beetn.

Brit.

/biːt/, U.S.

/bit/

Forms: Old English béte, Middle English–1500s bete, Middle English–1600s beete, 1500s– beet.

Etymology: Old English béte, < Latin bēta, whence also Old High German bieza (8th cent.), Middle High German bieze, Middle Low German and Middle Dutch bête, etc. The plant was of early cultivation, and the name was adopted < Latin into the Germanic languages, but though common in Old English, no further mention of it occurs before c1400.

A plant or genus of plants (family Chenopodiaceæ), having, in cultivation, a succulent root much used for food, and also for yielding sugar. There are two species, the Common or Red Beet ( Beta vulgaris), found wild on the British coasts, and cultivated in several varieties, both as an esculent, and as an ornamental foliage plant, and the White Beet ( B. cicla), chiefly used in the production of sugar. Formerly almost always spoken of in plural ‘beets,’ like beans, pease, greens, etc. Now usually in singular form except in the U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > beet or beetroot

beetc1000

red beet1541

white beet1542

beetroot1597

beet-raves1719

blood-beet1818

spinach beet1842

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > beet

beetc1000

red beet1541

spinach beet1842

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 226 Þás wyrta sindon..éað begeatra, béte and mealwe.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xxii. 920 Aristotil..seiþ þat me may graffe on a beete stok as me doþ on a caule stok.

a1400 Cov. Myst. 22 Erbys and gresse, both beetes and brake.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 34 Betys herbe, beta.

1551 W. Turner Herball (1568) F iij a There are twoo kyndes of Betes, the white bete whyche is called sicula, and blake betes.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. xviii. 225 If you would make choise of faire beets chuse rather the white then either the blacke or red.

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. ii. xxviii. 47/2 Leaves, like those of the Beet or Winter-green.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 249 Beets, emollient, nutritive, and relaxing.

a1772 Borlase in C. A. Johns Week at Lizard (1848) 185 One year nothing will grow but mallows, and the next nothing but beets.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1038 The beets should always be small, evenly sized, straight and even.

1870 H. Macmillan Bible Teachings v. 100 The wild beet and cabbage still grow on our sea-shores.

1883 Rep. Indian Affairs (U.S.) 17 They will raise about 100 bushels of beets.

1917 Yearbk. U.S. Dept. Agric. 1916 405 The development of desirable strains of beets.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as beet leaves, beet-sugar; beet-grower, beet-growing; beetroot n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > beet-sugar

beet-sugar1833

beetroot sugar1834

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of specific crops > [noun] > vegetables or pot-herbs > beets

beet-growing1837

1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper iv. 117 Leave on the Bacon and Beet leaves.

1833 R. Phillips Fam. Cycl. 230 The French..still persevere in manufacturing beet-sugar.

1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 55 The interest excited by this subject of beet-growing is very strong.

C2.

† beet-raves n. [ < French bette-rave ‘beet,’ lit. ‘beet-turnip’] Obsolete the small red beet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > beet or beetroot

beetc1000

red beet1541

white beet1542

beetroot1597

beet-raves1719

blood-beet1818

spinach beet1842

1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) 197 Beet-raves, or Beet-Radishes, that is, Red Beets, produce roots for Sallads.

1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum at Beets Beet-raves are made use of to colour wine.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

beetbetev.

Brit.

/biːt/, U.S.

/bit/

Forms: Old English bóetan, bétan, Middle English beten, Middle English bete, Middle English–1500s beete, 1500s– Scottish beit, 1700s– beet; (Middle English betten, Middle English beton, bet, beethe, beytt). past tense bet: Old English bétte, Middle English bette, Middle English bett, bet ( bete, beit). past participle bet; Old English béted, Old English–Middle English bet, Middle English ibet, bett (Middle English bete, bette).

Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English bóetan , bétan , to make good, make better, amend = Gothic bôtjan , Old Saxon bôtjan , Middle Dutch boeten , Middle Low German bôten , Old High German buozzen , Middle High German büezzen , German büszen < Germanic *bôtjan to advantage, profit, be of use to, a derivative verb < bôtâ- good, profit, advantage, in Old English bôt , boot n.¹ Now only Scots and northern dialect; it became obsolete in literary English before 1500, while still spelt bete.

Obsolete exc. dialect.

I. To make good, amend, make amends for.

1. transitive. To make good or better; to mend or repair (things damaged), mend or heal (wounds, sickness), improve (land). dialect in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)]

lechnec900

helpc950

beetc975

healc1000

temperc1000

leechc1175

amendc1300

halec1330

soundc1374

sanec1386

warishc1386

defenda1400

rectifya1400

salve1411

lokenc1425

redress?c1425

recure?a1439

guarish1474

cure1526

medify1543

recover1548

resanate1599

sanate1623

sain1832

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (transitive)]

beetc975

betterOE

goodOE

sharpa1100

amendc1300

enhance1526

meliorate1542

embetter1568

endeara1586

enrich1598

meliorize1598

mend1603

sweeten1607

improve1617

to work up1641

ameliorate1653

solace1667

fine1683

ragout1749

to make something of1778

richen1795

transcendentalize1846

to tone up1847

to do something (also things) for (also to)1880

rich1912

to step up1920

uprate1965

up1968

nice1993

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [verb (transitive)]

beetc975

menda1200

amenda1250

rightc1275

botcha1382

reparela1382

cure1382

repaira1387

dighta1400

emend1411

to mend up1479

restablishc1500

help1518

trimc1520

redub1522

reparate1548

accommodate1552

reinstaure1609

reconcinnate1623

to do up1647

righta1656

fixa1762

doctor1829

vamp1837

service1916

rejig1976

c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. iv. 21 Þonan gesægh oþre twegen gebroþer..boetende heora nett [ Wyclif, makynge aȝein or beetynge her nettis].

c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 398 Hu ðu meaht ðine æceras betan.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 116 Ðonne bið hit [the wound] sona gebet.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 215 Mineȝeð þat ane niwe cloðes, oðer elde bete.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 7 Pipen he koude, and fisshe, and nettes beete.

1572 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 247 The prouerb is, of palice, kirk, and brig, Better in tyme to beit, nor efter to big.

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (Provb.) Daily wearing neids yearly beiting.

1871 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue Introd. 84 The fishermen of Yarmouth have sometimes astonished the learned..by talking of beating their nets (so it sounds) when they mean mending them.]

†2. To bring into better state, put right, correct, amend, reform (faults, evil ways, etc.); to make good (misdeeds):

a. those of others.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > reform, amend, or correct [verb (transitive)] > specific faults, evil ways, etc.

beetc950

menda1382

reform1512

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xviii. 15 Gif ðec geheres, boetend ðu bist broðeres ðines.

a1000 Ælfric Deut. i. 17 Ic hit bete.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. (1867) 113 Ȝif he hit [uuel] betan mei.

c1300 Harrow. Hell 229 That thou woldest come to bete The sunnes that Adam thohte suete.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 9790 No patriarck ne ȝeit prophete, Miht be sent adames sine to bete.

†b. To amend, make good (one's own faults); hence, to repent of, make amends for, expiate, atone for (one's sin). The usual word in early Middle English; afterwards superseded by amend v. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > atonement > atone for [verb (transitive)]

beetc897

i-bye10..

abyelOE

answer?a1300

buya1300

amendc1300

mendc1330

forbuy1340

redressa1387

answera1400

byea1400

filla1400

peasea1400

ransoma1400

to pay for——c1400

recompense?a1439

abidea1450

satisfyc1460

redeema1464

repaira1513

syth1513

reconcile1535

acquit1567

dispense1590

assoil1596

propitiate1610

expiatea1626

atone1661

retrievea1679

c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care 220 Ealle scylda þe wið god beoð ungebetta.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom 169 Bute his sunnes him ben ere forgieuene · oðer bette.

a1250 Moral Ode 121 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 29 Hi mithten here sunne beten.

a1250 Moral Ode 121 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 138 And gunnen here gultes beten, & betere lif leden.

c1300 Beket 2417 And wende to the holi lond: here synnes forto bete.

c1325 Metr. Hom. (1862) 10 [Jon the Baptist]..taht the folk thair sine to bete.

†c. absol. To amend, repent, Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > be repentant or contrite [verb (intransitive)]

rueOE

i-rewOE

ofthinkOE

again-chareOE

reusieOE

overthinkc1175

beetc1200

it athinks me1250

to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300

(it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300

repentc1300

forthinkc1380

remordc1450

repoin1523

remorse1530

to take the rue1789

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 223 For þi he [is] wis þe bit and biȝiet and bet bifore dome.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 863 Vorthi he mot..Mid teres an mid wope bete.

a. To relieve hunger, thirst, or any form of want; to supply wants, needs (Sc. misters). Hence substantively in combination beet-need, beet-mister. Scottish and northern.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > satisfying hunger or thirst > satisfy or relieve hunger or thirst [verb (transitive)]

sleckc1175

aquenchc1300

stanch1340

beetc1390

repelc1425

sufficea1450

squench1598

the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > supply (needs or wants)

furnish1496

supporta1500

beeta1522

sustain1539

nourish1568

to set forthc1610

sustenate1712

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vii. 224 No mon shall beete his hunger.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3279 Sco þat sal bete me my thrist.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. viii. 105 Grantit eik wod leif to hew, and take Tymmyr to beit ayrris [= oars] and other mysteris.

1816 W. Scott Tales my Landlord IV. 252 (Jam.) She enlarged on the advantage of saving old clothes to be what she called beetmasters to the new.

1823 Blackwood's Mag. 314 (Jam.) If twa or three hunder pounds can beet a mister for you in a strait, ye sanna want it.

1875 Lanc. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Beet-need, a help that may be had at will.

†b. To relieve, help, aid, assist (a person in need or trouble), to supply the wants of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [verb (transitive)] > aid in want

helpc950

relievea1387

beeta1400

to tide over1865

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9592 And þi pite þat es sa suete Aght þi prisun [= prisoner] o bandes bete.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 756 My makelez lambe þat al may bete.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum 86 Reson betith him so ofte tyme as he stondith ayens þe Synner.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 18 With stuff of houshald strestely he thaim bett.

†c. esp.: to bete one's bale (see bale n.¹ 6); also to bete one of one's bale (cf. sense 2). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > console or relieve > relieve (suffering)

lissea1000

alightOE

allayc1225

softc1225

comfort1297

laya1300

eathea1325

allegea1375

appeasec1374

laska1375

slakea1387

releasea1393

balma1400

to bete one of one's balea1400

to cool a person's caresc1400

delivera1413

leggea1425

mitigate?a1425

repress?a1425

alleviate?a1475

allevya1500

alleve1544

leviate1545

lenify1567

allevate1570

ungrieve1589

straight1604

mulcify1653

balsama1666

solace1667

meliorate1796

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 105 Til all oure bale ai for to bete.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14415 Þar he..o mani bale þam bete.

c1400 Epiph. in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 223 That was the angell to beton is bale.

c1460 Launfal 971 Sche myghte me of my balys bete.

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. Prol. 233 To beyt [v.r. bete] thir amorus of thar nychtis baill.

II. To beet a fire.

[The development of this (the chief extant) sense, the antiquity of which is shown, not merely by the Old Saxon fýr bétan, but by its existence in the other Teutonic languages (cf. Dutch vuur boeten, Low German für böten, etc.), is somewhat obscure, from the fact that in the earliest instances it appears to mean, not ‘to mend a fire,’ but as in modern Dutch, ‘to make, kindle, put on a fire.’ Perhaps this is to be explained by the primitive conditions (which prevailed more or less till the days of phosphorus matches), according to which fire was not generated anew each time it was required, but was usually propagated by a ‘glede’ from an existing fire, often carried and kept alive for days (cf. Genesis xxii. 6), which was surrounded with combustibles, and ‘beeted’ into a blaze, when a fire was required.]

4. To make, kindle, put on (a fire). Now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > make a fire

beetc885

make?a1200

to make on1487

to fire up1836

to lay a fire1876

c885 tr. Orosius Hist. vi. xxxii Ða het he betan þærinne micel fýr.

c1325 Seuen Sag. (W.) 2122 The clerkes..bet a fir strong and sterk.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1012 When bryȝt brennande brondez ar bet þer an-vnder.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1434 Two fyres on the Auter gan she beete.

1430 Chev. Assigne 157 The goldesmyȝth gooth & beetheth hym a fyre.

a1500 Sir Aldingar 53 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 168 And fayre fyer there shalbe bett.

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. Prol. 127 Bad beit the fyre and the candill alyght.

1875 J. H. Nodal & G. Milner Gloss. Lancs. Dial.: Pt. I at Beet Tha mun get up an' beet t' fire to-morn.

a. To mend, make up, keep up, add fuel to, feed (a fire). Scottish in later use. See also bote n., firebote n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > make a fire > add fuel to (a fire)

beetc1275

timber1486

mend?a1505

stoke1735

to make up1781

bank1825

chunk1840

to stack up1892

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12965 His fur he beten a-gon.

c1386 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 581 In a bath thay gonne hir faste schetten, And nyght and day greet fuyr they under betten.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 627 Quyl I fete sum quat fat þou þe fyr bete.

1810 R. Tannahill Poems (1846) 48 The wither'd twigs to beet her fire.

1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxix, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 785 A fire, that they keep beetin' wi' planks and spars o' the puir man-o'-war.

?1857 J. Scholes Tim Gamwattle's Jawnt iii. 14 Then aw beetud foyar, un rattl't foyar potter ogen't back o'th grate.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1786 R. Burns Poems 147 It heats me, it beets me, And sets me, a' on flame!

1787 R. Burns Wks. III. 179 Or noble Elgin beets the heav'n-ward flame.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	beet
释义	beetn. Brit. /biːt/, U.S. /bit/ Forms: Old English béte, Middle English–1500s bete, Middle English–1600s beete, 1500s– beet. Etymology: Old English béte, < Latin bēta, whence also Old High German bieza (8th cent.), Middle High German bieze, Middle Low German and Middle Dutch bête, etc. The plant was of early cultivation, and the name was adopted < Latin into the Germanic languages, but though common in Old English, no further mention of it occurs before c1400. A plant or genus of plants (family Chenopodiaceæ), having, in cultivation, a succulent root much used for food, and also for yielding sugar. There are two species, the Common or Red Beet ( Beta vulgaris), found wild on the British coasts, and cultivated in several varieties, both as an esculent, and as an ornamental foliage plant, and the White Beet ( B. cicla), chiefly used in the production of sugar. Formerly almost always spoken of in plural ‘beets,’ like beans, pease, greens, etc. Now usually in singular form except in the U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > beet or beetroot beetc1000 red beet1541 white beet1542 beetroot1597 beet-raves1719 blood-beet1818 spinach beet1842 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > beet beetc1000 red beet1541 spinach beet1842 c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 226 Þás wyrta sindon..éað begeatra, béte and mealwe. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xxii. 920 Aristotil..seiþ þat me may graffe on a beete stok as me doþ on a caule stok. a1400 Cov. Myst. 22 Erbys and gresse, both beetes and brake. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 34 Betys herbe, beta. 1551 W. Turner Herball (1568) F iij a There are twoo kyndes of Betes, the white bete whyche is called sicula, and blake betes. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. xviii. 225 If you would make choise of faire beets chuse rather the white then either the blacke or red. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. ii. xxviii. 47/2 Leaves, like those of the Beet or Winter-green. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 249 Beets, emollient, nutritive, and relaxing. a1772 Borlase in C. A. Johns Week at Lizard (1848) 185 One year nothing will grow but mallows, and the next nothing but beets. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1038 The beets should always be small, evenly sized, straight and even. 1870 H. Macmillan Bible Teachings v. 100 The wild beet and cabbage still grow on our sea-shores. 1883 Rep. Indian Affairs (U.S.) 17 They will raise about 100 bushels of beets. 1917 Yearbk. U.S. Dept. Agric. 1916 405 The development of desirable strains of beets. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as beet leaves, beet-sugar; beet-grower, beet-growing; beetroot n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > beet-sugar beet-sugar1833 beetroot sugar1834 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of specific crops > [noun] > vegetables or pot-herbs > beets beet-growing1837 1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper iv. 117 Leave on the Bacon and Beet leaves. 1833 R. Phillips Fam. Cycl. 230 The French..still persevere in manufacturing beet-sugar. 1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 55 The interest excited by this subject of beet-growing is very strong. C2. † beet-raves n. [ < French bette-rave ‘beet,’ lit. ‘beet-turnip’] Obsolete the small red beet. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > beet or beetroot beetc1000 red beet1541 white beet1542 beetroot1597 beet-raves1719 blood-beet1818 spinach beet1842 1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) 197 Beet-raves, or Beet-Radishes, that is, Red Beets, produce roots for Sallads. 1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum at Beets Beet-raves are made use of to colour wine. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022). beetbetev. Brit. /biːt/, U.S. /bit/ Forms: Old English bóetan, bétan, Middle English beten, Middle English bete, Middle English–1500s beete, 1500s– Scottish beit, 1700s– beet; (Middle English betten, Middle English beton, bet, beethe, beytt). past tense bet: Old English bétte, Middle English bette, Middle English bett, bet ( bete, beit). past participle bet; Old English béted, Old English–Middle English bet, Middle English ibet, bett (Middle English bete, bette). Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English bóetan , bétan , to make good, make better, amend = Gothic bôtjan , Old Saxon bôtjan , Middle Dutch boeten , Middle Low German bôten , Old High German buozzen , Middle High German büezzen , German büszen < Germanic bôtjan to advantage, profit, be of use to, a derivative verb < bôtâ-* good, profit, advantage, in Old English bôt , boot n.¹ Now only Scots and northern dialect; it became obsolete in literary English before 1500, while still spelt bete. Obsolete exc. dialect. I. To make good, amend, make amends for. 1. transitive. To make good or better; to mend or repair (things damaged), mend or heal (wounds, sickness), improve (land). dialect in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] lechnec900 helpc950 beetc975 healc1000 temperc1000 leechc1175 amendc1300 halec1330 soundc1374 sanec1386 warishc1386 defenda1400 rectifya1400 salve1411 lokenc1425 redress?c1425 recure?a1439 guarish1474 cure1526 medify1543 recover1548 resanate1599 sanate1623 sain1832 the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (transitive)] beetc975 betterOE goodOE sharpa1100 amendc1300 enhance1526 meliorate1542 embetter1568 endeara1586 enrich1598 meliorize1598 mend1603 sweeten1607 improve1617 to work up1641 ameliorate1653 solace1667 fine1683 ragout1749 to make something of1778 richen1795 transcendentalize1846 to tone up1847 to do something (also things) for (also to)1880 rich1912 to step up1920 uprate1965 up1968 nice1993 society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [verb (transitive)] beetc975 menda1200 amenda1250 rightc1275 botcha1382 reparela1382 cure1382 repaira1387 dighta1400 emend1411 to mend up1479 restablishc1500 help1518 trimc1520 redub1522 reparate1548 accommodate1552 reinstaure1609 reconcinnate1623 to do up1647 righta1656 fixa1762 doctor1829 vamp1837 service1916 rejig1976 c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. iv. 21 Þonan gesægh oþre twegen gebroþer..boetende heora nett [ Wyclif, makynge aȝein or beetynge her nettis]. c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 398 Hu ðu meaht ðine æceras betan. c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 116 Ðonne bið hit [the wound] sona gebet. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 215 Mineȝeð þat ane niwe cloðes, oðer elde bete. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 7 Pipen he koude, and fisshe, and nettes beete. 1572 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 247 The prouerb is, of palice, kirk, and brig, Better in tyme to beit, nor efter to big. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (Provb.) Daily wearing neids yearly beiting. 1871 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue Introd. 84 The fishermen of Yarmouth have sometimes astonished the learned..by talking of beating their nets (so it sounds) when they mean mending them.] †2. To bring into better state, put right, correct, amend, reform (faults, evil ways, etc.); to make good (misdeeds): a. those of others. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > reform, amend, or correct [verb (transitive)] > specific faults, evil ways, etc. beetc950 menda1382 reform1512 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xviii. 15 Gif ðec geheres, boetend ðu bist broðeres ðines. a1000 Ælfric Deut. i. 17 Ic hit bete. c1175 Lamb. Hom. (1867) 113 Ȝif he hit [uuel] betan mei. c1300 Harrow. Hell 229 That thou woldest come to bete The sunnes that Adam thohte suete. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 9790 No patriarck ne ȝeit prophete, Miht be sent adames sine to bete. †b. To amend, make good (one's own faults); hence, to repent of, make amends for, expiate, atone for (one's sin). The usual word in early Middle English; afterwards superseded by amend v. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > atonement > atone for [verb (transitive)] beetc897 i-bye10.. abyelOE answer?a1300 buya1300 amendc1300 mendc1330 forbuy1340 redressa1387 answera1400 byea1400 filla1400 peasea1400 ransoma1400 to pay for——c1400 recompense?a1439 abidea1450 satisfyc1460 redeema1464 repaira1513 syth1513 reconcile1535 acquit1567 dispense1590 assoil1596 propitiate1610 expiatea1626 atone1661 retrievea1679 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care 220 Ealle scylda þe wið god beoð ungebetta. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom 169 Bute his sunnes him ben ere forgieuene · oðer bette. a1250 Moral Ode 121 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 29 Hi mithten here sunne beten. a1250 Moral Ode 121 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 138 And gunnen here gultes beten, & betere lif leden. c1300 Beket 2417 And wende to the holi lond: here synnes forto bete. c1325 Metr. Hom. (1862) 10 [Jon the Baptist]..taht the folk thair sine to bete. †c. absol. To amend, repent, Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > be repentant or contrite [verb (intransitive)] rueOE i-rewOE ofthinkOE again-chareOE reusieOE overthinkc1175 beetc1200 it athinks me1250 to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300 (it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300 repentc1300 forthinkc1380 remordc1450 repoin1523 remorse1530 to take the rue1789 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 223 For þi he [is] wis þe bit and biȝiet and bet bifore dome. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 863 Vorthi he mot..Mid teres an mid wope bete. 3. a. To relieve hunger, thirst, or any form of want; to supply wants, needs (Sc. misters). Hence substantively in combination beet-need, beet-mister. Scottish and northern. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > satisfying hunger or thirst > satisfy or relieve hunger or thirst [verb (transitive)] sleckc1175 aquenchc1300 stanch1340 beetc1390 repelc1425 sufficea1450 squench1598 the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > supply (needs or wants) furnish1496 supporta1500 beeta1522 sustain1539 nourish1568 to set forthc1610 sustenate1712 c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vii. 224 No mon shall beete his hunger. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3279 Sco þat sal bete me my thrist. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. viii. 105 Grantit eik wod leif to hew, and take Tymmyr to beit ayrris [= oars] and other mysteris. 1816 W. Scott Tales my Landlord IV. 252 (Jam.) She enlarged on the advantage of saving old clothes to be what she called beetmasters to the new. 1823 Blackwood's Mag. 314 (Jam.) If twa or three hunder pounds can beet a mister for you in a strait, ye sanna want it. 1875 Lanc. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Beet-need, a help that may be had at will. †b. To relieve, help, aid, assist (a person in need or trouble), to supply the wants of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [verb (transitive)] > aid in want helpc950 relievea1387 beeta1400 to tide over1865 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9592 And þi pite þat es sa suete Aght þi prisun [= prisoner] o bandes bete. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 756 My makelez lambe þat al may bete. c1440 Gesta Romanorum 86 Reson betith him so ofte tyme as he stondith ayens þe Synner. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 18 With stuff of houshald strestely he thaim bett. †c. esp.: to bete one's bale (see bale n.¹ 6); also to bete one of one's bale (cf. sense 2). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > console or relieve > relieve (suffering) lissea1000 alightOE allayc1225 softc1225 comfort1297 laya1300 eathea1325 allegea1375 appeasec1374 laska1375 slakea1387 releasea1393 balma1400 to bete one of one's balea1400 to cool a person's caresc1400 delivera1413 leggea1425 mitigate?a1425 repress?a1425 alleviate?a1475 allevya1500 alleve1544 leviate1545 lenify1567 allevate1570 ungrieve1589 straight1604 mulcify1653 balsama1666 solace1667 meliorate1796 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 105 Til all oure bale ai for to bete. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14415 Þar he..o mani bale þam bete. c1400 Epiph. in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 223 That was the angell to beton is bale. c1460 Launfal 971 Sche myghte me of my balys bete. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. Prol. 233 To beyt [v.r. bete] thir amorus of thar nychtis baill. II. To beet a fire. [The development of this (the chief extant) sense, the antiquity of which is shown, not merely by the Old Saxon fýr bétan, but by its existence in the other Teutonic languages (cf. Dutch vuur boeten, Low German für böten, etc.), is somewhat obscure, from the fact that in the earliest instances it appears to mean, not ‘to mend a fire,’ but as in modern Dutch, ‘to make, kindle, put on a fire.’ Perhaps this is to be explained by the primitive conditions (which prevailed more or less till the days of phosphorus matches), according to which fire was not generated anew each time it was required, but was usually propagated by a ‘glede’ from an existing fire, often carried and kept alive for days (cf. Genesis xxii. 6), which was surrounded with combustibles, and ‘beeted’ into a blaze, when a fire was required.] 4. To make, kindle, put on (a fire). Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > make a fire beetc885 make?a1200 to make on1487 to fire up1836 to lay a fire1876 c885 tr. Orosius Hist. vi. xxxii Ða het he betan þærinne micel fýr. c1325 Seuen Sag. (W.) 2122 The clerkes..bet a fir strong and sterk. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1012 When bryȝt brennande brondez ar bet þer an-vnder. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1434 Two fyres on the Auter gan she beete. 1430 Chev. Assigne 157 The goldesmyȝth gooth & beetheth hym a fyre. a1500 Sir Aldingar 53 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 168 And fayre fyer there shalbe bett. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. Prol. 127 Bad beit the fyre and the candill alyght. 1875 J. H. Nodal & G. Milner Gloss. Lancs. Dial.: Pt. I at Beet Tha mun get up an' beet t' fire to-morn. 5. a. To mend, make up, keep up, add fuel to, feed (a fire). Scottish in later use. See also bote n., firebote n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > make a fire > add fuel to (a fire) beetc1275 timber1486 mend?a1505 stoke1735 to make up1781 bank1825 chunk1840 to stack up1892 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12965 His fur he beten a-gon. c1386 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 581 In a bath thay gonne hir faste schetten, And nyght and day greet fuyr they under betten. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 627 Quyl I fete sum quat fat þou þe fyr bete. 1810 R. Tannahill Poems (1846) 48 The wither'd twigs to beet her fire. 1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxix, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 785 A fire, that they keep beetin' wi' planks and spars o' the puir man-o'-war. ?1857 J. Scholes Tim Gamwattle's Jawnt iii. 14 Then aw beetud foyar, un rattl't foyar potter ogen't back o'th grate. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1786 R. Burns Poems 147 It heats me, it beets me, And sets me, a' on flame! 1787 R. Burns Wks. III. 179 Or noble Elgin beets the heav'n-ward flame. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1000v.c885
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