ponderv.

Brit.

/ˈpɒndə/, U.S.

/ˈpɑndər/

Forms: Middle English pondour, Middle English pondur, Middle English pondyr, Middle English pundred (past tense), Middle English–1500s pondre, Middle English–1600s pounder, Middle English– ponder, 1500s pondir (Scottish), 1500s pondur, 1800s– punder (English regional (Westmorland)). N.E.D. (1907) also records a form late Middle English punder.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French ponderer; Latin ponderāre.

Etymology: < Middle French ponderer (French pondérer ) to assess mentally, to appraise, consider (c1355 in a translation of Livy; rare in this sense after 16th cent.; now chiefly in sense ‘to balance (two objects)’ (late 18th cent.)) and its etymon classical Latin ponderāre to weigh, to weigh up, to appraise < ponder- , pondus pondus n. Compare Spanish ponderar (1422 or earlier, earliest in mental use), Italian ponderare (14th cent. in senses 2b (now obsolete in this sense) and 1a).Classical Latin ponderāre was earlier borrowed into Old English as apyndrian to weigh in the balance, apundrian to adjudge (each in one isolated attestation; compare a- prefix¹). The simplex is not attested in Old English, but compare also the related Old English pundere scholar, lit. ‘person who weighs things up’ (one isolated attestation). It is possible that Middle French ponderer may have reinforced an existing word.

†1.

a. transitive. To estimate or reckon the worth, value, or amount of; to appraise, judge. Also with with: to evaluate (something) against (something else). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)]

talec897

ween971

takec1175

weigha1200

deem?c1225

judge?c1225

guessc1330

reta1382

accounta1387

aretc1386

assize1393

consider1398

ponder?a1400

adjudgec1440

reckonc1440

peisec1460

ponderate?a1475

poisea1483

trutinate1528

steem1535

rate?1555

sense1564

compute1604

censure1605

cast1606

cense1606

estimate1651

audit1655

state1671

balance1692

esteem1711

appraise1823

figure1854

tally1860

revalue1894

lowball1973

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 110 (MED) Steuen..þe coroune of Inglond wan, Þe date of Jhesu pundred, þat men tellis bi, A þousand & a hundred & sex & þritti.

c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 155 Eche man dede aught to be poundred or demed [?a1475 anon. tr. ponderate; L. librari] after þe entencioun of hym þat doþ.

c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 23 To pondyr the dayes of grete festes with the dayes of abstinence.

1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xi. f. 27 Vertues are not to bee pondered by the sexe or kynde, by whom thei be doen, but by the minde.

b. transitive. To find or make out (a way, a path); to explore. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > research > find out by investigation [verb (transitive)] > by inspection or consideration

findOE

ponder1539

1539 Bible (Great) Prov. v. 2 Parchause thou dwellynge with her wylt ponder the path of lyfe?

1648 Information of Present Condition of Affairs 8 Their way hath not been straight before the Lord who searches the hearts and ponders the paithes.

1816 J. Marsden Mission 28 In reason's balance every action weigh, Ponder each path and second thoughts obey.

1816 H. Ker Trav. Western Interior U.S. 117 Expecting he should have to ponder his way through wilderness on foot.

†2.

a. intransitive. With complement. Of an object or substance: to weigh (a specified amount); to be of (so much) in weight. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain weight [verb (intransitive)] > weigh (a specific amount)

weighc1000

peisea1382

weighc1386

poise1389

ponder?a1425

to turn the scale1600

ponderize1634

heft1851

avoirdupois1854

scale1862

to tip the scales1884

to weigh in1909

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 73 A malle..oweþ to be of lede in litel quantite þat it ponder [?c1425 Paris weie; L. ponderet] more.

1524 in G. Oliver Hist. Coll. (1841) App. 17 On [chales]..all goolde, with the Patent of goolde ponderyng 15 oz. 10dwt.

1553 in W. Page Inventories Church Goods York, Durham & Northumberland (1897) 92 One chalise of sylver, pondring iiij unces.

b. transitive. To ascertain the weight of; to weigh. Also figurative. Obsolete. rare after 17th cent.In later figurative use passing into sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain the weight of [verb (transitive)]

weighc1000

aweighOE

peisea1382

poise1458

ponder?1518

pound1570

tron1609

perpenda1612

librate1623

scale1691

weight1734

?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Bvi This longyth vnto the man prudent To ponder al his dedes and warkes in balance Of reason.

1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. Prol. f. ii^v To ponder & way the dregges or porcions the whiche ought to be ministred.

1645 J. Ussher Body of Divinitie 203 A Rule, Line, Square, Measure, and Ballance, whereby must be framed, ordered, measured, and pondered.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 1003 Th' Eternal to prevent such horrid fray Hung forth in Heav'n his golden Scales..now [He] ponders all events.

1671 K. George Light of Glorious Gospel of Jesus Christ 21 Let the Judicious Reader weigh and ponder this; in the true Ballance, and hee wil find it weighty.

1864 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 7) 493 There, Still, by her balance, sits everlasting doubt Poising and pondering all things.

c. transitive. To support or bear the weight of. In quot. figurative. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)]

thave835

i-dreeeOE

tholec897

abeareOE

underbearc950

adreeOE

dreeOE

driveOE

i-tholeOE

throwOE

underfoc1000

bearOE

bidec1200

suffera1250

abidec1275

drinka1340

endure1340

underfong1382

receivec1384

abyea1393

sustain1398

finda1400

undergoa1400

get?c1430

underganga1470

ponder?a1525

a dog's lifea1528

tolerate1531

to stand to ——1540

to feel the weight of?1553

enjoy1577

carry1583

abrook1594

to stand under ——a1616

to fall a victim to1764

the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (transitive)]

thave835

i-dreeeOE

tholec897

underbearc950

adreeOE

dreeOE

driveOE

i-tholeOE

throwOE

underfoc1000

bearOE

takec1175

bidec1200

suffera1250

leadc1330

drinka1340

endure1340

wielda1375

underfong1382

receivec1384

sustain1398

finda1400

undergoa1400

underganga1470

ponder?a1525

tolerate1531

to go through ——1535

to feel the weight of?1553

enjoy1577

carry1583

abrook1594

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain weight [verb (intransitive)]

weigh1362

ponder?a1525

?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection i. 217 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 179 For our faithe & fidelitee, He ponderite the rigore, Off his passion.

a. transitive. To weigh (a matter, words, etc.) mentally, esp. before making a decision or reaching a conclusion; to think over, consider, or reflect on; to wonder about. Frequently with clause as object.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]

i-thenchec897

showeOE

i-mune971

thinkOE

overthinkOE

takec1175

umbethinkc1175

waltc1200

bethinkc1220

wend?c1225

weighc1380

delivera1382

peisea1382

considerc1385

musec1390

to look over ——a1393

advise?c1400

debatec1400

roll?c1400

revert?a1425

advertc1425

deliberc1425

movec1425

musec1425

revolvec1425

contemplec1429

overseec1440

to think overc1440

perpend1447

roil1447

pondera1450

to eat inc1450

involvec1470

ponderate?a1475

reputec1475

counterpoise1477

poisea1483

traversec1487

umbecast1487

digest1488

undercast1489

overhalec1500

rumble1519

volve?1520

compassa1522

recount1526

trutinate1528

cast1530

expend1531

ruminate1533

concoct1534

contemplate1538

deliberate1540

revolute1553

chawa1558

to turn over1568

cud1569

cogitate1570

huik1570

chew1579

meditatec1580

discourse1581

speculate1599

theorize1599

scance1603

verse1614

pensitate1623

agitate1629

spell1633

study1659

designa1676

introspect1683

troll1685

balance1692

to figure on or upon1837

reflect1862

mull1873

to mull over1874

scour1882

mill1905

a1450 R. Spaldyng Katereyn in Anglia (1907) 30 545 (MED) Þis peyne þat sche preuyd—j rede, þou it pondur.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 134 (MED) Consydre thys mater and ponder my cause.

1511 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 4 Y..pray yow iiij arbitrors to pondre the seying.

1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 76 Pondring in his thought To howe extreme a poynt by wyle Of Rosmond he was brought.

c1625 J. Smith Hist. Bermudaes (1882) 40 Weighinge and Ponderinge w^thin him selfe, what forme and order to leaue the Gouernment in.

1653 A. Collins Divine Songs & Medit. 5 To ponder what Worth ech day, The sence of Heareing should to it convay.

a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) ii. 244 The cause being heard, and all the Allegations on both sides exactly pondered, his Majesty..gave Sentence.

1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. iv. 457 But before I launch out..I find myself inclin'd to stop a moment in my present station, and to ponder that voyage, which I have undertaken.

1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. xx. 131 Then, Madam, be pleased to ponder well the last line but one of the chapter.

1799 Reginald III. xi. 286 I pondered whether I ought not to return.

1832 H. Martineau Demerara i. 13 Alfred pondered the matter as he went home.

1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years I. 119 [He] at that very instant, was pondering only how he might save that monarch's crown.

1900 J. Morley Cromwell v. iv. 418 He and the council had already pondered the list of members returned to the parliament.

1920 F. S. Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise ii. iii. 253 When he pondered how coldly we thought of the ‘Dark Lady of the Sonnets’.

1994 Compass (Toronto, Ont.) Mar.–Apr. 36/1 For some time now, I have been pondering why God has called me to the priesthood.

2000 L. M. McTaggart Being Catholic Today xvii. 142 Read that extract again, and ponder its implications.

†b. transitive. With that-clause as object. To assume, presume, or presuppose. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 456 (MED) Þei ponderen wiþ þis suspending þat þei don it for riȝtwisenesse to teche curatis obedience.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 111 (MED) That was for to se hir holy vyrgynyte, That she vnfylyd shuld be, Thus can I ponder.

4. intransitive. To think or reflect deeply, to meditate; to contemplate, to muse; to wonder. Frequently with on, upon, over, about.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)]

thinkOE

bethinka1200

umthinka1300

to have mind ofc1300

casta1340

studya1375

delivera1382

to chew the cudc1384

to take advisementa1393

stema1400

compassc1400

advisec1405

deliberc1405

to make it wisec1405

to take deliberationc1405

enter?a1413

riddlec1426

hovec1440

devise?c1450

to study by (also in) oneself?c1450

considerc1460

porec1500

regard1523

deliberate1543

to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546

contemplate1560

consult1565

perpend1568

vise1568

to consider of1569

weigh1573

ruminate1574

dascanc1579

to lay to (one's) heart1588

pondera1593

debate1594

reflect1596

comment1597

perponder1599

revolvea1600

rumine1605

consider on, upon1606

to think twice1623

reflex1631

spell1645

ponderatea1652

to turn about1725

to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736

to wake over1771

incubatea1847

mull1857

fink1888

a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. E4^v Leaue me a while to ponder on my sinnes.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xi. 23 This tempest will not giue me leaue to ponder On things would hurt me more.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 210 Pond'ring thus on Human Miseries.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiii. iii. 23 The Lady pondered a little upon this..I cannot consent to put any Woman under his Power.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xx. 30 So he from side to side roll'd, pondering deep.

1832 Ld. Tennyson Œnone in Poems (new ed.) 60 Here she ceased And Paris pondered. I cried out, ‘Oh Paris, Give it to Pallas!’

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxxi. 108 Pondering on his unhappy lot.

1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. i. 10 A message from the dead, to keep and ponder over?

1940 P. Larkin Let. 9 Dec. in Sel. Lett. (1992) 4 I am very impressed by this sort of unrealised deathwish of mine. Makes yer ponder.

1991 New Scientist 30 Nov. 49/3 Essential reading for anyone left pondering about the relationship between a buff-bellied pipit and a Pechora pipit.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ponder
释义	† pondern.¹ Forms: Middle English pondire, Middle English–1500s pondre, Middle English–1600s ponder. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin ponder-, pondus. Etymology: Apparently < classical Latin ponder-, pondus pondus n. Compare Anglo-Norman pondure a weight (1390 or earlier; apparently irregularly < classical Latin pondus ; compare -ure suffix¹). Compare later ponder v., and also later pondure n. Obsolete. 1. A weight; spec. one used with a scale or balance. Hence in extended use: anything weighty, esp. a weighty attack or blow. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking heavily > a heavy blow smitea1200 ponder1339 clouta1400 whopc1440 routa1450 maul1481 sousec1500 dunta1522 flake1559 lambskin1573 lamback1592 daud1596 baster1600 mell1658 thumper1682 lounder1723 smash1725 plumper1756 spanker1772 douser1782 thud1787 bash1805 stave1819 batter1823 belter1823 wallop1823 whacker1823 belt1825 smasher1829 dingbat1843 dinger1845 oner1861 squeaker1877 clod1886 wham1923 dong1941 1339–40 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 93 (MED) In j ponder empt..1 s. 5 d. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 49 ^v Albucasis drew out þat ponder of lede a veyne meden or ciuilem. c1450 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Arms) (1927) 113 (MED) We schul ȝow ordayne a soche a ponder That al troye sore schal dere. 1613 T. Heywood Siluer Age iii. sig. H3 Il'e lay so huge a ponder on thy skull. 2. Weight, heaviness; mass. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [noun] > property of being heavy peisea1382 heavinessa1400 ponderosity?a1425 pesanteur1480 ponderousnessc1484 poise1489 pondera1500 weightiness1539 heft1558 gravity1648 ponderity1656 pondure1661 luggage1667 ponderancy1667 a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 1580 (MED) God made al thing & set it sure in nombre, pondire, and in mesure. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxij/1 Cantt ginger and spiguale off aii. in pondre and temper hem wich good wyne and the iij. parte as mich of fyn honi. 1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis ix. 175 The rock..By his owne ponder firmely fortifi'd. 1631 J. Done Polydoron 201 To sustaine the bodies ponder and grossnesse. 1658 T. Meriton Love & War iv. iii. sig. I2^v Great Jove, who weighs the ponder of this ball. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2020). pondern.² Brit. /ˈpɒndə/, U.S. /ˈpɑndər/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ponder v. Etymology: < ponder v. Compare earlier ponderation n. 2a, pondering n. 2. An act or period of considering, reflecting, or weighing up. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [noun] > act of cogitation?c1225 insight1390 view1567 volutation1623 ponder1689 1689 Marquis of Halifax Char. Trimmer Pref. sig. A2^v The poor Trimmer hath now all the Ponder spent upon him alone, whilst the Whig is forgotten. 1788 F. Burney Diary 11 Jan. (1842) IV. 27 He..soon after took his leave, not without one little flight to give me for a ponder. a1794 S. Blamire Poet. Wks. (1842) 212 You's ayways in a ponder. 1857 Putnam's Monthly Mag. June 590/1 I was glad both of rest and time for a quiet ponder. 1900 C. H. Shoeman Dream 23 There are poems I read in a ponder, There are others I can't understand. 1970 J. Porter Rather Common Sort of Crime ii. 19 I'll have a ponder about it and, if I come up with anything, I'll let you know. 2003 Irish Times (Nexis) 31 Mar. (City ed.) 15 Put on the kettle, sit down, relax for a few minutes and have a ponder or, if you're in company, a chat. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ponderv. Brit. /ˈpɒndə/, U.S. /ˈpɑndər/ Forms: Middle English pondour, Middle English pondur, Middle English pondyr, Middle English pundred (past tense), Middle English–1500s pondre, Middle English–1600s pounder, Middle English– ponder, 1500s pondir (Scottish), 1500s pondur, 1800s– punder (English regional (Westmorland)). N.E.D. (1907) also records a form late Middle English punder. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French ponderer; Latin ponderāre. Etymology: < Middle French ponderer (French pondérer ) to assess mentally, to appraise, consider (c1355 in a translation of Livy; rare in this sense after 16th cent.; now chiefly in sense ‘to balance (two objects)’ (late 18th cent.)) and its etymon classical Latin ponderāre to weigh, to weigh up, to appraise < ponder- , pondus pondus n. Compare Spanish ponderar (1422 or earlier, earliest in mental use), Italian ponderare (14th cent. in senses 2b (now obsolete in this sense) and 1a).Classical Latin ponderāre was earlier borrowed into Old English as apyndrian to weigh in the balance, apundrian to adjudge (each in one isolated attestation; compare a- prefix¹). The simplex is not attested in Old English, but compare also the related Old English pundere scholar, lit. ‘person who weighs things up’ (one isolated attestation). It is possible that Middle French ponderer may have reinforced an existing word. †1. a. transitive. To estimate or reckon the worth, value, or amount of; to appraise, judge. Also with with: to evaluate (something) against (something else). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] talec897 ween971 takec1175 weigha1200 deem?c1225 judge?c1225 guessc1330 reta1382 accounta1387 aretc1386 assize1393 consider1398 ponder?a1400 adjudgec1440 reckonc1440 peisec1460 ponderate?a1475 poisea1483 trutinate1528 steem1535 rate?1555 sense1564 compute1604 censure1605 cast1606 cense1606 estimate1651 audit1655 state1671 balance1692 esteem1711 appraise1823 figure1854 tally1860 revalue1894 lowball1973 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 110 (MED) Steuen..þe coroune of Inglond wan, Þe date of Jhesu pundred, þat men tellis bi, A þousand & a hundred & sex & þritti. c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 155 Eche man dede aught to be poundred or demed [?a1475 anon. tr. ponderate; L. librari] after þe entencioun of hym þat doþ. c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 23 To pondyr the dayes of grete festes with the dayes of abstinence. 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xi. f. 27 Vertues are not to bee pondered by the sexe or kynde, by whom thei be doen, but by the minde. b. transitive. To find or make out (a way, a path); to explore. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > research > find out by investigation [verb (transitive)] > by inspection or consideration findOE ponder1539 1539 Bible (Great) Prov. v. 2 Parchause thou dwellynge with her wylt ponder the path of lyfe? 1648 Information of Present Condition of Affairs 8 Their way hath not been straight before the Lord who searches the hearts and ponders the paithes. 1816 J. Marsden Mission 28 In reason's balance every action weigh, Ponder each path and second thoughts obey. 1816 H. Ker Trav. Western Interior U.S. 117 Expecting he should have to ponder his way through wilderness on foot. †2. a. intransitive. With complement. Of an object or substance: to weigh (a specified amount); to be of (so much) in weight. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain weight [verb (intransitive)] > weigh (a specific amount) weighc1000 peisea1382 weighc1386 poise1389 ponder?a1425 to turn the scale1600 ponderize1634 heft1851 avoirdupois1854 scale1862 to tip the scales1884 to weigh in1909 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 73 A malle..oweþ to be of lede in litel quantite þat it ponder [?c1425 Paris weie; L. ponderet] more. 1524 in G. Oliver Hist. Coll. (1841) App. 17 On [chales]..all goolde, with the Patent of goolde ponderyng 15 oz. 10dwt. 1553 in W. Page Inventories Church Goods York, Durham & Northumberland (1897) 92 One chalise of sylver, pondring iiij unces. b. transitive. To ascertain the weight of; to weigh. Also figurative. Obsolete. rare after 17th cent.In later figurative use passing into sense 3. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain the weight of [verb (transitive)] weighc1000 aweighOE peisea1382 poise1458 ponder?1518 pound1570 tron1609 perpenda1612 librate1623 scale1691 weight1734 ?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Bvi This longyth vnto the man prudent To ponder al his dedes and warkes in balance Of reason. 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. Prol. f. ii^v To ponder & way the dregges or porcions the whiche ought to be ministred. 1645 J. Ussher Body of Divinitie 203 A Rule, Line, Square, Measure, and Ballance, whereby must be framed, ordered, measured, and pondered. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 1003 Th' Eternal to prevent such horrid fray Hung forth in Heav'n his golden Scales..now [He] ponders all events. View more context for this quotation 1671 K. George Light of Glorious Gospel of Jesus Christ 21 Let the Judicious Reader weigh and ponder this; in the true Ballance, and hee wil find it weighty. 1864 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 7) 493 There, Still, by her balance, sits everlasting doubt Poising and pondering all things. c. transitive. To support or bear the weight of. In quot. figurative. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] thave835 i-dreeeOE tholec897 abeareOE underbearc950 adreeOE dreeOE driveOE i-tholeOE throwOE underfoc1000 bearOE bidec1200 suffera1250 abidec1275 drinka1340 endure1340 underfong1382 receivec1384 abyea1393 sustain1398 finda1400 undergoa1400 get?c1430 underganga1470 ponder?a1525 a dog's lifea1528 tolerate1531 to stand to ——1540 to feel the weight of?1553 enjoy1577 carry1583 abrook1594 to stand under ——a1616 to fall a victim to1764 the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (transitive)] thave835 i-dreeeOE tholec897 underbearc950 adreeOE dreeOE driveOE i-tholeOE throwOE underfoc1000 bearOE takec1175 bidec1200 suffera1250 leadc1330 drinka1340 endure1340 wielda1375 underfong1382 receivec1384 sustain1398 finda1400 undergoa1400 underganga1470 ponder?a1525 tolerate1531 to go through ——1535 to feel the weight of?1553 enjoy1577 carry1583 abrook1594 the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain weight [verb (intransitive)] weigh1362 ponder?a1525 ?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection i. 217 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 179 For our faithe & fidelitee, He ponderite the rigore, Off his passion. 3. a. transitive. To weigh (a matter, words, etc.) mentally, esp. before making a decision or reaching a conclusion; to think over, consider, or reflect on; to wonder about. Frequently with clause as object. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] i-thenchec897 showeOE i-mune971 thinkOE overthinkOE takec1175 umbethinkc1175 waltc1200 bethinkc1220 wend?c1225 weighc1380 delivera1382 peisea1382 considerc1385 musec1390 to look over ——a1393 advise?c1400 debatec1400 roll?c1400 revert?a1425 advertc1425 deliberc1425 movec1425 musec1425 revolvec1425 contemplec1429 overseec1440 to think overc1440 perpend1447 roil1447 pondera1450 to eat inc1450 involvec1470 ponderate?a1475 reputec1475 counterpoise1477 poisea1483 traversec1487 umbecast1487 digest1488 undercast1489 overhalec1500 rumble1519 volve?1520 compassa1522 recount1526 trutinate1528 cast1530 expend1531 ruminate1533 concoct1534 contemplate1538 deliberate1540 revolute1553 chawa1558 to turn over1568 cud1569 cogitate1570 huik1570 chew1579 meditatec1580 discourse1581 speculate1599 theorize1599 scance1603 verse1614 pensitate1623 agitate1629 spell1633 view1637 study1659 designa1676 introspect1683 troll1685 balance1692 to figure on or upon1837 reflect1862 mull1873 to mull over1874 scour1882 mill1905 a1450 R. Spaldyng Katereyn in Anglia (1907) 30 545 (MED) Þis peyne þat sche preuyd—j rede, þou it pondur. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 134 (MED) Consydre thys mater and ponder my cause. 1511 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 4 Y..pray yow iiij arbitrors to pondre the seying. 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 76 Pondring in his thought To howe extreme a poynt by wyle Of Rosmond he was brought. c1625 J. Smith Hist. Bermudaes (1882) 40 Weighinge and Ponderinge w^thin him selfe, what forme and order to leaue the Gouernment in. 1653 A. Collins Divine Songs & Medit. 5 To ponder what Worth ech day, The sence of Heareing should to it convay. a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) ii. 244 The cause being heard, and all the Allegations on both sides exactly pondered, his Majesty..gave Sentence. 1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. iv. 457 But before I launch out..I find myself inclin'd to stop a moment in my present station, and to ponder that voyage, which I have undertaken. 1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. xx. 131 Then, Madam, be pleased to ponder well the last line but one of the chapter. 1799 Reginald III. xi. 286 I pondered whether I ought not to return. 1832 H. Martineau Demerara i. 13 Alfred pondered the matter as he went home. 1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years I. 119 [He] at that very instant, was pondering only how he might save that monarch's crown. 1900 J. Morley Cromwell v. iv. 418 He and the council had already pondered the list of members returned to the parliament. 1920 F. S. Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise ii. iii. 253 When he pondered how coldly we thought of the ‘Dark Lady of the Sonnets’. 1994 Compass (Toronto, Ont.) Mar.–Apr. 36/1 For some time now, I have been pondering why God has called me to the priesthood. 2000 L. M. McTaggart Being Catholic Today xvii. 142 Read that extract again, and ponder its implications. †b. transitive. With that-clause as object. To assume, presume, or presuppose. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 456 (MED) Þei ponderen wiþ þis suspending þat þei don it for riȝtwisenesse to teche curatis obedience. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 111 (MED) That was for to se hir holy vyrgynyte, That she vnfylyd shuld be, Thus can I ponder. 4. intransitive. To think or reflect deeply, to meditate; to contemplate, to muse; to wonder. Frequently with on, upon, over, about. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)] thinkOE thinkOE bethinka1200 umthinka1300 to have mind ofc1300 casta1340 studya1375 delivera1382 to chew the cudc1384 to take advisementa1393 stema1400 compassc1400 advisec1405 deliberc1405 to make it wisec1405 to take deliberationc1405 enter?a1413 riddlec1426 hovec1440 devise?c1450 to study by (also in) oneself?c1450 considerc1460 porec1500 regard1523 deliberate1543 to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546 contemplate1560 consult1565 perpend1568 vise1568 to consider of1569 weigh1573 ruminate1574 dascanc1579 to lay to (one's) heart1588 pondera1593 debate1594 reflect1596 comment1597 perponder1599 revolvea1600 rumine1605 consider on, upon1606 to think twice1623 reflex1631 spell1645 ponderatea1652 to turn about1725 to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736 to wake over1771 incubatea1847 mull1857 fink1888 a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. E4^v Leaue me a while to ponder on my sinnes. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xi. 23 This tempest will not giue me leaue to ponder On things would hurt me more. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 210 Pond'ring thus on Human Miseries. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiii. iii. 23 The Lady pondered a little upon this..I cannot consent to put any Woman under his Power. View more context for this quotation 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xx. 30 So he from side to side roll'd, pondering deep. 1832 Ld. Tennyson Œnone in Poems (new ed.) 60 Here she ceased And Paris pondered. I cried out, ‘Oh Paris, Give it to Pallas!’ 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxxi. 108 Pondering on his unhappy lot. 1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. i. 10 A message from the dead, to keep and ponder over? 1940 P. Larkin Let. 9 Dec. in Sel. Lett. (1992) 4 I am very impressed by this sort of unrealised deathwish of mine. Makes yer ponder. 1991 New Scientist 30 Nov. 49/3 Essential reading for anyone left pondering about the relationship between a buff-bellied pipit and a Pechora pipit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1339n.²1689v.?a1400
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