单词 | polymolecular |
释义 | polymolecularadj. Chemistry. 1. (Of a chemical reaction) having an order or a molecularity of more than one; involving more than one molecule in a single step; (also) relating to such a property. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > chemical kinetics > [adjective] > molecularity polymolecular1896 unimolecular1925 1896 T. Ewan tr. J. H. Van't Hoff & E. Cohen Stud. Chem. Dynamics 4 We will call a change in which the interaction of several molecules is required, polymolecular. 1935 J. N. Friend Text-bk. Physical Chem. II. iii. 81 As the solvent and catalyst molecules remain virtually constant in amount, many reactions that really are polymolecular are found to conform to the requirements of the monomolecular law. 1937 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 59 2539/2 The polymolecular nature of the solvolysis is strongly evidenced by the fact that it occurs only with a high concentration of hydroxylic molecules. 1996 Jrnl. Agric. & Food Chem. 44 3755/2 A reaction order higher than unity may be attributed to polymolecular denaturation reactions. 2. Consisting of or built up from more than one molecule. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [adjective] > relating to molecules > by number monomolecular1876 bimolecular1899 termolecular1901 supermolecular1908 polymolecular1922 1922 H. S. Hatfield tr. H. Freundlich Colloid & Capillary Chem. 239 The dyes in question are polymolecular in water, and monomolecular in alcohol. 1930 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 52 4110 The direct preparation of this anhydride by the removal of water from the acid should give a polymolecular product. 1936 Trans. Faraday Soc. 32 116 Oleic acid is bimolecular in apolar solvents, and forms polymolecular micelles in aqueous alkaline solution. 2000 Jrnl. Physical Chem. A. 104 8505/1 Cluster ions can range in size from simple dimers such as (He)2+ to large polymolecular species such as water hydrates, H3O+(H2O)2. 3. Of, relating to, or designating a film or layer more than one molecule in thickness. Of adsorption: characterized by the formation of such a layer. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical structure or stereochemistry > [adjective] > of or relating to the molecular structure of a film or layer polymolecular1925 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > of, exhibiting, or causing adsorption > of or relating to polymolecular adsorption polymolecular1972 1925 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 11 638 Phenanthrene spread on an aqueous calcium chloride solution gives a typical polymolecular film. 1931 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 35 869 There was no evidence that the layer of adsorbed molecules was of polymolecular thickness. 1972 M. M. Dubinin in F. Ricca Adsorption-desorption Phenomena 4 On the surface of intermediate pores there occurs monomolecular and polymolecular adsorption of vapours. 1996 Langmuir 12 423/1 The extent of adsorption of n-butanol from water onto nonporous carbon decreases with increasing temperature up to monomolecular surface coverage of the alcohol, but the opposite holds true in the polymolecular adsorption regime. 4. Consisting of macromolecules with similar polymeric structures but different molecular weights or different degrees of polmerization. Cf. polydisperse adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > polymolecules > [adjective] polymolecular1940 the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [adjective] > relating to molecules > polymolecular polymolecular1940 1940 Chem. Abstr. 34 1228 Such compds. of high mol. wt. are also polymolecular and yield polydisperse solns. Since compds. whose mols. are identical with respect to structure and mol. wt...may form in soln. colloidal particles of varying size, polydispersivity is a condition or state whereas polymer homogeneity and polymolecularity are properties of mols. 1970 J. Fock & M. Fried tr. H. Staudinger From Org. Chem. to Macromolecules 116 In order to characterize a polymolecular macromolecular material with accuracy, it is necessary to know its distribution and to determine how many low and high molecular parts it contains. 1976 H.-G. Elias in K. Solc Order in Polymer Solutions 218 Most synthetic polymers are polymolecular, i.e., the unimers possess a distribution of degrees of polymerization. 2004 Carbohydrate Polymers 57 177/2 A natural product composed primarily of two polymolecular and polydisperse polymers. Derivatives ˌpolymolecuˈlarity n. the condition or property, esp. of a polymer, of being polymolecular. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > polymolecules > [noun] > polymolecularity polymolecularity1938 the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [noun] > molecules > polymolecules > condition of polymolecularity1938 1938 Chem. Abstr. 32 2810 A distinction is made between the terms polydispersion and polymolecularity. 1943 H. M. Spurlin in E. Ott Cellulose V. ix. 930 The quantitative relationships between such physical properties as viscosity in solution, physical strength, and flexibility of films may differ as the degree of polymolecularity is changed. 1987 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 6987/2 The purified in vitro product had..a polymolecularity ratio of 1.1. 2000 Macromolecules 33 6589/1 The poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was supplied by Atohaas Americas Inc... The weight-average molecular weight..and polymolecularity index were 131 700 and 1.3. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1896 |
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