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单词 pome
释义

pomen.1

Brit. /pəʊm/, U.S. /poʊm/
Forms:

α. Middle English poume, Middle English 1600s pomme, Middle English– pome, 1600s pom; also Scottish pre-1700 pomme.

β. (In plural) late Middle English pompys, late Middle English pumpes; also Scottish pre-1700 pompes.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pume, pomme; French pon.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pume, pomme, pome, poume, pumme and Middle French, French pomme apple (c1100 in Anglo-Norman as pume ), fruit comparable to an apple (c1200 in pume de pin : see pineapple n.), kind of spherical object (1260 of a copper container designed to warm the hands), container for scent (earliest in pome d'ambre (a1278; compare pomander n.)), royal orb (a1377), heart of a cabbage (in pomme de chou (c1393)) < an unattested post-classical Latin *poma , alteration (arising from reinterpretation of the neuter plural as feminine singular) of classical Latin pōmum fruit, in post-classical Latin also apple (see pomum n.), ball, orb (1245, 1482 in British sources). Perhaps partly also (especially in sense 2) < Old French, Middle French pon, pom ornamental knob, apple, royal orb (a1180 as pun , second half of the 12th cent. in a text with some Anglo-Norman characteristics as pom ; chiefly northern in Middle French; < classical Latin pōmum (see above)); compare also Anglo-Norman punt and Old French pont pommel (c1100 in Anglo-Norman), and also pommel n.1Compare Old Occitan poma (c1070; Occitan poma ), Catalan poma (13th cent.), Spanish poma (a1250; now rare or obsolete in sense ‘apple’), Italian †poma (a1294). With Old French, Middle French pon , pom compare Old Occitan pom (a1173; Occitan pom ), Catalan pom (c1200), Spanish pomo (a1385), Portuguese pomo (14th cent.), Italian pomo (10th cent. or earlier; also as pome ). In β forms with excrescent p . In sense 1b after post-classical Latin pomum pomum n. With heraldic use (see sense 2) compare French pomme (1581 in Middle French). In sense 3 apparently after pomedorry n., although compare also Middle French pommeaulx meatballs (c1393 in an apparently isolated use; compare pommel n.1). Compare pome-garnez n. With sense 4 compare earlier pomander n.
1.
a. †A fruit of the apple kind, or one shaped like an apple (obsolete except in a technical sense: see 1b); an apple (now poetic and rare).Recorded earliest in pome-cedre n. and pomewater n. Cf. also Punical pome n. at Punical adj. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun]
appleeOE
pome?1435
pipc1450
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple
appleeOE
malec1384
pome?1435
mele?1440
maiden's blush1803
?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 642 Ther were eke treen..ffulle off ffruytes..Orenges..Pypyns, quynces..And the pome-cedre corageous to recomfort.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. 742 (MED) Ox dong aboute her roote if that me trete, The pomes [L. poma] sadde & braune wil hit gete.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 50 Ane callit the duk of pommes, jn latyne pomorum.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 62 Melons (whiche some, because they are fashioned like Apples call Pomes) are of the kinde of Coucumbers.
1589 A. Fleming tr. Virgil Georgiks ii. 22 in A. Fleming tr. Virgil Bucoliks A taste..of wholsome cytron pome.
1656 R. Fletcher tr. Martial Epigrams vii. xxiv, in Ex Otio Negotium 63 Give luscious Figs and Pomes to Boyes: but mine That please, are Figs that rellish Salt and Wine.
1729 Evelyn's Sylva ii. v. 154 They have sometimes produced a pretty small Pome.
1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 335 Like her of old, ere dropped the golden pome.
1923 E. Sitwell Bucolic Comedies 17 An old dull mome With a head like a pome.
1995 Poem about Pome in rec.arts.poems (Usenet newsgroup) 4 Dec. I thought I'd write a tome, a poem about a pome, but apples aren't all that cool.
b. Botany. The type of fruit that is characteristic of the apple ( Malus domestica), the pear ( Pyrus communis), and related members of the family Rosaceae, which consists of a fleshy, enlarged receptacle enclosing a tough central core (the true fruit), formed from several united carpels and containing the seeds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > fleshy fruit or pome
apple1577
kernel-fruit1612
pomum1670
pippin fruit1675
pome1783
amphisarca1854
1783 tr. J. Elmgren Bot. Terms in tr. C. Linnaeus Syst. Veg. (1785) I. p.xxxvii Pome, (pomum) a valveless filled pericarp containing a capsule.
1797 M. E. Jackson Bot. Dialogues 20 Pome belongs to those fruits which contain within their fleshy pulp the other kind of seed-vessel called Capsule.
1816 P. Keith Syst. Physiol. Bot. II. 160 In the pear the pome tapers down gradually to the point of insertion.
1848 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. 130 Amelanchier, Medic. June-berry... Fruit (pome) berry-like, the 5 cartilaginous carpels each..divided into 2 cells by a partition from the back.
1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 257/1 (caption) Section of the fruit of the Apple (Pyrus Malus), or pome, consisting of a fleshy covering formed by the floral receptacle and the true fruit or core with five cavities with seeds.
1949 L. H. Bailey Man. Cultivated Plants (rev. ed.) 493 The receptacle or hypanthium [of the Rosaceae] assumes various forms..in the apple and pear (which are pomes) it is the fleshy part of the fr[uit] outside the core.
2004 Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) (Nexis) 23 Dec. 22 The fruit [of Pyracantha coccinea] look like berries but are actually pomes like apples.
2. A ball or globe, especially of metal; the royal globe or orb of sovereignty. In Heraldry: = pomeis n. Obsolete.See also spec. use in quot. 18662.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > orb
spherea1387
pomec1440
ballc1475
mound1488
globe1582
orb1602
tut1674
society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > calefactory > [noun]
pomec1440
calefactory1536
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > spherical or globular object
trendlea900
appleeOE
ballc1300
roundc1330
bowl1413
rotundity?a1425
spherea1425
pomec1440
globec1450
orba1500
rotund1550
roundel1589
pompom1748
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 3354 (MED) Cho..profres me a pome, pighte full of faire stonys..In sygne þat I sothely was souerayne in erthe.
1579 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 293 A belt with..ane pome garnissit with perll.
1612 H. Peacham Gentlemans Exercise iii. 160 There be certaine rondles giuen in armes, which haue their names according to their seueral colours. If they be Or, they are beasantes;..if purpure, Pommes.
1724 A. Crossly Signification Most Things in Heraldry 72 Roundells..Pomes or Green Apples, always Green.
1814 R. Southey Roderick xviii. 223 Where was the rubied crown, the sceptre where, And where the golden pome.
1866 J. E. Cussans Gram. Heraldry 23 Roundles... The Pomme,..vert.
1866 J. Purchas & F. G. Lee Directorium Anglicanum (ed. 3) 257 Pome, a round ball of silver or other metal; which is filled with hot water, and is placed on the altar in winter months to prevent danger or accident with the chalice, from the hands of the priest becoming numb with cold.
3. A meatball. Also in plural: a dish made of meatballs. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > rissoles, balls, or croquettes > [noun]
rishew1340
pomedorry1381
rafiolea1425
raynoll?c1425
pomea1450
andouillet1611
raviol1611
tamale1625
patty1660
poupiets1702
croquette1706
rissole1706
potato cake1747
Basque1769
potato ball1817
Cecils1819
polpetta1822
quenelle1827
kibbeh1829
meatball1835
kromeski1846
quenelle de volaille1846
quesadilla1848
kungu cake1865
ponhaus1869
frikkadel1870
albondigas1872
fricandel1872
Vienna steak1874
pirozhok1887
kofta1888
paupiette1889
cheeseball1895
keftedes1912
baozi1927
crab cake1929
falafel1936
klops1936
coddie1941
wonton1948
fish finger1962
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 15 (MED) Poumes. Take..Vele & hewe hem and grynd hem..& wyth þe ȝolkys of eyroun &..sethe in a panne..an..rolle it in þin hondys..an let boyle y-now; þan putte it on a spete..an lete hem rosty..caste on þe pommys.
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 31 (MED) Pumpes. Take an sethe a gode gobet of Porke..choppe hem..& rolle hem..lyke to smale pelettys..ley v pompys in a dysshe.
4. = pomander n. 2. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > other medical equipment > [noun] > pomander
pomander1492
pomea1522
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > perfume used medicinally
pomander1492
pomea1522
suffite1621
suffiment1650
medicated candle1880
a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xii. Prol. 146 Precyus invnctment, salve, or fragrant pome.
1568 G. Skeyne Breue Descriptioun Pest vii. sig. B2 Siclyk compositionis may be maide..in forme of..thik pulderis, candillis or pomis odoratiue.
1573 J. Partridge Treasurie Commodious Conceits xliii. sig. Dvj Take your Pome, that you haue chafed and gathered together, and by little and little..gather vp the amber, musk & ciuet: and mix them with your Ball.
5. Fortification. The rounded projecting shoulder of a bastion. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > bastion > parts of
orecchionc1585
pome1598
face1648
orillon1648
gola1663
neck1668
gorge1669
neckline1672
shoulder1672
epaule1702
demi-gorge1706
pan1707
throat1728
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 125 The parts of a Bulwarke are..the Orecchion or Pome, or gard, or shoulder.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes at Orecchione That part of a bulwarke which is called by some the pome, guard, or shoulder.
6. The heart or head of a cabbage, cauliflower, or broccoli. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > head or heart > [noun] > head or top
cropa700
top?1523
head1577
headlet1577
come1578
pome1658
cyma1706
cyme1725
capitulum1791
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 178 When their heads and pomes are formed, if you perceive any of them ready to run to seeds, draw the plant half out of the ground.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, objective, similative, etc.
a.
pome fruit n.
ΚΠ
1907 Amer. Naturalist 41 534 The late frosts of last April left little pome fruit in the territory.
1937 G. C. Ainsworth Plant Dis. G.B. 119 (heading) Pome Fruit.
1956 H. W. Anderson Dis. Fruit Crops iv. 144 (heading) Sooty blotch of pome fruits.
1987 Stock & Land (Melbourne) 18 June 16/3 Annual weed control is available in a wide range of crops including vines, stone, citrus and pome fruit, nuts and kiwifruit.
2002 Phytopathology 92 393 The yeast Candida oleophile, is recommended for the control of postharvest decay in citrus and pome fruit.
b.
pome-bearing adj. [apparently originally after post-classical Latin pomiferus (see pomiferous adj.)]
ΚΠ
1901 G. Nicholson's Dict. Gardening (Cent. Dict. Suppl.) 645/2 R[osa] pomifera (pome-bearing). Great Apple Rose.
2004 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 17 Jan. (Gardening section) 8 Cotoneasters are generally robust but, as with other fruit or pome-bearing members of the rose family, they can suffer from fireblight.
pome-shaped adj. rare
ΚΠ
1895 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Pomiform, pome-shaped.
C2.
pome-adam n. [after French pomme d'Adam (1578 or earlier in the source translated in quot. 1600)] Obsolete a kind of grapefruit or shaddock (cf. Adam's apple n. 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > citrus fruit > lime
pome-adam1600
lime1638
Java lemon1831
poor man1912
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xxvi. 482 As for pomeadams [Fr. pommes d'Adam] they are round, twise or thrise as great, as orenges.
pome-paradise n. [perhaps after French pomme de paradis a kind of apple, pomme d'api (1538; earlier in sense ‘banana’ (c1256)); compare slightly earlier paradise apple at paradise n. 7] Obsolete a sweet variety of apple; = paradise apple n. (a) at paradise n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of
costardc1390
bitter-sweet1393
Queening?1435
richardine?1435
blaundrellc1440
pear apple1440
tuberc1440
quarrendenc1450
birtle1483
deusan1570
apple-john1572
Richard1572
lording1573
greening1577
queen apple1579
peeler1580
darling1584
doucin1584
golding1589
puffin1589
lady's longing1591
bitter-sweeting1597
pearmain1597
paradise apple1598
garden globe1600
gastlet1600
leather-coat1600
maligar1600
pome-paradise1601
French pippin1629
gillyflower1629
king apple1635
lady apple1651
golden pippin1654
goldling1655
puff1655
cardinal1658
green fillet1662
chestnut1664
cinnamon apple1664
fenouil1664
go-no-further1664
Westbury apple1664
seek-no-farther1670
nonsuch1676
calville1691
passe-pomme1691
fennel apple1699
queen1699
genet1706
fig-apple1707
oaken pin1707
nonpareil1726
costing1731
monstrous reinette1731
Newtown pippin1760
Ribston1782
Rhode Island greening1795
oslin1801
fall pippin1803
monstrous pippin1817
Newtown Spitzenburg1817
Gravenstein1821
Red Astrachan1822
Tolman sweet1822
grange apple1823
orange pippin1823
Baldwin1826
Sturmer Pippin1831
Newtowner1846
Northern Spy1847
Blenheim Orange1860
Cox1860
McIntosh Red1876
Worcester1877
raspberry apple1894
delicious1898
Laxton's Superb1920
Macoun1924
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of
costardc1390
bitter-sweet1393
pippin?1435
pomewater?1435
Queening?1435
richardine?1435
blaundrellc1440
pear apple1440
tuberc1440
quarrendenc1450
birtle1483
sweeting1530
pomeroyal1534
renneta1568
deusan1570
apple-john1572
Richard1572
lording1573
russeting1573
greening1577
queen apple1579
peeler1580
reinette1582
darling1584
doucin1584
golding1589
puffin1589
lady's longing1591
bitter-sweeting1597
pearmain1597
paradise apple1598
garden globe1600
gastlet1600
leather-coat1600
maligar1600
pomeroy1600
short-start1600
jenneting1601
pome-paradise1601
russet coat1602
John apple1604
honey apple1611
honeymeal1611
musk apple1611
short-shank1611
spice apple1611
French pippin1629
king apple1635
lady apple1651
golden pippin1654
goldling1655
puff1655
cardinal1658
renneting1658
green fillet1662
chestnut1664
cinnamon apple1664
fenouil1664
go-no-further1664
reinetting1664
Westbury apple1664
seek-no-farther1670
nonsuch1676
white-wining1676
russet1686
calville1691
fennel apple1699
queen1699
genet1706
fig-apple1707
oaken pin1707
musk1708
nonpareil1726
costing1731
monstrous reinette1731
Newtown pippin1760
Ribston1782
Rhode Island greening1795
oslin1801
wine apple1802
fall pippin1803
monstrous pippin1817
Newtown Spitzenburg1817
Gravenstein1821
Red Astrachan1822
Tolman sweet1822
grange apple1823
orange pippin1823
Baldwin1826
wine-sap1826
Jonathan1831
Sturmer Pippin1831
rusty-coat1843
Newtowner1846
Northern Spy1847
Cornish gilliflowerc1850
Blenheim Orange1860
Cox1860
nutmeg pippin1860
McIntosh Red1876
Worcester1877
raspberry apple1894
delicious1898
Laxton's Superb1920
Melba apple1928
Melba1933
Mutsu1951
Newtown1953
discovery1964
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 164 The Pome-Paradise, or hony Apples called Melimela.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Passe-pomme, the Pome-paradice, Honny-apple, or Honny-meale; (an apple thats quickly ripe, and quickly rotten).
1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Pome-paradice, a fruit called a John-apple.
1745 tr. L. J. M. Columella Of Husbandry xii. xlv. 550 How Globe-apples, or Pome-Paradises,..may be preserved.
pome-quince n. [compare quince apple n. at quince n.1 Compounds 2, pear-quince n. at pear n. Compounds 2] Obsolete an apple-shaped variety of quince (cf. pear-quince n. at pear n. Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > quince
quincea1325
pome-quince1601
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 105 A liniment of it and Pome-quinces or Peare-quinces, easeth the head-ach.
pome-warden n. Obsolete (probably) = pome-pear n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of
calewey1377
honey peara1400
pome-pear1440
pome-wardena1513
choke-pear1530
muscadel1555
worry pear1562
lording1573
bon-chrétienc1575
Burgundian pear1578
king pear1585
pound pear1585
poppering1597
wood of Jerusalem1597
muscadine1598
amiot1600
bergamot1600
butter pear1600
dew-pear1600
greening1600
mollart1600
roset1600
wax pear1600
bottle pear1601
gourd-pear1601
Venerian pear1601
musk pear1611
rose pear1611
pusill1615
Christian1629
nutmeg1629
rolling pear1629
surreine1629
sweater1629
amber pear1638
Venus-pear1648
horse-pear1657
Martin1658
russet1658
rousselet1660
diego1664
frith-pear1664
maudlin1664
Messire Jean1664
primate1664
sovereign1664
spindle-pear1664
stopple-pear1664
sugar-pear1664
virgin1664
Windsor pear1664
violet-pear1666
nonsuch1674
muscat1675
burnt-cat1676
squash pear1676
rose1678
Longueville1681
maiden-heart1685
ambrette1686
vermilion1691
admiral1693
sanguinole1693
satin1693
St. Germain pear1693
pounder pear1697
vine-pear1704
amadot1706
marchioness1706
marquise1706
Margaret1707
short-neck1707
musk1708
burree1719
marquis1728
union pear1728
Doyenne pear1731
Magdalene1731
beurré1736
colmar1736
Monsieur Jean1736
muscadella1736
swan's egg1736
chaumontel1755
St Michael's pear1796
Williams1807
Marie Louise1817
seckel1817
Bartlett1828
vergaloo1828
Passe Colmar1837
glou-morceau1859
London sugar1860
snow-pear1860
Comice1866
Kieffer pear1880
sand pear1880
sandy pear1884
snowy pear1884
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxxxii Other more comon Fruytes as Costardes, wardens, pomewardons, ricardons, damysyns, and plummes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

pomen.2

Brit. /pəʊm/, U.S. /poʊm/
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: poem n.
Etymology: Representing a regional or colloquial pronunciation of poem n.
colloquial.
A poem.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > [noun]
yedOE
metrea1375
dittya1387
poesya1387
poemc1487
indite1501
posy1575
metro1619
pomec1820
c1820 W. C. Bryant Dict. N.Y. Dial. (MS) in Amer. Speech 16 157/1 Pome, poem.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Let. 18 Dec. (1945) II. 467 I send you..the ballad... I've not sent you the pome.
1897 A. R. Marshall (title) Pomes from the Pink 'un.
1927 J. Joyce (title) Pomes penyeach.
1959 News Chron. 12 Aug. 4/5 My next pome,..is dedicated to a very fine poet.
1975 A. Coren Further Bull. Pres. Idi Amin 7 Come on out, John Milton!.. Wot about dis year's jumbo pome you lazy bum?
1999 Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) (Nexis) 13 June (Sunshine Mag.) 26 Had the Owl and the Pussycat never left home Prelutsky might never have penciled a pome.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pomev.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: pome n.1
Etymology: < pome n.1, after French pommer (1611; earlier as pommé, adjective (c1393)).
Obsolete.
intransitive. Of a cabbage, lettuce, etc.: to form a compact head or heart.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > head or heart > [verb (intransitive)] > grow heart or head
head?1440
pome1658
heart1789
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 175 There is another sort of Cabbage..they seem to me, the most naturall of all the rest, for they pome [Fr. ils pomment], close to the ground.
1699 J. Evelyn Acetaria facing p. 118 (table) Lettuce, Tied close up. Pome and Blanch of themselves.
1727 S. Switzer Pract. Kitchen Gardiner iii. xxiii. 130 The time of sowing the chief of the Brassica's, especially those that pome or cabbage.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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n.1?1435n.2c1820v.1658
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