polymern.

Brit.

/ˈpɒlᵻmə/, U.S.

/ˈpɑləmər/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: poly- comb. form, -mer comb. form².

Etymology: < poly- comb. form + -mer comb. form², after polymeric adj.¹ Compare ancient Greek πολυμερής consisting of many parts. Compare also French polymère (1876 as noun; earlier as adjective in sense ‘polymeric’ (1847 in chemistry)). Cf earlier polymeric adj.¹, polymeride n., polymerism n.¹, and polymerize v. Compare also isomer n., metamer n.¹

Chemistry.

1. Originally: a compound whose formula is an exact multiple of that of another compound, being composed of the same elements in the same proportions. Now: a compound with a molecular structure in which a (usually large) number of similar polyatomic units are bonded together; spec. any of the mainly synthetic organic compounds of this kind which form plastics, resins, etc.The repeating units often correspond to molecules of a single compound, but polymers may also result from combination of two or more different constituents; in either case, linking of the component units may be accompanied by the elimination of small molecules, so that the formula and molecular weight of the polymer are unlikely to be exact multiples of those of a constituent monomer. In some contexts the use of the term polymer is restricted to cases where the number of units in the molecular structure is large.high, ladder, stereoblock polymer: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > polymers > [noun]

polymeride1857

polymer1866

macrogol1955

the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [noun] > molecules > polymolecules

polymer1866

polymolecule1934

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxv. 314 Cyanuric Acid... This polymer of cyanic acid is a solid crystalline substance formed on heating urea.

1866–7 Proc. Royal Soc. 15 135 As these hydrocarbons..differ by C₂H₄, it appears to me almost certain that they are polymers of the hydrocarbons of the acetylene series.

1909 Science 26 Feb. 360/2 Bakelite is a polymer of an oxybenzoyl-alcohol-methylene-glycol-anhydride.

1929 W. H. Carothers in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 51 2548 Whatever the term polymer may mean now, it does not mean precisely what Berzelius intended, and the conditions which he set up are not sufficient to define it.

1929 W. H. Carothers in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 51 2549 Two types of polymers may be distinguished... (1) Addition or A polymers. The molecular formula of the monomer is identical with that of the structural unit... (2) Condensation or C polymers: the molecular formula of the monomer differs from that of the structural unit.

1935 C. Ellis Chem. Synthetic Resins I. iv. 53 In a condensation reaction, the polymer is no longer a multiple of the monomer as in the case of the addition polymer.

1974 D. M. Adams Inorg. Solids vii. 239 The most stable polymers for other metals are M₆O₁₉⁸⁻ (M = Nb, Ta), Mo₇O₂₄⁶⁻, Mo₈O₂₆⁴⁻ and HW₆O₂₁⁵⁻.

1978 Prospects for Polymers (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) 1 Not all polymers are man-made: wool, rubber, cotton and silk are examples of natural polymers.

1982 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context: Lab. Man. & Study Guide 169/2 ‘Orlon’ is a polymer of propenenitrile alone; ‘Acrilan’ and ‘Courtelle’ are copolymers, having small amounts of chloroethene (vinyl chloride) copolymerized with the propenenitrile.

1996 Daily Tel. 8 Jan. 18/4 When it comes to polymers, the genetic molecule DNA is the nonpareil.

2. As a mass noun: material composed of a high polymer; polymeric material.

ΚΠ

1946 Nature 5 Oct. 476/2 A high degree of unshrinkability is obtained with 10 per cent of polymer within the fibres.

1992 Guns Illustr. (ed. 24) 90/1 The barrel is also entirely sheathed in polymer, with flat sides and a vented rib on top.

1995 Economist 30 Sept. 137/3 Once the unpolymerised precursor had been washed away, the pattern remained in miniature as a series of blobs of polymer.

1997 New Scientist 15 Nov. 7/2 The thin layer of polymer that covers the clear surface of a CD, DVD or CD-ROM.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

polymer chain n.

ΚΠ

1939 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 170 306 The mechanism of initiation of polymer chains by catalysis has been discussed.

1999 P. W. Grubb Patents for Chemicals (ed. 3) xi. 203 The nature of the end-groups on a polymer chain may modify the properties of the polymer very considerably.

polymer science n.

ΚΠ

1945 Sci. Monthly Jan. 72/1 Research workers who..are interested and qualified in high-polymer science.]

1948 Science 14 May 518/2 The Alfrey book..is thus a significant advance in the field of polymer science.

2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. viii. 310 The important domain of polymer chemistry has become, by degrees, a branch of science almost wholly divorced from the rest of polymer science.

polymer solution n.

ΚΠ

1935 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 148 80 This suggests poly-dispersity of the intermediate polymer solutions.

1996 Swimming Times May 29/2 Glucose polymer solutions may have a similar osmolality to a 4% carbohydrate drink but they will empty more slowly from the stomach.

C2.

polymer chemist n. an expert in or student of polymer chemistry.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemistry as a science > general chemist > specific types of chemist > [noun]

proto-chemist1650

zymologist1828

physico-chemist1866

molecularist1869

food chemist1885

thermochemist1890

photochemist1894

physical chemist1896

zymotechnologist1896

radiochemist1917

immunochemist1930

stereochemist1937

polymer chemist1948

radiation chemist1951

kineticist1960

stereologist1963

1948 Science 19 Nov. 545/2 In recent years polymer chemists have shown how it is possible to synthesize compounds of high molecular weight..from known compounds (monomers) of low molecular weight.

1997 New Scientist 15 Nov. 75/1 (advt.) A polymer chemist..with research experience in the analysis and derivatisation of polysaccharides.

polymer chemistry n. the branch of chemistry concerned with the preparation and properties of polymers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > [noun]

polymer chemistry1945

the world > matter > chemistry > chemistry as a science > branches of chemistry > [noun]

physical chemistry1743

zymology1753

pneumatic chemistry1788

stoicheiometry1807

electrochemistry1811

phytochemistry1837

thermochemistry1844

actinochemistry1845

inorganic chemistry1847

phytochimy1847

biochemistry1848

microchemistry1853

palaeochemistry1854

actinology1855

photochemistry1860

physico-chemistry1860

zymotechny1860

anorganology1876

kinetics1884

structural chemistry1884

stereochemistry1890

spectrochemistry1893

cytochemistry1900

radiochemistry1904

immunochemistry1907

magnetochemistry1914

leptonology1917

surface chemistry1919

crystal chemistry1921

radiation chemistry1926

leptology1928

mechanochemistry1928

agrochemistry1930

sonochemistry1934

quantum chemistry1938

cosmochemistry1940

polymer chemistry1945

conductometry1946

topochemistry1948

proto-chemistry1962

stereology1963

biochem1968

femtochemistry1988

combinatorial chemistry1992

cheminformatics1996

1945 Science 2 Feb. 113/2 A separate division of polymer chemistry has been established under the direction of Dr. Herman F. Mark, professor of organic chemistry.

1953 Endeavour Apr. 92/1 In terms of polymer-chemistry concepts, the molecular shape is changed by the electrostatic field.

1992 D. I. Goldberg U.S. Man-made Fiber Industry ii. 13 Progress in polymer chemistry led to synthetic fibers with price-performance properties often far superior to those of natural and cellulosic fibers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	polymer
释义	polymern. Brit. /ˈpɒlᵻmə/, U.S. /ˈpɑləmər/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: poly- comb. form, -mer comb. form². Etymology: < poly- comb. form + -mer comb. form², after polymeric adj.¹ Compare ancient Greek πολυμερής consisting of many parts. Compare also French polymère (1876 as noun; earlier as adjective in sense ‘polymeric’ (1847 in chemistry)). Cf earlier polymeric adj.¹, polymeride n., polymerism n.¹, and polymerize v. Compare also isomer n., metamer n.¹ Chemistry. 1. Originally: a compound whose formula is an exact multiple of that of another compound, being composed of the same elements in the same proportions. Now: a compound with a molecular structure in which a (usually large) number of similar polyatomic units are bonded together; spec. any of the mainly synthetic organic compounds of this kind which form plastics, resins, etc.The repeating units often correspond to molecules of a single compound, but polymers may also result from combination of two or more different constituents; in either case, linking of the component units may be accompanied by the elimination of small molecules, so that the formula and molecular weight of the polymer are unlikely to be exact multiples of those of a constituent monomer. In some contexts the use of the term polymer is restricted to cases where the number of units in the molecular structure is large.high, ladder, stereoblock polymer: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > polymers > [noun] polymeride1857 polymer1866 macrogol1955 the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [noun] > molecules > polymolecules polymer1866 polymolecule1934 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxv. 314 Cyanuric Acid... This polymer of cyanic acid is a solid crystalline substance formed on heating urea. 1866–7 Proc. Royal Soc. 15 135 As these hydrocarbons..differ by C₂H₄, it appears to me almost certain that they are polymers of the hydrocarbons of the acetylene series. 1909 Science 26 Feb. 360/2 Bakelite is a polymer of an oxybenzoyl-alcohol-methylene-glycol-anhydride. 1929 W. H. Carothers in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 51 2548 Whatever the term polymer may mean now, it does not mean precisely what Berzelius intended, and the conditions which he set up are not sufficient to define it. 1929 W. H. Carothers in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 51 2549 Two types of polymers may be distinguished... (1) Addition or A polymers. The molecular formula of the monomer is identical with that of the structural unit... (2) Condensation or C polymers: the molecular formula of the monomer differs from that of the structural unit. 1935 C. Ellis Chem. Synthetic Resins I. iv. 53 In a condensation reaction, the polymer is no longer a multiple of the monomer as in the case of the addition polymer. 1974 D. M. Adams Inorg. Solids vii. 239 The most stable polymers for other metals are M₆O₁₉⁸⁻ (M = Nb, Ta), Mo₇O₂₄⁶⁻, Mo₈O₂₆⁴⁻ and HW₆O₂₁⁵⁻. 1978 Prospects for Polymers (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) 1 Not all polymers are man-made: wool, rubber, cotton and silk are examples of natural polymers. 1982 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context: Lab. Man. & Study Guide 169/2 ‘Orlon’ is a polymer of propenenitrile alone; ‘Acrilan’ and ‘Courtelle’ are copolymers, having small amounts of chloroethene (vinyl chloride) copolymerized with the propenenitrile. 1996 Daily Tel. 8 Jan. 18/4 When it comes to polymers, the genetic molecule DNA is the nonpareil. 2. As a mass noun: material composed of a high polymer; polymeric material. ΚΠ 1946 Nature 5 Oct. 476/2 A high degree of unshrinkability is obtained with 10 per cent of polymer within the fibres. 1992 Guns Illustr. (ed. 24) 90/1 The barrel is also entirely sheathed in polymer, with flat sides and a vented rib on top. 1995 Economist 30 Sept. 137/3 Once the unpolymerised precursor had been washed away, the pattern remained in miniature as a series of blobs of polymer. 1997 New Scientist 15 Nov. 7/2 The thin layer of polymer that covers the clear surface of a CD, DVD or CD-ROM. Compounds C1. General attributive. polymer chain n. ΚΠ 1939 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 170 306 The mechanism of initiation of polymer chains by catalysis has been discussed. 1999 P. W. Grubb Patents for Chemicals (ed. 3) xi. 203 The nature of the end-groups on a polymer chain may modify the properties of the polymer very considerably. polymer science n. ΚΠ 1945 Sci. Monthly Jan. 72/1 Research workers who..are interested and qualified in high-polymer science.] 1948 Science 14 May 518/2 The Alfrey book..is thus a significant advance in the field of polymer science. 2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. viii. 310 The important domain of polymer chemistry has become, by degrees, a branch of science almost wholly divorced from the rest of polymer science. polymer solution n. ΚΠ 1935 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 148 80 This suggests poly-dispersity of the intermediate polymer solutions. 1996 Swimming Times May 29/2 Glucose polymer solutions may have a similar osmolality to a 4% carbohydrate drink but they will empty more slowly from the stomach. C2. polymer chemist n. an expert in or student of polymer chemistry. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemistry as a science > general chemist > specific types of chemist > [noun] proto-chemist1650 zymologist1828 physico-chemist1866 molecularist1869 food chemist1885 thermochemist1890 photochemist1894 physical chemist1896 zymotechnologist1896 radiochemist1917 immunochemist1930 stereochemist1937 polymer chemist1948 radiation chemist1951 kineticist1960 stereologist1963 1948 Science 19 Nov. 545/2 In recent years polymer chemists have shown how it is possible to synthesize compounds of high molecular weight..from known compounds (monomers) of low molecular weight. 1997 New Scientist 15 Nov. 75/1 (advt.) A polymer chemist..with research experience in the analysis and derivatisation of polysaccharides. polymer chemistry n. the branch of chemistry concerned with the preparation and properties of polymers. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > [noun] polymer chemistry1945 the world > matter > chemistry > chemistry as a science > branches of chemistry > [noun] physical chemistry1743 zymology1753 pneumatic chemistry1788 stoicheiometry1807 electrochemistry1811 phytochemistry1837 thermochemistry1844 actinochemistry1845 inorganic chemistry1847 phytochimy1847 biochemistry1848 microchemistry1853 palaeochemistry1854 actinology1855 photochemistry1860 physico-chemistry1860 zymotechny1860 anorganology1876 kinetics1884 structural chemistry1884 stereochemistry1890 spectrochemistry1893 cytochemistry1900 radiochemistry1904 immunochemistry1907 magnetochemistry1914 leptonology1917 surface chemistry1919 crystal chemistry1921 radiation chemistry1926 leptology1928 mechanochemistry1928 agrochemistry1930 sonochemistry1934 quantum chemistry1938 cosmochemistry1940 polymer chemistry1945 conductometry1946 topochemistry1948 proto-chemistry1962 stereology1963 biochem1968 femtochemistry1988 combinatorial chemistry1992 cheminformatics1996 1945 Science 2 Feb. 113/2 A separate division of polymer chemistry has been established under the direction of Dr. Herman F. Mark, professor of organic chemistry. 1953 Endeavour Apr. 92/1 In terms of polymer-chemistry concepts, the molecular shape is changed by the electrostatic field. 1992 D. I. Goldberg U.S. Man-made Fiber Industry ii. 13 Progress in polymer chemistry led to synthetic fibers with price-performance properties often far superior to those of natural and cellulosic fibers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1866
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