portreeven.

Brit.

/ˈpɔːtriːv/, U.S.

/ˈpɔrtˌriv/

Forms:

α. Old English portgerefa, Old English portgereua, Old English portigerefa, Old English portirefa, early Middle English portegerefa, early Middle English porterefan (plural), early Middle English porterefe, early Middle English portgerefe, early Middle English portireue, early Middle English portyreue, Middle English portereue, Middle English portereve, 1500s portereffe (Irish English), 1500s porteryve.

β. late Old English portreua, Middle English portreue, Middle English–1700s portreve, 1500s–1600s portreeue, 1600s portreive, 1600s portriefe (Welsh English (Pembrokeshire)), 1600s– portreeve, 1700s portrieve; also Irish English 1500s portrief (Wexford), 1600s portriff, 1600s portriffe.

γ. 1500s portgereue, 1500s–1600s portgraue, 1500s–1700s portgreue, 1500s–1700s portgreve, 1600s–1700s portgrave, 1700s portgreeve.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: port n.², English gerēfa.

Etymology: < port n.² + Old English gerēfa reeve n.¹ Compare post-classical Latin portegravius, portgravius, portgrefius, portgrevius (from a1300 in British sources (London)), also portrevus (1577 in a British source (Sussex)). Old Icelandic port-greifi is < Old English.In γ. forms probably partly scribal modifications of the Old English form, and partly after Middle Dutch portgrave (early modern Dutch poortgrave (1599 in Kiliaan)) and the synonymous grieve n. and grave n.³ Use of the word in sense 2 apparently arises as a result of misinterpretration of the first element as port n.¹ (compare portmoot n. and port-sale n.).

1. Originally: the governor or chief officer of a town or borough; = borough-reeve n. a. After the Norman Conquest: a person equivalent in rank and office to a town mayor (now chiefly historical, but still current in a small number of boroughs, esp. in south-west England and Wales). Also: an officer subordinate to a mayor; a bailiff.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor

borough-reevec1000

portreeveOE

sovereigna1325

mayorc1325

Lord Mayor1414

wick-master1587

α.

OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 88 Hic praefectus urbis, ðes portgerefa oððe burhealdor.

OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 55 Municeps, portgerefa uel burhwita.

OE Royal Charter: William I to Bp. William, Gosfrith the Portreeve, & Burghers of London in A. J. Robertson Laws Kings England (1925) 230 Willelm kyng gret Willelm bisceop & Gosfregð portirefan & ealle þa burhwaru binnan Londone, Frencisce & Englisce, freondlice.

lOE Laws of Edward the Elder (Rochester) i. i. 138 Ic wille, ðæt..nan man ne ceapige butan porte, ac hæbbe þæs portgerefan gewitnesse oððe oþera ungeligenra manna, ðe man gelyfan mæge.

a1300 ( Charter: Brihtmær to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 1234) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 216 Hierto byeth, ywitnesse Lyefstan portireue and biscop, and Eylwine stikehare.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 11223 (MED) Suþþe þe portereues house hii sette afure anon.

1449 Rolls of Parl. V. 155/2 The Maire, Baillifs, Porterevys..have full autorite and pouere to areste..tho Shippes.

1556 Acts Privy Council Ireland in 15th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS. (1897) App. iii. 15 The portereeffe of Atheboye viii [archers on horseback]... The portereffe, of Trym iii archers [on horseback]. The portereffe, of the Novan iiii [archers on horseback].

β. lOE Manumission, Exeter (Exeter 3501) in J. Earle Hand-bk. Land-charters (1888) 258 Þar to ys iwitnis Ricard se portreua.c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 11205 (MED) Willam þe spicer & geffray of hencsei..were Portreuen.c1330 Gregorius (Auch.) (1914) 500 (MED) He tok his in as kniȝt large; To þe portreues hous he ȝede.c1390 Gregorius (Vernon) (1914) 102 (MED) Þe portreue wuste what he ment.a1443 in Cal. Proc. Chancery Queen Elizabeth (1827) I. p. xxxix (MED) John atte Fenne and John Broun..to do the office of bailliship and of portreve wythynne the saide burgh.1541 in P. H. Hore Hist. Wexford (1900) I. 242 [Not to sell] any franke tenement..to any forrener, without speciall license of the Soverayne and Portriefs.a1612 J. Harington Let. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 35 Mr. Hammon..who is this year Port Reeve of Trim, as much in effect as Mayor.1660 in J. Simon Ess. Irish Coins (1749) 127 All mayors, sheriffs, portriffs, baylifs, and other chief officers of corporations.1702 London Gaz. No. 3809/5 An humble Address of the Portrieves, Burgesses, and Freemen, of the ancient Borough of Tulske, in the County of Roscomon.a1722 J. Toland Coll. Several Pieces (1726) I. 464 There are..Chambers in each City..under the..direction of the Magistrates, viz. The Mayor and..Corporation; or by whatever other name the chief Magistrate may be call'd, as Soverain, Portreeve, Bailiff.1790 M. Dunsford Hist. Mem. Tiverton iv. 180 Anno 1603. The potwalladers elected two burgesses to represent the borough of Tiverton... They were returned by the portreeve.1824 F. Hitchins & S. Drew Hist. Cornwall I. xvii. §17. 650 Formerly the government [of Tregony] was vested in a portreeve or mayor.1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Reeve, the chief officer in the ancient borough of Warkworth. He is to this day usually styled the ‘borough-reeve’ or ‘port-reeve’ at that town.1934 D. Thomas Let. 21 May (1985) 138 I shall drink beer with the portreeve [sc. mayor].1997 S. Leigh & S. Taylor Livery Companies City London (Corporation of London) 26 Before then [i.e. 1189] London was ruled by the Sheriffs and a Portreeve, who was the official responsible to the King for the actions of the town or city whose government he headed.2005 Evening Herald (Plymouth) (Nexis) 13 Jan. 17 Taking part with the Pascoes with their respective consorts will be South East Cornwall MP Colin Breed, the deputy lieutenant of Cornwall,..the mayors of Liskeard, Looe, Saltash and Torpoint and the portreeve of Callington.γ. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. Prol. f. i At the commynge of Wyllyam Conquerour into this londe..the Rulers of y^e sayd citezens [were] named Portgreuis, which worde is diriuat or made of .ii. saxon wordis, as port and Greve, port is to mean a Towne, and greue is ment for a Gardyen or Ruler.1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 83 The same before tyme was gouerned by persones graue and wyse, and were named Portgreues, or rather Portgraues, the which is deriued of..Greue, or rather Graue, for so are the rulers of the townes in Duchelande called at this day.1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 417 In the time of King Henry the second, Peter Fitz Walter was Portgraue [of London].1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 378 Portgraue and principall Magistrate..of this Citie.1720 Magna Britannia I. 479 The Government of this City was at First in Four Bailiffs, called by the Saxons Portgreeves; but afterwards they were styled Provosts and Stewards.1772 Jacob's Law Dict. (ed. 9) Instead of the portgreve [of London], Richard the first ordained two bailiffs, but presently after him King John granted them a mayor for their yearly magistrate.

†2. The reeve of a seaport town. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > of a sea-port

portreeve1607

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ccc3/1 Portgreue..signifieth with vs the chiefe magistrate in certaine coast townes.

a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) i. 34 That Officer called Portgreve, which signifieth the Governor of the Port.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Port-Greve, was antiently the principal Magistrate in several Maritime Towns.

1872 W. H. Dixon W. Penn (rev. ed.) i. 6 When the country wanted fleets,..she had only to send for the portreeves and masters of companies.

Derivatives

† portreeveship n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > position of

mayoralty1387

portreeveship1467

mayorship1476

mayorhood1556

mayordom1566

mayoraltyship1582

chair1682

Lord Mayoralty1763

1467–8 Rolls of Parl. V. 593/2 Thoffice of Portreveship of Prestende.

1487 Rolls of Parl. VI. 406/2 The Portreveshipp of Llanvayr in Buelld.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	portreeve
释义	portreeven. Brit. /ˈpɔːtriːv/, U.S. /ˈpɔrtˌriv/ Forms: α. Old English portgerefa, Old English portgereua, Old English portigerefa, Old English portirefa, early Middle English portegerefa, early Middle English porterefan (plural), early Middle English porterefe, early Middle English portgerefe, early Middle English portireue, early Middle English portyreue, Middle English portereue, Middle English portereve, 1500s portereffe (Irish English), 1500s porteryve. β. late Old English portreua, Middle English portreue, Middle English–1700s portreve, 1500s–1600s portreeue, 1600s portreive, 1600s portriefe (Welsh English (Pembrokeshire)), 1600s– portreeve, 1700s portrieve; also Irish English 1500s portrief (Wexford), 1600s portriff, 1600s portriffe. γ. 1500s portgereue, 1500s–1600s portgraue, 1500s–1700s portgreue, 1500s–1700s portgreve, 1600s–1700s portgrave, 1700s portgreeve. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: port n.², English gerēfa. Etymology: < port n.² + Old English gerēfa reeve n.¹ Compare post-classical Latin portegravius, portgravius, portgrefius, portgrevius (from a1300 in British sources (London)), also portrevus (1577 in a British source (Sussex)). Old Icelandic port-greifi is < Old English.In γ. forms probably partly scribal modifications of the Old English form, and partly after Middle Dutch portgrave (early modern Dutch poortgrave (1599 in Kiliaan)) and the synonymous grieve n. and grave n.³ Use of the word in sense 2 apparently arises as a result of misinterpretration of the first element as port n.¹ (compare portmoot n. and port-sale n.). 1. Originally: the governor or chief officer of a town or borough; = borough-reeve n. a. After the Norman Conquest: a person equivalent in rank and office to a town mayor (now chiefly historical, but still current in a small number of boroughs, esp. in south-west England and Wales). Also: an officer subordinate to a mayor; a bailiff. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor borough-reevec1000 portreeveOE sovereigna1325 mayorc1325 Lord Mayor1414 wick-master1587 α. OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 88 Hic praefectus urbis, ðes portgerefa oððe burhealdor. OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 55 Municeps, portgerefa uel burhwita. OE Royal Charter: William I to Bp. William, Gosfrith the Portreeve, & Burghers of London in A. J. Robertson Laws Kings England (1925) 230 Willelm kyng gret Willelm bisceop & Gosfregð portirefan & ealle þa burhwaru binnan Londone, Frencisce & Englisce, freondlice. lOE Laws of Edward the Elder (Rochester) i. i. 138 Ic wille, ðæt..nan man ne ceapige butan porte, ac hæbbe þæs portgerefan gewitnesse oððe oþera ungeligenra manna, ðe man gelyfan mæge. a1300 ( Charter: Brihtmær to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 1234) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 216 Hierto byeth, ywitnesse Lyefstan portireue and biscop, and Eylwine stikehare. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 11223 (MED) Suþþe þe portereues house hii sette afure anon. 1449 Rolls of Parl. V. 155/2 The Maire, Baillifs, Porterevys..have full autorite and pouere to areste..tho Shippes. 1556 Acts Privy Council Ireland in 15th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS. (1897) App. iii. 15 The portereeffe of Atheboye viii [archers on horseback]... The portereffe, of Trym iii archers [on horseback]. The portereffe, of the Novan iiii [archers on horseback]. β. lOE Manumission, Exeter (Exeter 3501) in J. Earle Hand-bk. Land-charters (1888) 258 Þar to ys iwitnis Ricard se portreua.c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 11205 (MED) Willam þe spicer & geffray of hencsei..were Portreuen.c1330 Gregorius (Auch.) (1914) 500 (MED) He tok his in as kniȝt large; To þe portreues hous he ȝede.c1390 Gregorius (Vernon) (1914) 102 (MED) Þe portreue wuste what he ment.a1443 in Cal. Proc. Chancery Queen Elizabeth (1827) I. p. xxxix (MED) John atte Fenne and John Broun..to do the office of bailliship and of portreve wythynne the saide burgh.1541 in P. H. Hore Hist. Wexford (1900) I. 242 [Not to sell] any franke tenement..to any forrener, without speciall license of the Soverayne and Portriefs.a1612 J. Harington Let. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 35 Mr. Hammon..who is this year Port Reeve of Trim, as much in effect as Mayor.1660 in J. Simon Ess. Irish Coins (1749) 127 All mayors, sheriffs, portriffs, baylifs, and other chief officers of corporations.1702 London Gaz. No. 3809/5 An humble Address of the Portrieves, Burgesses, and Freemen, of the ancient Borough of Tulske, in the County of Roscomon.a1722 J. Toland Coll. Several Pieces (1726) I. 464 There are..Chambers in each City..under the..direction of the Magistrates, viz. The Mayor and..Corporation; or by whatever other name the chief Magistrate may be call'd, as Soverain, Portreeve, Bailiff.1790 M. Dunsford Hist. Mem. Tiverton iv. 180 Anno 1603. The potwalladers elected two burgesses to represent the borough of Tiverton... They were returned by the portreeve.1824 F. Hitchins & S. Drew Hist. Cornwall I. xvii. §17. 650 Formerly the government [of Tregony] was vested in a portreeve or mayor.1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Reeve, the chief officer in the ancient borough of Warkworth. He is to this day usually styled the ‘borough-reeve’ or ‘port-reeve’ at that town.1934 D. Thomas Let. 21 May (1985) 138 I shall drink beer with the portreeve [sc. mayor].1997 S. Leigh & S. Taylor Livery Companies City London (Corporation of London) 26 Before then [i.e. 1189] London was ruled by the Sheriffs and a Portreeve, who was the official responsible to the King for the actions of the town or city whose government he headed.2005 Evening Herald (Plymouth) (Nexis) 13 Jan. 17 Taking part with the Pascoes with their respective consorts will be South East Cornwall MP Colin Breed, the deputy lieutenant of Cornwall,..the mayors of Liskeard, Looe, Saltash and Torpoint and the portreeve of Callington.γ. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. Prol. f. i At the commynge of Wyllyam Conquerour into this londe..the Rulers of y^e sayd citezens [were] named Portgreuis, which worde is diriuat or made of .ii. saxon wordis, as port and Greve, port is to mean a Towne, and greue is ment for a Gardyen or Ruler.1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 83 The same before tyme was gouerned by persones graue and wyse, and were named Portgreues, or rather Portgraues, the which is deriued of..Greue, or rather Graue, for so are the rulers of the townes in Duchelande called at this day.1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 417 In the time of King Henry the second, Peter Fitz Walter was Portgraue [of London].1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 378 Portgraue and principall Magistrate..of this Citie.1720 Magna Britannia I. 479 The Government of this City was at First in Four Bailiffs, called by the Saxons Portgreeves; but afterwards they were styled Provosts and Stewards.1772 Jacob's Law Dict. (ed. 9) Instead of the portgreve [of London], Richard the first ordained two bailiffs, but presently after him King John granted them a mayor for their yearly magistrate. †2. The reeve of a seaport town. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > of a sea-port portreeve1607 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ccc3/1 Portgreue..signifieth with vs the chiefe magistrate in certaine coast townes. a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) i. 34 That Officer called Portgreve, which signifieth the Governor of the Port. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Port-Greve, was antiently the principal Magistrate in several Maritime Towns. 1872 W. H. Dixon W. Penn (rev. ed.) i. 6 When the country wanted fleets,..she had only to send for the portreeves and masters of companies. Derivatives † portreeveship n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor > position of mayoralty1387 portreeveship1467 mayorship1476 mayorhood1556 mayordom1566 mayoraltyship1582 chair1682 Lord Mayoralty1763 1467–8 Rolls of Parl. V. 593/2 Thoffice of Portreveship of Prestende. 1487 Rolls of Parl. VI. 406/2 The Portreveshipp of Llanvayr in Buelld. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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