pollardn.¹

Brit.

/ˈpɒləd/,

/ˈpɒlɑːd/, U.S.

/ˈpɑlərd/

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: poll n.¹, -ard suffix.

Etymology: Apparently < poll n.¹ + -ard suffix, so called on account of its device, a bare (i.e. uncrowned or garlanded) head. Compare crockard n.Earlier currency is probably implied by post-classical Latin pollardus (from 1299 in British sources) and by Anglo-Norman pollard (probably < Middle English) in the following example:1299 in Statutes of Realm (1810) I. 131 Nostre Roiaume e les autres terres de nostre seignurie sunt replenis de diverse mauveises monees, que sunt appelez ‘Pollardz’ et ‘Crokardz’.

Numismatics. historical.

A coin made in imitation of the English silver penny of Edward I (1272–1307) by European mints, mostly in the Low Countries, the bust on the obverse being bare-headed. Cf. rosary n. 1The coin generally had the ostensible value of an English halfpenny; it was declared illegal in 1299 (cf. quot. 1299 in etymological note).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > false coin > [noun] > specific

crockard1300

lushburg1346

pollarda1387

rosarya1387

eagle1577

Leonine1577

morgan1659

rap1724

mitre1749

Paduan1770

Bungtown copper or cent1787

rap halfpenny1787

stampee1795

Jack1851

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 289 Kyng Edward dampned..fals money þat was slyliche i-brouȝt up; men cleped þe money pollardes [L. pollardas], crocardes..and were putte forþ..priveliche in stede of sterlynges.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 182 Certein coynes of money called Pollards.

1601–2 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 41 If..the obligee refuseth the money when it is tendered in pollardes, which afterward are embased.

1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 205 The same King likewise called in certaine Counterfeit peices coyned by the French, called Pollards.

1716 M. Davies Crit. Hist. 78 in Athenæ Britannicæ III Forreign Coyns and Counterfeit-Money..by the Name of Pollards, Crocards, [etc.].

1817 R. Ruding Ann. Coinage I. 386 These coins were..distinguished by the names of Pollards, Crocards, Scaldings, Brabants, Eagles.

1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. ii. 178 A considerable circulation of Flemish coins, apparently of low purity... Pollards, Crockards, Scaldings, [etc.].

1931 A. Feaveryear Pound Sterling (1963) i. 13 Base coins known as pollards..introduced, it was suspected, by the Italian merchants and bankers.

1982 Speculum 57 766 The circulation of bad money, known as pollards and crockards..caused many prices to rise.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† pollardn.³

Forms: 1500s polard, 1600s–1700s pollard.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: poll n.¹, -ard suffix.

Etymology: < poll n.¹ + -ard suffix, apparently so called on account of its large head. Compare chevin n.

Obsolete. rare.

The chub, Leuciscus cephalus. Cf. poll n.¹ 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > cyprinus cephalus (chub)

chevinc1450

chub1496

chavender?a1500

pollard1585

botlinga1609

guff1655

sea-chub1668

poll1755

skelly1769

fallfisha1811

big-head1820

1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 65/2 Capito,..cephalus fluuialis. Munier,..vilain,..testard, a capitis magnitudine. A Polard.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Munier A miller..; also, a Pollard, or Cheuin (fish).

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Pollard, a Chevin or Chub-fish.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

pollardadj.n.²

Brit.

/ˈpɒləd/,

/ˈpɒlɑːd/, U.S.

/ˈpɑlərd/

Forms: 1500s polerde, 1500s pollarde, 1500s–1700s polard, 1500s– pollard, 1600s polord.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: poll v., -ard suffix.

Etymology: < poll v. + -ard suffix. Compare post-classical Latin pollardus bran (1283 in a British source).

A. adj. (attributive).

1. Of wheat: awnless. Cf. sense B. 2, polled adj.¹ 5. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [adjective] > of or containing wheat > of, belonging to, or resembling wheat plant > of particular types

pollard?1523

white-bearded1607

red-bearded1634

buckwheat1774

speltoid1920

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xviii^v Polerde whete hath no anis.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 26^v We call it pold or pollard, that hath no Aanes vpon the eares.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Mddx. 189 The Mildew..which sticketh on notted or pollard Wheat.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1708) 97 There are several sorts of Wheat, as..white and red Pollard-wheat..some of which..are more agreeable to some sorts of Land than others.

1782 R. Dossie Mem. Agric. III. ii. 49 I sowed broad-cast three acres and six poles, with four strikes of the mixed kind, and three strikes of the pollard wheat.

1932 Amer. Anthropologist 34 306 I stated that it resembled either our ‘club’ (Triticum compactum) or ‘Pollard’ (Triticum turgidum) wheat, which would seem to indicate a doubt in my mind between the two classifications.

a. Of a tree: that is a pollard (see B. 4), pollarded; cut back, lopped. Of wood: from a tree of this type. Cf. polled adj.¹ 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [adjective] > pruned or lopped

doddedc1440

lopped1570

stubbed1575

polled1587

pollard1638

putatory1656

sneddedc1700

topped1712

pollarded?1790

lopping1795

spurring-in1829

summer-pruned1830

trunkless1897

1638 R. Farley Kalenderivm Humanæ Vitæ sig. E7 The ancient Pollard Oake ofttimes doth see, The overthrowing of a Young Beech tree.

1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ 93 These Pollard or Shrouded Trees need no Fence to be maintained about them.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 161 A proper Place in the open Forest..under a little cluster of low Pollard-Trees.

1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) I. ii. 207 Grubbing up an old pollard ash.

1815 M. Birkbeck Notes Journey through France 48 The olive is a miserable looking tree, most like a pollard willow.

1880 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant xxxiv. 487 The pollard firs upon the ramparts stood out distinctly in fantastic forms.

1933 Burlington Mag. July 36/1 It is of mulberry wood and pollard elm, so scraped and stained as to produce a curiously attractive mottling in the grain.

1992 Nat. World Spring 29/1 A scattering of gnarled old coppice and pollard stools at the Stiperstones in Shropshire.

†b. humorous. Of a person: bald-headed. Cf. polled adj.¹ 1. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > [adjective] > having no

calloweOE

baldc1386

as bald (bare, black) as a coot1430

forehead-bald1530

pilled-pated1542

bald-pate1578

bald-headed1580

bald-pated1606

bald-head1820

baldish1833

tonsured1855

pollard1856

thin on top1869

slap-headed1994

1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xxxi. 270 Flecks of light in his flat vista of pollard old men.

B. n.²

†1. Originally: a male deer that has cast its antlers. Later: a hornless domestic animal of a breed that is typically horned; an animal of a hornless breed. Cf. polled adj.¹ 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > subfamily Caprinae (goat) > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of > goat defined by

pollard1546

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [noun] > projection on head > horn > animal with horns > that's lost its horns

pollard1546

moulleen1830

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of > (parts of) horn > animal(s) defined by horns

pollard1546

horn-beasta1616

horn-cattle1793

nott1794

coaster horn1890

1546 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 251 Ye shall se a polard or tow, both rid & falow, & se all our good coxs fight.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 138 The Pollarde on the otherside, finding him selfe vnarmed, is milder and quieter by much.

1622 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster (new ed.) v. 72 2 Ci. He had no Hornes sir had he? Cap. No sir, hee's a Pollard.

1682 T. D'Urfey Injured Princess iii. iii. 29 Come Brother, I lodg'd a stately Stag last night, A Pollard that has newly cast his head.

1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum 304 The sort of goat without horns or such as are call'd pollards, are much commended.

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 128 Pollard-cow, one without horns.

†2. Awnless wheat. Cf. sense A. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > wheat > types of wheat grain or plant

spelta1000

farc1420

ador?1440

flaxen wheat?1523

Peak-wheat?1523

red wheat?1523

white wheat?1523

duck-bill wheat1553

zea1562

alica1565

buck1577

amelcorn1578

horse-flower1578

tiphe1578

pollard1580

rivet1580

Saracen's corn1585

French wheat1593

Lammas-wheat1594

starch corn1597

St. Peter's corn1597

frumenty1600

secourgeon1600

polwheat1601

duck-wheat1611

kidneys of wheat1611

ograve wheat1616

soft wheat1640

cone-wheat1677

Lammas1677

Poland wheat1686

Saracen corn1687

pole rivet1707

Smyrna wheat1735

hard wheat1757

hen corn1765

velvet wheat1771

white straw1771

nonpareil1805

thick-set wheat1808

cone1826

farro1828

Polish wheat1832

velvet-ear wheat1837

sarrasin1840

mummy wheat1842

snowdrop1844

Red Fife1857

flint-wheat1859

dinkel1866

thick-set1875

spring1884

macaroni wheat1901

einkorn1904

marquis1906

durum1908

emmer1908

hedgehog wheat1909

speltoid1939

1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 21 White pollard or red, that so richly is set: for land that is heauie, is best ye can get.

1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) v. xii. 543 The next is small Pollard, which loues an indifferent earth.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. v. 268/2 Heavy land is best for white and red Pollard, and Turkey and French Wheat.

1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northants. ix. 477 White Wheat or white Pollard: a Variety not noted in Mr. Ray's Synop. Stirp. Brit.

1790 S. Deane New-Eng. Farmer 314/2 Grey pollard, or duck bill wheat, with long beards.

3. Bran sifted from flour; spec. a fine grade of bran containing some flour; (also) flour or meal containing fine bran. Cf. topping n.¹ 4a. Now chiefly Australian.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > bran > [noun] > fine bran

pollard1742

randan1858

toppings1880

1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. vi. 168/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I The coursest of the bran (vsuallie called gurgeons or pollard).

1601 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 291 The Serjeants of the pastry..to have for their fees all the pollard which comes of the meale.

1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman July xvii. 101 Mix fine Pollard with fresh Pot-liquor.

1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 lxxi. 309 I feed my horse with the chaff, and add but one eighth part of pollard.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 405 A bushel of wheat..will yield, on being ground,—Of bread flour 47, fine pollard 4¹/ ₄, coarse pollard 4, bran 2³/ ₄, Loss of weight..2; = 60 lbs.

1878 Nature 27 June 229/2 Mill-products termed ‘coarse sharps’, ‘fine pollard’, ‘coarse pollard’, and ‘long bran’.

1948 P. White Aunt's Story 34 The pollard had caked hard on his hard hands.

1982 T. Winton Open Swimmer 28 He spread some pollard on the water.

2004 Weekly Times (Austral.) (Nexis) 16 July 53 The best way to feed bran and pollard is in a pelleted form.

4. A tree which has had its upper trunk and branches cut back, so as to produce new growth and a uniform shape. Cf. pollinger n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > lopped or sculpted tree or pollard

pollinger1570

pollard1588

lop1656

runnel1673

bolling1691

rundlea1697

polder1704

lop-stick1821

animal tree1884

1588 in F. G. Emmison Essex Wills (1998) (modernized text) XI. 252 To my wife the wood, pollards and roots that lie in Hollingworth Lane, Hollingworth Wood and at Hollingworth gate.

1611 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) For sa[w]ing and cleving owt of polords vj.

1662 W. Petty Treat. Taxes 44 The same ill husbandry, as to make fuel of young saplings, instead of dotards and pollards.

1727 D. Eaton Let. 5 Jan. (1971) 88 They shall mark all the trees & pollards that ought to stand.

1796 Accurate & Impartial Narr. Campaigns 1793–4 (ed. 3) I. ii. ii. 103 Impenetrable hedge rows, composed of sturdy pollards.

1859 W. S. Coleman Our Woodlands 64 Even the stunted pollard..is not without its pictorial value.

1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Mar. 3/3 Large numbers of spear trees are destroyed while decaying pollards are left standing.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xvii. 67 A little stream, with pollards on both sides of it.

1974 W. Condry Woodlands ii. 30 The grotesque shapes of pollards like those at Burnham Beeches.

2002 Best of Brit. Nov. 5/1 Willow poles cut from the pollard—a tree with its growth of coppice poles maintained above the height of grazing animals.

Compounds

Instrumental.

pollard-lined adj.

ΚΠ

1885 G. Allen Babylon iii. xxix. 1 Long straight pollard-lined roads.

2000 D. Silverman Van Gogh & Gauguin ii. ii. 58 Subjects included pollard-lined strips of road, windmills, tree alleys.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pollardv.

Brit.

/ˈpɒləd/,

/ˈpɒlɑːd/, U.S.

/ˈpɑlərd/

Forms: 1600s pollar'd (past participle), 1700s– pollard.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pollard n.²

Etymology: < pollard n.²

transitive. To cut back the upper trunk and branches of (a tree); to make a pollard of. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [verb (transitive)] > trees: prune or lop

sneda800

shredc1000

crop?c1225

purgec1384

parea1398

shear1398

shridea1425

dodc1440

polla1449

twist1483

top1509

stow1513

lop1519

bough?1523

head?1523

poll-shred1530

prune1547

prime1565

twig1570

reform1574

disbranch1575

shroud1577

snathe1609

detruncate1623

amputate1638

abnodate1656

duba1661

to strip up1664

reprune1666

pollard1670

shrub1682

log1699

switch1811

limb1835

preen1847

to cut back1871

shrig1873

brash1950

summer prune1980

1670 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) xviii. §1. 80 The Black Poplar is frequently pollar'd when as big as ones arm, eight or nine foot from the ground.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry ii. 351 Those that are pollarded grow the most knotty and full of Burs.

1779 H. Swinburne Trav. Spain xi. 84 The olive-trees grow to a great size, their luxuriant branches not being so closely pollarded as in France.

1836 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth (1874) 2nd Ser. 75 I hate to see trees pollarded—or nations.

1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 420 The natives pollard the trees when at a height of ten to twelve feet.

1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xi. 85 The son of one of them, a wood-cutter, was perched high above their heads, pollarding one of the churchyard elms.

1960 J. W. Bellah Sergeant Rutledge ii. 5 It greensticked Isham's jaw, pollarded him.

1992 National Trust Mag. Spring 35/2 Ash trees were pollarded every 12 years or so to provide leaf-fodder for cattle and sheep.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹a1387

n.³1585

adj.n.²?1523

v.1670

单词	pollard
释义	pollardn.¹ Brit. /ˈpɒləd/, /ˈpɒlɑːd/, U.S. /ˈpɑlərd/ Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: poll n.¹, -ard suffix. Etymology: Apparently < poll n.¹ + -ard suffix, so called on account of its device, a bare (i.e. uncrowned or garlanded) head. Compare crockard n.Earlier currency is probably implied by post-classical Latin pollardus (from 1299 in British sources) and by Anglo-Norman pollard (probably < Middle English) in the following example:1299 in Statutes of Realm (1810) I. 131 Nostre Roiaume e les autres terres de nostre seignurie sunt replenis de diverse mauveises monees, que sunt appelez ‘Pollardz’ et ‘Crokardz’. Numismatics. historical. A coin made in imitation of the English silver penny of Edward I (1272–1307) by European mints, mostly in the Low Countries, the bust on the obverse being bare-headed. Cf. rosary n. 1The coin generally had the ostensible value of an English halfpenny; it was declared illegal in 1299 (cf. quot. 1299 in etymological note). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > false coin > [noun] > specific crockard1300 lushburg1346 pollarda1387 rosarya1387 eagle1577 Leonine1577 morgan1659 rap1724 mitre1749 Paduan1770 Bungtown copper or cent1787 rap halfpenny1787 stampee1795 Jack1851 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 289 Kyng Edward dampned..fals money þat was slyliche i-brouȝt up; men cleped þe money pollardes [L. pollardas], crocardes..and were putte forþ..priveliche in stede of sterlynges. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 182 Certein coynes of money called Pollards. 1601–2 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 41 If..the obligee refuseth the money when it is tendered in pollardes, which afterward are embased. 1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 205 The same King likewise called in certaine Counterfeit peices coyned by the French, called Pollards. 1716 M. Davies Crit. Hist. 78 in Athenæ Britannicæ III Forreign Coyns and Counterfeit-Money..by the Name of Pollards, Crocards, [etc.]. 1817 R. Ruding Ann. Coinage I. 386 These coins were..distinguished by the names of Pollards, Crocards, Scaldings, Brabants, Eagles. 1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. ii. 178 A considerable circulation of Flemish coins, apparently of low purity... Pollards, Crockards, Scaldings, [etc.]. 1931 A. Feaveryear Pound Sterling (1963) i. 13 Base coins known as pollards..introduced, it was suspected, by the Italian merchants and bankers. 1982 Speculum 57 766 The circulation of bad money, known as pollards and crockards..caused many prices to rise. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † pollardn.³ Forms: 1500s polard, 1600s–1700s pollard. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: poll n.¹, -ard suffix. Etymology: < poll n.¹ + -ard suffix, apparently so called on account of its large head. Compare chevin n. Obsolete. rare. The chub, Leuciscus cephalus. Cf. poll n.¹ 6. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > cyprinus cephalus (chub) chevinc1450 chub1496 chavender?a1500 pollard1585 botlinga1609 guff1655 sea-chub1668 poll1755 skelly1769 fallfisha1811 big-head1820 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 65/2 Capito,..cephalus fluuialis. Munier,..vilain,..testard, a capitis magnitudine. A Polard. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Munier A miller..; also, a Pollard, or Cheuin (fish). 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Pollard, a Chevin or Chub-fish. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2020). pollardadj.n.² Brit. /ˈpɒləd/, /ˈpɒlɑːd/, U.S. /ˈpɑlərd/ Forms: 1500s polerde, 1500s pollarde, 1500s–1700s polard, 1500s– pollard, 1600s polord. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: poll v., -ard suffix. Etymology: < poll v. + -ard suffix. Compare post-classical Latin pollardus bran (1283 in a British source). A. adj. (attributive). 1. Of wheat: awnless. Cf. sense B. 2, polled adj.¹ 5. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [adjective] > of or containing wheat > of, belonging to, or resembling wheat plant > of particular types pollard?1523 white-bearded1607 red-bearded1634 buckwheat1774 speltoid1920 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xviii^v Polerde whete hath no anis. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 26^v We call it pold or pollard, that hath no Aanes vpon the eares. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Mddx. 189 The Mildew..which sticketh on notted or pollard Wheat. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1708) 97 There are several sorts of Wheat, as..white and red Pollard-wheat..some of which..are more agreeable to some sorts of Land than others. 1782 R. Dossie Mem. Agric. III. ii. 49 I sowed broad-cast three acres and six poles, with four strikes of the mixed kind, and three strikes of the pollard wheat. 1932 Amer. Anthropologist 34 306 I stated that it resembled either our ‘club’ (Triticum compactum) or ‘Pollard’ (Triticum turgidum) wheat, which would seem to indicate a doubt in my mind between the two classifications. 2. a. Of a tree: that is a pollard (see B. 4), pollarded; cut back, lopped. Of wood: from a tree of this type. Cf. polled adj.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [adjective] > pruned or lopped doddedc1440 lopped1570 stubbed1575 polled1587 pollard1638 putatory1656 sneddedc1700 topped1712 pollarded?1790 lopping1795 spurring-in1829 summer-pruned1830 trunkless1897 1638 R. Farley Kalenderivm Humanæ Vitæ sig. E7 The ancient Pollard Oake ofttimes doth see, The overthrowing of a Young Beech tree. 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ 93 These Pollard or Shrouded Trees need no Fence to be maintained about them. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 161 A proper Place in the open Forest..under a little cluster of low Pollard-Trees. 1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) I. ii. 207 Grubbing up an old pollard ash. 1815 M. Birkbeck Notes Journey through France 48 The olive is a miserable looking tree, most like a pollard willow. 1880 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant xxxiv. 487 The pollard firs upon the ramparts stood out distinctly in fantastic forms. 1933 Burlington Mag. July 36/1 It is of mulberry wood and pollard elm, so scraped and stained as to produce a curiously attractive mottling in the grain. 1992 Nat. World Spring 29/1 A scattering of gnarled old coppice and pollard stools at the Stiperstones in Shropshire. †b. humorous. Of a person: bald-headed. Cf. polled adj.¹ 1. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > [adjective] > having no calloweOE baldc1386 as bald (bare, black) as a coot1430 forehead-bald1530 pilled-pated1542 bald-pate1578 bald-headed1580 bald-pated1606 bald-head1820 baldish1833 tonsured1855 pollard1856 thin on top1869 slap-headed1994 1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xxxi. 270 Flecks of light in his flat vista of pollard old men. B. n.² †1. Originally: a male deer that has cast its antlers. Later: a hornless domestic animal of a breed that is typically horned; an animal of a hornless breed. Cf. polled adj.¹ 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > subfamily Caprinae (goat) > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of > goat defined by pollard1546 the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [noun] > projection on head > horn > animal with horns > that's lost its horns pollard1546 moulleen1830 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of > (parts of) horn > animal(s) defined by horns pollard1546 horn-beasta1616 horn-cattle1793 nott1794 coaster horn1890 1546 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 251 Ye shall se a polard or tow, both rid & falow, & se all our good coxs fight. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 138 The Pollarde on the otherside, finding him selfe vnarmed, is milder and quieter by much. 1622 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster (new ed.) v. 72 2 Ci. He had no Hornes sir had he? Cap. No sir, hee's a Pollard. 1682 T. D'Urfey Injured Princess iii. iii. 29 Come Brother, I lodg'd a stately Stag last night, A Pollard that has newly cast his head. 1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum 304 The sort of goat without horns or such as are call'd pollards, are much commended. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 128 Pollard-cow, one without horns. †2. Awnless wheat. Cf. sense A. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > wheat > types of wheat grain or plant spelta1000 farc1420 ador?1440 flaxen wheat?1523 Peak-wheat?1523 red wheat?1523 white wheat?1523 duck-bill wheat1553 zea1562 alica1565 buck1577 amelcorn1578 horse-flower1578 tiphe1578 pollard1580 rivet1580 Saracen's corn1585 French wheat1593 Lammas-wheat1594 starch corn1597 St. Peter's corn1597 frumenty1600 secourgeon1600 polwheat1601 duck-wheat1611 kidneys of wheat1611 ograve wheat1616 soft wheat1640 cone-wheat1677 Lammas1677 Poland wheat1686 Saracen corn1687 pole rivet1707 Smyrna wheat1735 hard wheat1757 hen corn1765 velvet wheat1771 white straw1771 nonpareil1805 thick-set wheat1808 cone1826 farro1828 Polish wheat1832 velvet-ear wheat1837 sarrasin1840 mummy wheat1842 snowdrop1844 Red Fife1857 flint-wheat1859 dinkel1866 thick-set1875 spring1884 macaroni wheat1901 einkorn1904 marquis1906 durum1908 emmer1908 hedgehog wheat1909 speltoid1939 1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 21 White pollard or red, that so richly is set: for land that is heauie, is best ye can get. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) v. xii. 543 The next is small Pollard, which loues an indifferent earth. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. v. 268/2 Heavy land is best for white and red Pollard, and Turkey and French Wheat. 1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northants. ix. 477 White Wheat or white Pollard: a Variety not noted in Mr. Ray's Synop. Stirp. Brit. 1790 S. Deane New-Eng. Farmer 314/2 Grey pollard, or duck bill wheat, with long beards. 3. Bran sifted from flour; spec. a fine grade of bran containing some flour; (also) flour or meal containing fine bran. Cf. topping n.¹ 4a. Now chiefly Australian. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > bran > [noun] > fine bran pollard1742 randan1858 toppings1880 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. vi. 168/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I The coursest of the bran (vsuallie called gurgeons or pollard). 1601 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 291 The Serjeants of the pastry..to have for their fees all the pollard which comes of the meale. 1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman July xvii. 101 Mix fine Pollard with fresh Pot-liquor. 1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 lxxi. 309 I feed my horse with the chaff, and add but one eighth part of pollard. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 405 A bushel of wheat..will yield, on being ground,—Of bread flour 47, fine pollard 4¹/ ₄, coarse pollard 4, bran 2³/ ₄, Loss of weight..2; = 60 lbs. 1878 Nature 27 June 229/2 Mill-products termed ‘coarse sharps’, ‘fine pollard’, ‘coarse pollard’, and ‘long bran’. 1948 P. White Aunt's Story 34 The pollard had caked hard on his hard hands. 1982 T. Winton Open Swimmer 28 He spread some pollard on the water. 2004 Weekly Times (Austral.) (Nexis) 16 July 53 The best way to feed bran and pollard is in a pelleted form. 4. A tree which has had its upper trunk and branches cut back, so as to produce new growth and a uniform shape. Cf. pollinger n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > lopped or sculpted tree or pollard pollinger1570 pollard1588 lop1656 runnel1673 bolling1691 rundlea1697 polder1704 lop-stick1821 animal tree1884 1588 in F. G. Emmison Essex Wills (1998) (modernized text) XI. 252 To my wife the wood, pollards and roots that lie in Hollingworth Lane, Hollingworth Wood and at Hollingworth gate. 1611 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) For sa[w]ing and cleving owt of polords vj. 1662 W. Petty Treat. Taxes 44 The same ill husbandry, as to make fuel of young saplings, instead of dotards and pollards. 1727 D. Eaton Let. 5 Jan. (1971) 88 They shall mark all the trees & pollards that ought to stand. 1796 Accurate & Impartial Narr. Campaigns 1793–4 (ed. 3) I. ii. ii. 103 Impenetrable hedge rows, composed of sturdy pollards. 1859 W. S. Coleman Our Woodlands 64 Even the stunted pollard..is not without its pictorial value. 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Mar. 3/3 Large numbers of spear trees are destroyed while decaying pollards are left standing. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xvii. 67 A little stream, with pollards on both sides of it. 1974 W. Condry Woodlands ii. 30 The grotesque shapes of pollards like those at Burnham Beeches. 2002 Best of Brit. Nov. 5/1 Willow poles cut from the pollard—a tree with its growth of coppice poles maintained above the height of grazing animals. Compounds Instrumental. pollard-lined adj. ΚΠ 1885 G. Allen Babylon iii. xxix. 1 Long straight pollard-lined roads. 2000 D. Silverman Van Gogh & Gauguin ii. ii. 58 Subjects included pollard-lined strips of road, windmills, tree alleys. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pollardv. Brit. /ˈpɒləd/, /ˈpɒlɑːd/, U.S. /ˈpɑlərd/ Forms: 1600s pollar'd (past participle), 1700s– pollard. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pollard n.² Etymology: < pollard n.² transitive. To cut back the upper trunk and branches of (a tree); to make a pollard of. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [verb (transitive)] > trees: prune or lop sneda800 shredc1000 crop?c1225 purgec1384 parea1398 shear1398 shridea1425 dodc1440 polla1449 twist1483 top1509 stow1513 lop1519 bough?1523 head?1523 poll-shred1530 prune1547 prime1565 twig1570 reform1574 disbranch1575 shroud1577 snathe1609 detruncate1623 amputate1638 abnodate1656 duba1661 to strip up1664 reprune1666 pollard1670 shrub1682 log1699 switch1811 limb1835 preen1847 to cut back1871 shrig1873 brash1950 summer prune1980 1670 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) xviii. §1. 80 The Black Poplar is frequently pollar'd when as big as ones arm, eight or nine foot from the ground. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry ii. 351 Those that are pollarded grow the most knotty and full of Burs. 1779 H. Swinburne Trav. Spain xi. 84 The olive-trees grow to a great size, their luxuriant branches not being so closely pollarded as in France. 1836 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth (1874) 2nd Ser. 75 I hate to see trees pollarded—or nations. 1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 420 The natives pollard the trees when at a height of ten to twelve feet. 1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xi. 85 The son of one of them, a wood-cutter, was perched high above their heads, pollarding one of the churchyard elms. 1960 J. W. Bellah Sergeant Rutledge ii. 5 It greensticked Isham's jaw, pollarded him. 1992 National Trust Mag. Spring 35/2 Ash trees were pollarded every 12 years or so to provide leaf-fodder for cattle and sheep. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1387n.³1585adj.n.²?1523v.1670
随便看	selforiginate selforiginated selforiginating selforigination selforigined selfoscillate selfoscillating selfoscillation selfpaced selfpaid selfparasitism selfparodic selfparody selfparodying selfpartial selfpartiality selfperception selfperceptive selfperfect selfperfecting selfperfection selfperfectionating semi-axe semi-axis semi-bachelor

pollardn.1

† pollardn.3

pollardadj.n.2

Compounds

pollardv.

pollardn.¹

† pollardn.³

pollardadj.n.²