near the modern city of Oporto (see note below). In α. forms ultimately after Middle French Portingal (c1342 or earlier), a variant of the place name with intrusive -n- (compare discussion at messenger n., passenger n.); compare Middle French portingalois (noun) inhabitant of Portugal (first half of the 15th cent. or earlier in feminine form portingaloise), (adjective) of, originating from, or belonging to Portugal (first half of the 15th cent. or earlier).The name of the settlement at the mouth of the river Douro was extended in the early Middle Ages to the region between the rivers Douro and Minho, in which sense it is attested from at least the 9th cent. This region became a county, the core territory of the future kingdom of Portugal. In 1139 Count Afonso Henriques (?1109–85) assumed the title of king; Portugal's independence was definitively recognized by a treaty with the Holy See in 1179. Compare the following examples illustrating forms of the place name Portugal in English:α. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 116 Another wif..he wedded..þe princes douȝter of portingale.c1390 G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale 4649 Hym nedeth nat his colour for to dyen With brasile ne with greyn of Portyngale [v.r. portyngal].1443 in E. M. Carus-Wilson Overseas Trade Bristol in Later Middle Ages (1937) 76 Þei were of þe londe of Portingale.a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 1 Here bygynneth a good tale of Torrente of Portyngale.?a1550 Sir A. Barton in Surtees Misc. (1888) 72 Full longe against Portingaill they weare.a1618 W. Raleigh Apol. Voy. Guiana 9 in Judicious & Sel. Ess. (1650) A French Shallop which he tooke in the Bay of Portingall.1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI xlv. 86 With ‘Tu mi chamas's’ from Portingale.β. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Bjv The Kynge of Portugall [L. rex Lusitaniae] subdued this cytie.1588 (title) A true discourse of the armie which the King of Spaine caused to be assembled in the hauen of Lisbon, in the Kingdome of Portugall..against England.1602 E. Hayes in J. Brereton Briefe Relation Discouerie Virginia 15 The kings of Portugall and Spaine doe holde and enioy their ample and rich kingdomes in their Indies East and West.a1682 Sir T. Browne Let. to Friend (1690) 4 He that is tabidly inclined, were unwise to pass his days in Portugal.1776 W. J. Mickle in tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad Introd. p. cxxxiv In this unborrowing sameness, he artfully interweaves the history of Portugal.1883 F. Day Indian Fish 17 The Samorin, in 1513, sent a deputation to Portugal.1977 Observer 20 Nov. (Colour Suppl.) 93 Portugal from the Latin portus cale = warm harbour. Originally referred to the ice-free harbour at Oporto. With sense A. 1 compare earlier Portyugalens (plural) inhabitants of Portugal (one isolated attestation; < post-classical Latin Portugalensis : see Portuguese n. and adj.):1456–8 in 5th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1876) App. 521 in Parl. Papers (C. 1432) XL. 1 Paid in expenses..for other mo personys beyng here to make acorde by twene maisturs of botys of this towne and the Portyugalens..7s. 4d. With sense A. 2 compare slightly earlier portague n. and later Portuguese n. 2. A. n. 1. the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Portugal > [noun] α. a1497 in T. Dickson (1877) I. 383 Item,..in Dunbertane, to the Portingales in almous,..xviij.s. 1534 J. A. Borough Let. 21 Jan. in (P.R.O.: SP 3/2/4) f. 5 Y delyverd yowr letter vn to the porttyngall & schowd hem yowr lordschypps plesur Consarng the suger. 1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti ii. xxxii. 111 Among a number of other, I cured a Portingale. 1601 Shipping Lists of Dundee in (1898) 70 In Sant Amart for the Portanegall and meat thre sindray taymeis. the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Romance > Portuguese 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza 251 A man, who was a Chino called Canguin, and could speake Portugal [Sp. portugues]. 1698 J. Fryer 9 Their Speech is broken Portugal. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Portuguese coins 1546–7 in J. W. Clay (1902) VI. 255 Mr Palmer to have a portyngall of golde for his paynes. the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > other sweets 1560 H. Machyn (1848) 237 Pepyns and marmelade, and sukett, comfets, and portynggalles and dyvers odur dyssys. 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons 112 [Pears:] Sommer Portugal. 1930 24 May 4 Mangoes and coconuts, plantains and bananas, portugals and melongenes. 1971 R. Howe Gloss. 119 s.v. Portingale, An orange from Portugal. 1996 R. Allsopp (at cited word) The names portugals, mandarins are loosely interchangeable in Trin, the former being commoner, however, and, for those who make the difference, a larger type than mandarins. B. adj. ( attributive). the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Portugal > [adjective] the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Iberian peninsula and islands > [adjective] > Portugal α. 1498 in T. Dickson (1877) I. 388 Giffen to the Portingale man of the west see for the brokin schip that the King bocht. 1545 sig. cijv Portyngale skynnes the dossen. c1550 in (1982) 107 189/1 Ordenaunce Artillery munycons and habillements of warre..Portingle bases of yron. 1601 W. Parry 27 There came newes of a Portingall fryer. 1655 (title) The Lusiad..written in the Portingall language by Luis De Camoens..put into English by Richard Fanshawe. 1711 E. Freke Diary 16 Oct. in (1912) 18 205 1 Red Portingall Tea Pott & Its Cover 5 Red portingall Cups to Itt. Compounds In names of species and varieties of plants. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > other berry-bushes and their fruit 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Corema, Portugal Crakeberry. An erect much-branched low shrub of rigid habit, closely allied to Empetrum. 1918 A. S. Fuller xix. 266 Corema (Portugal crakeberry). the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > prunus trees or shrubs > [noun] 1731 P. Miller I. at Laurocerasus, Laurocerasus Lusitanica, minor Tourn. The Dwarf Portugal Laurel, call'd Asarero. 1839 P. J. Selby in 1 No. 7. 191 The Portugal Laurel..was not..injured. 1914 W. J. Bean II. 241 In all but the coldest parts of Great Britain the Portugal laurel is one of the handsomest and most effective of evergreens. 1993 13 Nov. (Weekend Suppl.) 5/2 So alike is Portugal laurel, Prunus lusitanica, to a citrus bush that one could easily take one for the other. 1731 P. Miller I. at Melo Small round Musk Melon, commonly call'd The Portugal or Pocket Melon. 1763 J. Mills IV. 170 The small Portugal melon, which some call the Dormer melon, may also be cultivated for an early crop. It is a pretty good fruit..: but it falls greatly short of the Cantaleupe, in point of flavour. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > onion, leek, or garlic > [noun] > onion > types of onion the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > onion, leek, or garlic > onion > other types of onion 1647 W. Lilly ii. liv. 398 I..heavily complained to the woman for seven Portugall Onyons which I lost; she not knowing what they were, made pottage with them, as she said. 1783 J. Woodforde 21 Nov. (1926) II. 107 Mr. Priest..made me this morning a Present of a fine String of the real Portugal Onions 20 in No. 1824 J. C. Loudon (ed. 2) iii. i. 639 True Portugal onion of the fruiterers; large, flatly globular, mild; does not keep well. 1845 E. Acton iii. 97 The meat may then be stewed..with a Portugal onion. 1701 tr. N. Gervaise i. 19 They know when these Mangues are ripe, when they can peel them with their Nails, as they do the Portugal Oranges [Fr. Oranges de Portugal]. 1850 25 Dec. 3/5 As we have certain cottons and hardwares to sell, and Portugal oranges to buy, we may need ‘some kind of consul’. 1912 W. Tibbles xxiii. 619 The Portugal or Lisbon orange is the most common of all the subvarieties... It is distinguished by the rough, thick skin of a deep orange or reddish-yellow colour. 2000 (Nexis) 27 Sept. 10 During the 16th century a new type of orange, the Portugal orange (Citrus sinensis), appeared in Europe as small trees brought by Portuguese merchants returning from India. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > shell-fish or mollusc > oyster the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Ostreidae > crassostrea angulata 1890 J. R. Philpots I. xxiv. 570 The Portugal oyster has appeared for the last two or three years in our markets. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > peach > other types of peach 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 72 in August... Fruits in Prime... Portugal Peach, Crown Peach, Bourdeaux Peach. 1731 P. Miller I. at Persica The Portugal Peach is a fair, large, beautiful Fruit, of a deep red Colour towards the Sun..the Flesh is very firm, of a rich vinous Flavour, and adheres closely to the Stone [etc.]. 1785 G. Washington 11 Mar. (1978) IV. 101 Brought 9 Scions of the Portugal Peach from Mr Cockburn with me. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > quince the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > pear-tree > quince-tree 1629 J. Parkinson iv. xx. 589 The Portingall Apple Quince is a great yellow Quince... The Portingall Peare Quince is not fit to be eaten rawe like the former.] 1653 R. Austen 58 The English and Portingall Quince. 1824 J. C. Loudon (ed. 2) iii. i. 710 The Portugal quince.., with obovate leaves, and an oblong fruit, which is more juicy and less harsh than the others, and therefore the most valuable. 1925 D. Monroe & L. M. Stratton xxii. 223 The Portugal quince is a large yellow fruit, not quite so strong in flavor, nor so astringent, as the smaller varieties. 2002 (Nexis) 2 Feb. 12 So we plunged into his stock.., dragged saplings aside and squinted at labels, emerging without a walnut but otherwise completely triumphant, especially when Stewart turned up a Portugal Quince. Derivatives society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > nationalism > [noun] > other spec. 1676 in J. T. Wheeler (1862) III. 419/1 [Portuguese Padrys] who used to entail Portugalism as well as Christianity on all their converts. the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Portugal > [noun] 1601 W. Fulbecke i. 21 The Portugallians make villaines of the Mahometistes which they sell by companies. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adj.a1497 |