praetorn.

Brit.

/ˈpriːtə/,

/ˈpriːtɔː/, U.S.

/ˈpridər/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s pretour, late Middle English– pretor, 1500s– praetor; Scottish pre-1700 pretoir, pre-1700 pretor, pre-1700 pretore, pre-1700 pretour, pre-1700 1700s– praetor.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pretour, preteur; Latin praetor.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pretour, pretore, and Middle French preteur (in ancient Rome) magistrate who governs a province (13th cent.; 1213 in Old French as pretor ; French préteur ) and its etymon classical Latin praetor leader, commander, magistrate, especially at Rome, literally ‘person who goes before’ < praeīre to go before ( < prae pre- prefix + īre to go: see exit n.) + -tor , agent-noun suffix (see -or suffix). Compare Spanish pretor (a1396 or earlier), Portuguese pretor (15th cent.), Italian pretore (1308).Compare Old English pretorium praetor (one isolated attestation; apparently intended as an accusative singular form):eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iii. xi. 77 Þa sendon hie eft Cecilium heora pretorium [L. praetor] mid firde þær Gallie & Bryti ætgædere wæron.

1. Roman History. One of the magistrates annually elected to the judiciary of Rome, subordinate to the consuls particularly in administration of the provinces. Cf. peregrine praetor n. at peregrine adj. 5.Originally the title of the consul as leader of the army; after 366 b.c.the title of an elected magistrate, at first one, subsequently either of two, and eventually any of eighteen.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces

praetor?a1439

aga1542

emir1542

imperator1590

crownerc1600

ban1614

sardar1615

duke1652

dey1656

hetman1710

stratopedarch1788

commandant1791

tuchun1917

war-lord1922

myriarch1949

society > authority > office > holder of office > Roman magistrates and officials > [noun] > praetor

praetor?a1439

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. 537 (MED) I made hym fortunat, Lefte neuere, til I hadde hym brouht Bi a prerogatiff chose of the senat To been a pretour, an offise of estat.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 195 (MED) The wowarde..hade..vc horse men..with the senatours, pretors [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. pretories; L. prætorum], and consulles.

a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) iv. 1527 And of þe pretor [s] twenty men, And grettast of þe consel þen.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 116 He desirit the office of pretoir at the senat.

1599 J. Rainolds Overthrow Stage-playes 65 I..had an eye to the point in question betwene vs, to weet, whether the Prætor, whose edict expressed the ancient Romans law, pronounced all stage-players infamous.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. iv. 37 The throng that followes Cæsar at the heeles, Of Senators, of Prætors, common Sutors.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxii. 118 The Romans who had the Soveraignty of many Provinces; yet governed them alwaies by Presidents, and Prætors; and not by Assemblies.

1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires iii. 41 The Prætor bids his Lictors mend their pace.

1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. p. viii He likewise pleaded for Arionilla and was raised to be Prætor of the City, when the Philosophers were again expelled by Domitian.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 35 The prætors, annually created as the judges of law and equity.

1852 W. J. Conybeare & J. S. Howson Life & Epist. St. Paul II. xxvi. 429 The Emperor was prætor or commander-in-chief of the troops.

1881 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 2 291 The magistrates of the city [sc. Temnos] mentioned are the five praetors,..the three quaestors,..and the four mensarii.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 513/2 The Annales Maximi of the Pontifex Maximus, the annual edicts of the praetor, the lists of..senators..and jurors..were exhibited in this manner.

1992 J. M. Kelly Short Hist. Western Legal Theory ii. 57 The praetor's function in importing equitable values into the administration of justice..was summarized in the second century ad..by the jurist Papinian.

2. A person holding high civic or administrative office, as a mayor, chief magistrate, etc. Frequently as a title.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun]

reeveeOE

high reeveOE

praetor?a1439

surveyor1548

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 2796 (MED) And vnto hym thei gaf..Of a pretor newli an offis; For pretores of custom callid be Officers that duelle in the cite And han ful charge, bi doom & iugementis, To putte al gilti to peyne & to tormentis.

c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 71 (MED) And þese ben þey þe which þis grauntyng and confermyng haue i-made: Nigell, that tyme Deene of Oxonforde..laurence Kepeherme and thomas of tadmarton, þen pretores or pletoures.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xlviii No man beynge in Auctorytie of any hygh offyce as prouost pretour or any lyke offyce.

a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 81 At the pleasure of the Chancellour or Prætor onely.

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Pretor, a Maior, or chiefe Officer.

1676 London Gaz. No. 1106/2 The 30 past, the Pretor of Palermo sent to acquaint the Sieur de Haen, that the French Fleet had been seen.

1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 100 And now we're in London let's pass this Affair, And praise the good Prætor now sits in the Chair.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 305 Andrea Cornelio,..prætor of Verona, prefect of Bressia, proveditor-general of the army on the Venetian Terra ferma.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxii. 705 No two of these rural prætors had exactly the same notion of what was equitable.

1934 F. Pitigliani Ital. Corporative State iii. iv. 70 The Pretor or the President may, if the parties so request,..adjourn the case for a period not exceeding ten days.

1971 J. Blish Star Trek 4 101 Both the Federation Council and the Romulan Praetor are being informed of this situation.

1993 D. Offer in L. Dobroszycki & J. S. Gurock Holocaust in Soviet Union iii. 141 Every community had to choose a ‘head’ from among the deportees to serve as its spokesman, pending the approval of the pretor of the region (usually a Romanian officer).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	praetor
释义	praetorn. Brit. /ˈpriːtə/, /ˈpriːtɔː/, U.S. /ˈpridər/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s pretour, late Middle English– pretor, 1500s– praetor; Scottish pre-1700 pretoir, pre-1700 pretor, pre-1700 pretore, pre-1700 pretour, pre-1700 1700s– praetor. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pretour, preteur; Latin praetor. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pretour, pretore, and Middle French preteur (in ancient Rome) magistrate who governs a province (13th cent.; 1213 in Old French as pretor ; French préteur ) and its etymon classical Latin praetor leader, commander, magistrate, especially at Rome, literally ‘person who goes before’ < praeīre to go before ( < prae pre- prefix + īre to go: see exit n.) + -tor , agent-noun suffix (see -or suffix). Compare Spanish pretor (a1396 or earlier), Portuguese pretor (15th cent.), Italian pretore (1308).Compare Old English pretorium praetor (one isolated attestation; apparently intended as an accusative singular form):eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iii. xi. 77 Þa sendon hie eft Cecilium heora pretorium [L. praetor] mid firde þær Gallie & Bryti ætgædere wæron. 1. Roman History. One of the magistrates annually elected to the judiciary of Rome, subordinate to the consuls particularly in administration of the provinces. Cf. peregrine praetor n. at peregrine adj. 5.Originally the title of the consul as leader of the army; after 366 b.c.the title of an elected magistrate, at first one, subsequently either of two, and eventually any of eighteen. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces praetor?a1439 aga1542 emir1542 imperator1590 crownerc1600 ban1614 sardar1615 duke1652 dey1656 hetman1710 stratopedarch1788 commandant1791 tuchun1917 war-lord1922 myriarch1949 society > authority > office > holder of office > Roman magistrates and officials > [noun] > praetor praetor?a1439 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. 537 (MED) I made hym fortunat, Lefte neuere, til I hadde hym brouht Bi a prerogatiff chose of the senat To been a pretour, an offise of estat. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 195 (MED) The wowarde..hade..vc horse men..with the senatours, pretors [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. pretories; L. prætorum], and consulles. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) iv. 1527 And of þe pretor [s] twenty men, And grettast of þe consel þen. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 116 He desirit the office of pretoir at the senat. 1599 J. Rainolds Overthrow Stage-playes 65 I..had an eye to the point in question betwene vs, to weet, whether the Prætor, whose edict expressed the ancient Romans law, pronounced all stage-players infamous. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. iv. 37 The throng that followes Cæsar at the heeles, Of Senators, of Prætors, common Sutors. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxii. 118 The Romans who had the Soveraignty of many Provinces; yet governed them alwaies by Presidents, and Prætors; and not by Assemblies. 1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires iii. 41 The Prætor bids his Lictors mend their pace. 1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. p. viii He likewise pleaded for Arionilla and was raised to be Prætor of the City, when the Philosophers were again expelled by Domitian. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 35 The prætors, annually created as the judges of law and equity. 1852 W. J. Conybeare & J. S. Howson Life & Epist. St. Paul II. xxvi. 429 The Emperor was prætor or commander-in-chief of the troops. 1881 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 2 291 The magistrates of the city [sc. Temnos] mentioned are the five praetors,..the three quaestors,..and the four mensarii. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 513/2 The Annales Maximi of the Pontifex Maximus, the annual edicts of the praetor, the lists of..senators..and jurors..were exhibited in this manner. 1992 J. M. Kelly Short Hist. Western Legal Theory ii. 57 The praetor's function in importing equitable values into the administration of justice..was summarized in the second century ad..by the jurist Papinian. 2. A person holding high civic or administrative office, as a mayor, chief magistrate, etc. Frequently as a title. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] reeveeOE high reeveOE praetor?a1439 surveyor1548 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 2796 (MED) And vnto hym thei gaf..Of a pretor newli an offis; For pretores of custom callid be Officers that duelle in the cite And han ful charge, bi doom & iugementis, To putte al gilti to peyne & to tormentis. c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 71 (MED) And þese ben þey þe which þis grauntyng and confermyng haue i-made: Nigell, that tyme Deene of Oxonforde..laurence Kepeherme and thomas of tadmarton, þen pretores or pletoures. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xlviii No man beynge in Auctorytie of any hygh offyce as prouost pretour or any lyke offyce. a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 81 At the pleasure of the Chancellour or Prætor onely. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Pretor, a Maior, or chiefe Officer. 1676 London Gaz. No. 1106/2 The 30 past, the Pretor of Palermo sent to acquaint the Sieur de Haen, that the French Fleet had been seen. 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 100 And now we're in London let's pass this Affair, And praise the good Prætor now sits in the Chair. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 305 Andrea Cornelio,..prætor of Verona, prefect of Bressia, proveditor-general of the army on the Venetian Terra ferma. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxii. 705 No two of these rural prætors had exactly the same notion of what was equitable. 1934 F. Pitigliani Ital. Corporative State iii. iv. 70 The Pretor or the President may, if the parties so request,..adjourn the case for a period not exceeding ten days. 1971 J. Blish Star Trek 4 101 Both the Federation Council and the Romulan Praetor are being informed of this situation. 1993 D. Offer in L. Dobroszycki & J. S. Gurock Holocaust in Soviet Union iii. 141 Every community had to choose a ‘head’ from among the deportees to serve as its spokesman, pending the approval of the pretor of the region (usually a Romanian officer). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1439
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