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单词 polymerize
释义

polymerizev.

Brit. /ˈpɒlᵻmərʌɪz/, U.S. /pəˈlɪməˌraɪz/, /ˈpɑləməˌraɪz/
Forms: 1800s polimerise, 1800s polimerize, 1800s– polymerise, 1800s– polymerize.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: poly- comb. form, -mer comb. form2, -ize suffix.
Etymology: < poly- comb. form + -mer comb. form2 + -ize suffix, after polymeric adj.1, polymeride n., and polymerism n.1 Compare French polymériser (1869). Compare dimerize v.
Chemistry.
1. transitive. To convert into a polymer; to cause molecules of (one or more compounds) to combine so as to form a polymer.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > polymerization > [verb (transitive)]
polymerize1865
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [verb (transitive)] > compose of many parts
polymerize1865
1865 C. B. Mansfield Theory of Salts 247 That..two molecules of the same body, when formed side by side, shall become polymerized or dimerized into a compound of double equivalent weight.
1867 Proc. Royal Soc. 16 158 The facility with which the aldehydes are polimerized.
1936 H. W. Rowell Technol. Plastics ix. 57 The primary ester may be polymerized by heating in the presence of a peroxide catalyst.
1957 Times 10 Sept. 11/1 The effect was to produce reactive groups which could be used to polymerize a different material with the result that mixed polymers of very varied properties could be produced.
1971 Brit. Printer Jan. 64/2 The use of ultra-violet radiation for polymerising polyester wood lacquers has been known for some time.
1991 Progress Polymer Sci. 16 144 In an evacuated chamber, the gaseous vinyl ether monomer is allowed to contact the film surface where it is polymerized.
2. intransitive. To be converted into a polymer; to undergo polymerization.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > polymerization > [verb (intransitive)]
polymerize1870
1870 Nature 28 Apr. 662/1 The body is distinguished by its great tendency to polimerise.
1892 Science 2 Sept. 128/1 Biological theories of molecules polymerizing into cells.
1910 Encycl. Brit. X. 667/2 It is not possible to obtain the aldehyde in a pure condition, since it readily polymerizes.
1923 B. D. W. Luff Chem. Rubber vii. 74 Not only isoprene but many other unsaturated hydrocarbons were capable of polymerising.
1930 H. F. Lewis Fund. Org. Chem. viii. 95 Three molecules of acetaldehyde polymerize under the influence of a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid.
1972 Nature 18 Feb. 404/3 This leads into a subsidiary argument: which were the first to polymerize, amino-acids or polynucleotides?
1992 K. S. Robinson Red Mars (1993) iii. 103 This preparation was poured into brick molds, and baked until the sulphur began to polymerize.

Derivatives

ˈpolymerized adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > polymerization > [adjective]
polymerized1872
1872 Proc. Royal Soc. 1871–2 20 208 Codeia yields not only bases apparently formed from non-polymerized codeia,..but also bases derived from polymerized codeia.
1945 A. T. Birkby Phenolic Plastics ii. 16 The larger or polymerised molecule possesses different physical properties from the constituent smaller molecules.
2003 New Scientist 12 July 81/4 Its filaments are mainly composed of a polymerised protein called fibroin made up mostly of the amino acids glycine, alanine, serine and tyrosine.
ˈpolymerizing n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > polymerization > [noun] > action of
polymerizing1867
the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > polymerization > [adjective] > that which undergoes or facilitates
polymerizing1867
1867 C. L. Bloxam Chemistry Index 665/2 Polymerising by sulphuric acid.
1912 Science 5 July 15/1 Sodium is a general polymerizing agent for this class of material.
1939 Ann. Rev. Physiol. 1 81 Long chains are quickly built up so long as polymerizing substances are available.
1985 Cambr. Encycl. Life Sci. i. 371/1 (caption) The chromatid microtubules are oriented with their polymerising ends attached to the kinetochores.
2003 Rubber World (Nexis) 1 Sept. 81 Emulsion polymerizations..contain polymerizing colloidal particles dispersed within an otherwise inert aqueous environment.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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