| 释义 |
porphyryn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French porfirie; French porfire; Latin porphyrium. Etymology: In α. forms < Anglo-Norman porfirie and (especially in later use) its etymon post-classical Latin porphyrium (see below); in β. forms < Middle French porfire, porphire, pourfire, porphyre (c1185 in Old French; French porphyre ) and its etymon post-classical Latin porphyrium (c1100 as porphirium ), alteration (perhaps after ancient Greek πορϕύρεος purple) of classical Latin porphyrītēs porphyrite n.1; compare -y suffix4. Compare Old Occitan porfiri (c1420), Spanish †porfirio (1547); also Middle Dutch porfier (Dutch porfier), Middle High German porfier (German Porphyr), Swedish porfyr (1675 as porphyr).Compare Catalan pòrfir (1403 as porfi ), Spanish pórfido (c1457), Italian porfiro (mid 13th cent.), porfido (a1321; compare post-classical Latin porfidum (14th cent. in an Italian source)), all ultimately (in some cases with dissimilation of -r- to -d- after -r- ) < post-classical Latin porphyrus purple (9th cent.) < ancient Greek πορϕύρεος (see porphyre n.). Compare also medieval Greek, modern Greek πορϕυρός purple. Post-classical Latin Porphyrius , Hellenistic Greek Πορϕύριος existed earlier as a proper name (see Porphyrian adj.1). In the early history of the word the position of the primary stress apparently varied; for metrical evidence compare quots. c1395 at sense 1α. and ?a1439 at sense 2aα. . society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > block > for grinding on α. c1395 G. Chaucer 775 Oure grounden litarge eek on the porfurie [v.rr. porphirie, porphurye, perorforie, purhuri] [rhyme mercurie]. 1634 H. Peacham (new ed.) i. xx. 65 I like best the porphyry, white or greene marble, with a mullar or upper stone of the same. c1660 J. Evelyn anno 1644 (1955) II. 287 The Lavor or Basin is of one vast intire Porphyrie. 1694 W. Salmon i. ix. 427/2 The dryed mass to be ground each time upon a Porphyry. 1771 J. Keir tr. P. J. Macquer II. 536 They are to be made red-hot in a crucible, and reduced to a very fine powder in a glass mortar, or upon a porphyry. 2. the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > ancient porphyry society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [noun] > porphyry α. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) viii. l. 1247 (MED) The font was maad of porfirie stoon. 1541 T. Elyot xxii. f. 40v Pylers of porphery, whiche is a stone of purple colour. 1596 W. Warner (rev. ed.) xii. lxxiv. 303 The Statures huge, of Porphyrie and costlier matters made. c1660 J. Evelyn anno 1644 (1955) II. 174 Red plaster flores, which are made so hard, and kept so polite, that..one would take them for whole pieces of Porphyrie. a1684 J. Evelyn anno 1645 (1955) II. 437 The floore [of St Mark's] all inlayed with Achats,..Jaspers, Porphyrie and other rich marbles. 1750 S. Johnson No. 82. ⁋9 I have two pieces of porphyry found among the ruins of Ephesus. 1818 Ld. Byron lx. 33 Her pyramid of precious stones? Of porphyry, jasper, agate, and all hues Of gem and marble. 1861 C. W. King (1866) 64 Porphyry..is easily recognised by its deep red colour, thickly dotted with small white spots. 1871 D. G. Rossetti xiii Made proud with pillars of basalt, With sardonyx and porphyry. 1921 58 272 To their activities we owe the discovery of the beautiful Imperial porphyry of Gebel Dukhan. 1961 T. K. Derry & T. I. Williams v. 165 Among imported marbles peculiar prestige attached to the imperial porphyry from Egypt, first quarried under the Emperor Claudius and retained as imperial property because its colour was the true imperial purple. 1974 D. Yarwood ii. 40/1 Granite and alabaster were also imported with precious materials such as porphyry to give richness and lustre to interiors. 1589 R. Greene 8 Tempering the porphury of hir face with a vermilion blush, looking like Diana when shee basht at Acteons presence. the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > porphyrite rock > containing felspar crystals the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > porphyrite rock > containing one or more minerals 1757 E. M. da Costa 283 The porphyries are of such excessive hardness, as freely and plentifully to strike fire with steel. 1784 R. Kirwan 151 Porphyry. Under this name I comprehend..all those stones which in a compact siliceous ground..contain either feltspar, quartz, shoel, mica, serpentine, or other species of stone in a crystaline form. 1836 J. Murray 413/1 High and romantic cliffs, chiefly of porphyry or amygdaloid, abounding in agates, amethysts, &c. of great beauty and variety. 1858 A. Geikie xii. 240 When a trap displays distinct disseminated crystals..it becomes a porphyry. 1872 R. B. Smyth 32 Quartz porphyries and felspar porphyries—massive, and dykes of diorite and diabase, occur in many parts. 1940 F. F. Grout (ed. 6) v. 97 They are rare in this country, but the porphyries with predominant phenocrysts and considerable olivine—the peridotite porphyries—are known as kimberlite, and have been recognised in several states. 1981 F. Hoyle iii. 47 One boulder of a red, rather coarse, granitic type of porphyry was used for the sarcophagus of Charles XIV of Sweden. 1991 23 Feb. p. xx/2 The Pavement is made up of marble fragments in varying shapes: of purple and green porphyry, purloined from ruined classical buildings. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types > miscellaneous types the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Pyralidae > pyrausta porphyrialis (porphyry) the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Pyralidae > sable > botys cespitalis (porphyry) 1819 G. Samouelle 427 The Porphyry (Botys cespitalis). Chalky places. 1832 J. Rennie 74 The Porphyry (S[cotophila] porphyrea, Stephens) appears the end of July. Wings..; first pair dusky red, with a purplish tinge, with several white streaks and spots. 1832 J. Rennie 149 The Porphyry (P[yrausta] porphyrialis, Stephens)..Wings..purplish, with a large golden red or white spot among many very minute ones. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. 1870 W. Morris 180 Porphyry cliffs as red as blood. 1937 (Federal Writers' Project) 269 The Home of Moll Pitcher..stands in the shadow of this dull purple porphyry cliff. 2003 8 Mar. h1 Each morning you awaken to a new vista—the breathtaking fjords of Norway, the porphyry cliffs of Esterel. 1864 W. W. Skeat tr. J. L. Uhland 257 She..Buries him with costly slate; Rears a porphyry column o'er him, telling his unhappy fate. 1929 Jan. 41/1 Porphyry columns, mosaics and red-painted hieroglyphs, unlike any of the other monuments of pre-historic Mexico. 2004 (Nexis) 18 Sept. 27 In Istanbul, between the Cemberlitas tram stop and the Turkish baths, stands a smoke-blackened porphyry column, 100ft high. 1647 J. Howell 214 Your eccho deserves to dwell in some marble or porphyry grot. 1633 P. Fletcher iii. viii. 30 His porphyre house glitters in purple die; In purple clad himself. 1633 P. Fletcher ii. x. 19 With luke-warm waters di'd in porphyr hue. 1849 H. Melville I. lxxxiv. 295 Presently, stalwart slaves advanced; bearing a mighty basin of a porphyry hue, deep-hollowed out of a tree. society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > block > for grinding on 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne ii. v. 125 Beaten into pouder in a purphorie morter of smal bignesse. 1758 R. Dossie II. iv. i. 350 Fuse this mixture..and then..reduce it in a flint, agate, or porphyry mortar, to an impalpable powder. 1862 (new ed.) XIII. 381/2 The platinum..is amalgamated with double its weight of mercury in a porphyry mortar. 1902 W. Barry 281 The Emperor drew near, flung aside his cloak, and bent his knee to the porphyry slab which testifies yet to this great act of homage. 1985 (Nexis) 6 Oct. 36 Above the altar is a vertical porphyry slab, flanked by slabs of plain white marble. b. 1866 15 May 137 The subjects are fanciful. Golden cocks and eagles gleam upon trees of a porphyry red. 1963 A. Lubbock 194 The range thrust its porphyry-red battlements into the forested valley. 2004 (Nexis) 16 Oct. Upstairs, and you can still dream you dwell in porphyry-red marble halls. 1930 E. Pound xvii. 78 And the cave salt-white, and glare-purple, cool, porphyry smooth. C2. society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [adjective] > royally born a1940 J. Wheelwright (1971) 256 Porphyry-born Waters (which are Ice and Steam, From which your Body and your Mind are made). 1964 W. H. Auden in 1 Oct. 525/1 Neither of our Dads, like Horace's, Wiped his nose on his forearm, Neither was porphyry-born. society > faith > artefacts > furniture > seat > [noun] > pope's 1647 J. Cleveland 13 For you my brat That pose the porph'ry Chaire, Pope Iohn or Ioane, or whatsoe're you are, You are a Nephew. 1768 R. Baron (ed. 2) III. 38 Succeeding popes were placed in a porphyry-chair with a hole in the bottom, and immediately after the election, their genitals were to be searched by the youngest deacon. 1987 18 387 The most notorious reminder of Joan's reign—the perforated porphyry chair on which the probatio sexus was said to have been administered immediately after a papal election. 2000 98 275 Medieval chroniclers described a ceremony in which a pope-elect sat in a pierced, porphyry chair so that ‘one of the younger cardinals may make proof of his sex’. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > room by type of use > [noun] > state room 1854 H. H. Milman II. iv. viii. 190 Constantine was seized..conducted to the porphyry chamber, in which Irene had borne him—her first-born son. 1973 14 246/1 Reigning empresses in Constantinople gave birth in a porphyry chamber to those who henceforward were known as porphyrogenetos. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Phycitidae > member of genus Phycita (knot-horn) > phycita porphyrea 1832 J. Rennie 214 The Porphyry Knot-horn (P[hycita] Porphyrea, Curtis). 1964 I. R. P. Heslop ii. 41/1 Eurhodope suavella Zinck. Porphyry Knot-horn. the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Siphonostomata > family Muricidae > member or parts of genus Murex 1753 Suppl. Porphyry-shell, a name given by authors to a species of sea-shell of the purpura kind, with a short clavicle and beak. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.c1395 |
