Pomeranianadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌpɒməˈreɪnɪən/, U.S.

/ˌpɑməˈreɪniən/

Forms: 1600s– Pomeranian, 1800s– Pomoranian. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Pomerania , -an suffix.

Etymology: < Pomerania, the name of a province (German Pommern , Polish Pomorze ) on the south coast of the Baltic Sea in Germany and Poland ( < post-classical Latin Pomerania < Pomerani , the name of a Slavic tribe (11th cent.)) + -an suffix. Compare German pommersch , pommerisch (1457 as pamersch ). With use as noun compare German Pomeraner an inhabitant of Pomerania, a Pomeranian dog (1348 or earlier in sense B. 1), Pommern (plural) inhabitants of Pomerania (1602 or earlier in a work title).The form Pomoranian ultimately reflects Polish Pomorze Pomerania ( < po on, morze sea), and is used chiefly in linguistic writings. It is used to distinguish the West Slavonic-speaking tribe and its language from that of inhabitants of Pomerania of other (e.g. German) descent; in this use (sense B. 3) originally after German Pomoranisch (1908 or earlier in the works of Friedrich Lorentz, German linguist and historian; compare quot. 1934 at sense B. 3; now also as Pomeranisch), which is usually distinguished from Pommersch, the name of the German dialect spoken in Pomerania. Compare Polish język pomorski (1893 or earlier in a work title in this sense).

A. adj.

1. Of or relating to the Pomeranians (sense B. 1), their region (Pomerania, on the south coast of the Baltic Sea in Germany and Poland), or their language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [adjective] > Baltic lands > specific

Pomeranian1632

Livonian1757

Lithuanian1797

Latvian1920

1632 H. Hawkins tr. G. P. Maffei Fuga Sæculi 178 Now liuing..in Polony..he had the skill of the Pomeranian tongue [It. lingua di Pomerania].

1702 C. Brockwell tr. S. von Pufendorf Compl. Hist. Sweden 342 Joachim Sheel, a Pomeranian Gentleman that commanded the Fleet.

1710–11 Sir R. Sutton Despatches 12 Feb. in A. N. Kurat Despatches of Sir Robert Sutton (1953) 41 The King of Sueden's Design is to join his Pomeranian Forces in Poland.

1765 D. Fenning et al. New Syst. Geogr. II. xii. §xii. 184/1 The dried Pomeranian geese, hams, sausages, and salmon, are esteemed the best in all Germany.

1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. iii. iii. 212 As to Friedrich's Pomeranian quarrel, this is the figure of it.

1880 E. W. Hamilton Diary 23 June (1972) I. 21 It seems that Bismarck, though unwilling to ‘sacrifice a single Pomeranian soldier’ in the cause of Greece, will give Germany's moral support, at any rate, to a demonstration.

1935 F. Lorentz in F. Lorentz et al. Cassubian Civilization 6 The whole Pomeranian language is divided into seventy-six dialects, which are, in many cases, very different from one another.

1972 W. B. Lockwood Panorama Indo-European Lang. 158 The present territory of these Pomeranian Slavs, Kashubs as they call themselves, comprises no more than the north-eastern tip from Lake Leba to the southern outskirts of Gdynja (Gdingen).

1997 Amer. Hist. Rev. 102 126/2 The first [part of the book] outlines the way of life in Pomeranian society during the Weimar period.

2. Designating a breed of small dog having a pointed muzzle, pricked ears, a tail curling over the back, and long silky hair. Esp. in Pomeranian dog.

ΚΠ

1760 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 604 A droll Pomeranian puppy.

1787 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 77 265 The shepherd's Dog in Germany, called Pomeranian.

1852 Times 23 Jan. 1/3 (advt.) Lost..a small white Pomeranian fox dog.

1886 Amer. Naturalist 20 370 Closest to the jackals we have the so-called turf-dog..which is probably the ancestor of our Pomeranian dogs.

1913 D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers v. 95 A red-faced, white-whiskered old man looked up. He reminded Paul of a pomeranian dog.

1996 Total Sport July 38/2 When Christy arrived at Martin's testosterone-soaked gym—along with her mother and little Pomeranian mutt—the trainer almost died of embarrassment.

B. n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Pomerania.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of other eastern provinces > [noun]

Macedonian1582

Wallachian1603

Pomeranian1652

Moldo-Wallachian1852

Galician1903

1652 A. Ross Hist. World vi. ii. xix. 461 They were glad..to be eased of such cruel Masters, but sorry that the Saxons, Pomeranians, and Megapolitans..did not enjoy the same happiness of Peace.

1702 J. Savage Antient & Present State Germany 210 In 1420 he had war with the Pomeranians.

1775 N. Wraxall Cursory Remarks Tour N. Europe 147 He is by birth a Pomeranian.

1864 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) Apr. 276 Originally they were known as Polans, Masovians, Lenczycans, Kurjavians, Kassubs, Pomeranians, Obotrits, Wends, Sorabians, Lusatians.

1870 W. B. Ullathorne Let. 4 Feb. in C. Butler Vatican Council (1930) I. xii. 237 Then there was a Pomeranian, who gave..an interesting and pathetic account of the difficulties of religion in his country.

1919 A. B. Boswell Poland & Poles 14 The original Pomeranians were absorbed by German colonists. But in the region west of the Vistula there still dwells a tribe called the Kaszubes who are descended from them.

1939 G. Slocombe Hist. Poland (new ed.) 12 The Lech group, in which were included the Obodrites, the Wiltzi, the Pomeranians.., and other tribes who were in the course of the succeeding centuries to form the Polish nation.

1998 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 5 Aug. n14 Now there are Poles who say they are not so much Poles as they are Silesians, Kaszubs or Pomeranians.

2. A Pomeranian dog; the Pomeranian breed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > other types of dog > [noun] > toy > Pomeranian

Pomeranian1791

loulou1894

Pom1904

1791 Times 2 Sept. 3/1 Five Sportsmen with four dogs—a Pomeranian—a terrier—a mastiff—and an unbroke pointer.

1823 Times 25 Oct. 2/2 In point of shade and colour, they very much resemble the Pomeranians—a breed of dog now nearly extinct in this country.

1882 ‘E. Lyall’ Donovan v The handsome Pomeranian..his tail bristling with wrath.

1926 J. Devanny Butcher Shop xvii. 206 There was a snarl, a leap, and in an instant the Pomeranian was worrying the kitten.

1994 Dog World June 100/2 The Pomeranian, Corgi and Cairn have the words ‘foxy expression’ in their breed standards.

3. Linguistics. The Lechitic dialect of Pomerania, now represented only by Kashube (cf. Lechitic n. and adj., Kashube n.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavonic > Lechitic

Lechitic1934

Pomeranian1934

1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. i. i. 11 The Western group [of the Slavonic languages]..includes..the Cassubian and almost extinct Slovinzian (brought by Lorentz under the collective name of Pomoranian) along the Baltic coast of Pomerania.

1935 T. Lehr-Splawinski in F. Lorentz et al. Cassubian Civilization iii. i. 347 The dialects spoken in the Middle Ages..by the ancestors of the modern Cassubians constituted an intermediate belt between the dialects of Pomeranian properly speaking and those of Polish.

1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 498/1 The Mazovian dialect of Polish shares some features with Kashubian (Cassubian or Pomeranian) the language of about 150,000 speakers in the countryside around Danzig.

Compounds

Pomeranian bream n. now rare a freshwater fish found in Europe, formerly thought to be a thicker-bodied species of bream but later identified as a hybrid of the common bream, Abramis brama, with either the roach, Rutilus rutilus, or the rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > member of genus Abramis (bream)

breamc1405

breamet1462

Pomeranian bream1839

zope1880

brim1898

skimmer1971

1839 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes Suppl. i. 39 The Pomeranian Bream. Abramis Buggenhagii.

1839 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes Suppl. i. 40 This new species was first described by Bloch from specimens found in Swedish Pomerania, in the river Péne, and in the lakes communicating with it... I have also called it the Pomeranian Bream.

1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 194 Pomeranian bream... This gregarious fish, which is of a hardy nature, is found in many sluggish rivers, canals, ponds, broads, and lakes in this country.

1936 J. T. Jenkins Fishes Brit. Isles (ed. 2) 301 The Pomeranian Bream described in Yarrell's British Fishes is really a hybrid of the Common Bream and the Rudd.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pomeranian
释义	Pomeranianadj.n. Brit. /ˌpɒməˈreɪnɪən/, U.S. /ˌpɑməˈreɪniən/ Forms: 1600s– Pomeranian, 1800s– Pomoranian. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Pomerania , -an suffix. Etymology: < Pomerania, the name of a province (German Pommern , Polish Pomorze ) on the south coast of the Baltic Sea in Germany and Poland ( < post-classical Latin Pomerania < Pomerani , the name of a Slavic tribe (11th cent.)) + -an suffix. Compare German pommersch , pommerisch (1457 as pamersch ). With use as noun compare German Pomeraner an inhabitant of Pomerania, a Pomeranian dog (1348 or earlier in sense B. 1), Pommern (plural) inhabitants of Pomerania (1602 or earlier in a work title).The form Pomoranian ultimately reflects Polish Pomorze Pomerania ( < po on, morze sea), and is used chiefly in linguistic writings. It is used to distinguish the West Slavonic-speaking tribe and its language from that of inhabitants of Pomerania of other (e.g. German) descent; in this use (sense B. 3) originally after German Pomoranisch (1908 or earlier in the works of Friedrich Lorentz, German linguist and historian; compare quot. 1934 at sense B. 3; now also as Pomeranisch), which is usually distinguished from Pommersch, the name of the German dialect spoken in Pomerania. Compare Polish język pomorski (1893 or earlier in a work title in this sense). A. adj. 1. Of or relating to the Pomeranians (sense B. 1), their region (Pomerania, on the south coast of the Baltic Sea in Germany and Poland), or their language. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [adjective] > Baltic lands > specific Pomeranian1632 Livonian1757 Lithuanian1797 Latvian1920 1632 H. Hawkins tr. G. P. Maffei Fuga Sæculi 178 Now liuing..in Polony..he had the skill of the Pomeranian tongue [It. lingua di Pomerania]. 1702 C. Brockwell tr. S. von Pufendorf Compl. Hist. Sweden 342 Joachim Sheel, a Pomeranian Gentleman that commanded the Fleet. 1710–11 Sir R. Sutton Despatches 12 Feb. in A. N. Kurat Despatches of Sir Robert Sutton (1953) 41 The King of Sueden's Design is to join his Pomeranian Forces in Poland. 1765 D. Fenning et al. New Syst. Geogr. II. xii. §xii. 184/1 The dried Pomeranian geese, hams, sausages, and salmon, are esteemed the best in all Germany. 1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. iii. iii. 212 As to Friedrich's Pomeranian quarrel, this is the figure of it. 1880 E. W. Hamilton Diary 23 June (1972) I. 21 It seems that Bismarck, though unwilling to ‘sacrifice a single Pomeranian soldier’ in the cause of Greece, will give Germany's moral support, at any rate, to a demonstration. 1935 F. Lorentz in F. Lorentz et al. Cassubian Civilization 6 The whole Pomeranian language is divided into seventy-six dialects, which are, in many cases, very different from one another. 1972 W. B. Lockwood Panorama Indo-European Lang. 158 The present territory of these Pomeranian Slavs, Kashubs as they call themselves, comprises no more than the north-eastern tip from Lake Leba to the southern outskirts of Gdynja (Gdingen). 1997 Amer. Hist. Rev. 102 126/2 The first [part of the book] outlines the way of life in Pomeranian society during the Weimar period. 2. Designating a breed of small dog having a pointed muzzle, pricked ears, a tail curling over the back, and long silky hair. Esp. in Pomeranian dog. ΚΠ 1760 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 604 A droll Pomeranian puppy. 1787 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 77 265 The shepherd's Dog in Germany, called Pomeranian. 1852 Times 23 Jan. 1/3 (advt.) Lost..a small white Pomeranian fox dog. 1886 Amer. Naturalist 20 370 Closest to the jackals we have the so-called turf-dog..which is probably the ancestor of our Pomeranian dogs. 1913 D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers v. 95 A red-faced, white-whiskered old man looked up. He reminded Paul of a pomeranian dog. 1996 Total Sport July 38/2 When Christy arrived at Martin's testosterone-soaked gym—along with her mother and little Pomeranian mutt—the trainer almost died of embarrassment. B. n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Pomerania. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of other eastern provinces > [noun] Macedonian1582 Wallachian1603 Pomeranian1652 Moldo-Wallachian1852 Galician1903 1652 A. Ross Hist. World vi. ii. xix. 461 They were glad..to be eased of such cruel Masters, but sorry that the Saxons, Pomeranians, and Megapolitans..did not enjoy the same happiness of Peace. 1702 J. Savage Antient & Present State Germany 210 In 1420 he had war with the Pomeranians. 1775 N. Wraxall Cursory Remarks Tour N. Europe 147 He is by birth a Pomeranian. 1864 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) Apr. 276 Originally they were known as Polans, Masovians, Lenczycans, Kurjavians, Kassubs, Pomeranians, Obotrits, Wends, Sorabians, Lusatians. 1870 W. B. Ullathorne Let. 4 Feb. in C. Butler Vatican Council (1930) I. xii. 237 Then there was a Pomeranian, who gave..an interesting and pathetic account of the difficulties of religion in his country. 1919 A. B. Boswell Poland & Poles 14 The original Pomeranians were absorbed by German colonists. But in the region west of the Vistula there still dwells a tribe called the Kaszubes who are descended from them. 1939 G. Slocombe Hist. Poland (new ed.) 12 The Lech group, in which were included the Obodrites, the Wiltzi, the Pomeranians.., and other tribes who were in the course of the succeeding centuries to form the Polish nation. 1998 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 5 Aug. n14 Now there are Poles who say they are not so much Poles as they are Silesians, Kaszubs or Pomeranians. 2. A Pomeranian dog; the Pomeranian breed. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > other types of dog > [noun] > toy > Pomeranian Pomeranian1791 loulou1894 Pom1904 1791 Times 2 Sept. 3/1 Five Sportsmen with four dogs—a Pomeranian—a terrier—a mastiff—and an unbroke pointer. 1823 Times 25 Oct. 2/2 In point of shade and colour, they very much resemble the Pomeranians—a breed of dog now nearly extinct in this country. 1882 ‘E. Lyall’ Donovan v The handsome Pomeranian..his tail bristling with wrath. 1926 J. Devanny Butcher Shop xvii. 206 There was a snarl, a leap, and in an instant the Pomeranian was worrying the kitten. 1994 Dog World June 100/2 The Pomeranian, Corgi and Cairn have the words ‘foxy expression’ in their breed standards. 3. Linguistics. The Lechitic dialect of Pomerania, now represented only by Kashube (cf. Lechitic n. and adj., Kashube n.). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavonic > Lechitic Lechitic1934 Pomeranian1934 1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. i. i. 11 The Western group [of the Slavonic languages]..includes..the Cassubian and almost extinct Slovinzian (brought by Lorentz under the collective name of Pomoranian) along the Baltic coast of Pomerania. 1935 T. Lehr-Splawinski in F. Lorentz et al. Cassubian Civilization iii. i. 347 The dialects spoken in the Middle Ages..by the ancestors of the modern Cassubians constituted an intermediate belt between the dialects of Pomeranian properly speaking and those of Polish. 1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 498/1 The Mazovian dialect of Polish shares some features with Kashubian (Cassubian or Pomeranian) the language of about 150,000 speakers in the countryside around Danzig. Compounds Pomeranian bream n. now rare a freshwater fish found in Europe, formerly thought to be a thicker-bodied species of bream but later identified as a hybrid of the common bream, Abramis brama, with either the roach, Rutilus rutilus, or the rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > member of genus Abramis (bream) breamc1405 breamet1462 Pomeranian bream1839 zope1880 brim1898 skimmer1971 1839 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes Suppl. i. 39 The Pomeranian Bream. Abramis Buggenhagii. 1839 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes Suppl. i. 40 This new species was first described by Bloch from specimens found in Swedish Pomerania, in the river Péne, and in the lakes communicating with it... I have also called it the Pomeranian Bream. 1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 194 Pomeranian bream... This gregarious fish, which is of a hardy nature, is found in many sluggish rivers, canals, ponds, broads, and lakes in this country. 1936 J. T. Jenkins Fishes Brit. Isles (ed. 2) 301 The Pomeranian Bream described in Yarrell's British Fishes is really a hybrid of the Common Bream and the Rudd. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1632
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