pochardn.

Brit.

/ˈpəʊtʃəd/,

/ˈpɒtʃəd/, U.S.

/ˈpoʊtʃərd/

Forms:

α. 1500s pocharde, 1600s– pochard, 1700s–1800s poachard.

β. 1500s–1800s pocard, 1600s pocker, 1600s 1800s pockard, 1600s–1800s poker.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: poach v.², -ard suffix; poke v.¹, -ard suffix.

Etymology: Apparently partly < poach v.² + -ard suffix, and partly < poke v.¹ + -ard suffix, in both cases probably with reference to the feeding habits of the bird; it is possible that (in spite of the chronology) the forms in -er were in fact the earliest forms (compare -er suffix¹), and that forms in -ard show suffix substitution. See further W. B. Lockwood in Trans. Philological Soc. (1974) 79–80. Slightly earlier currency of the English word is probably implied by post-classical Latin pocharda (1544 in a British source).

Any member of the tribe Aythyini of diving ducks, which have the legs set far back below a heavy body, the male in many instances having a reddish-brown head and a black breast; esp. (more fully common pochard) the Eurasian duck Aythya ferina. red-crested pochard: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya americana (red(-)head)

pochard1552

wigeon1668

redhead1709

pochard duck1829

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya ferina (pochard)

pochard1552

dunbird1587

smeath1622

red-headed wigeon1668

smee1668

wigeon1668

gold head1704

dun cur1802

redhead1816

red-headed pochard1824

pochard duck1829

smee-duck1862

well plum1862

α.

1552 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Boscha, a water foule like to a ducke, but somwhat lesse: I iudge it a pocharde.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Albrent,..a Pochard.

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. iii. 367 The Poker, or Pochard, or great read-headed Wigeon.

1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 431 The Anas, with grey wings, and a black rump. The Pochard.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Poachard, a kind of water fowl.

1882 J. A. Lees & W. J. Clutterbuck Three in Norway viii. 65 A brood of pochards under the leadership of the old duck.

1898 O. Davie Nests & Eggs N. Amer. Birds (1900) 86 The Redhead or Poachard..is a common duck throughout North America.

1910 Chambers's Jrnl. Nov. 749/2 During these winter days one is certain to see many and various ducks. Widgeon, pochard, and golden-eye are regularly to be noticed.

1958 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles VII. 81 Eastwards of Spain we find the red-crested pochard breeding in some numbers about the Rhône Delta in southern France.

1961 O. L. Austin Birds of World 69/1 While pochards usually nest on fresh waters, most of them move to salt or brackish waters in winter.

1994 I. Sinclair Field Guide Birds Southern Afr. 68 The female Southern Pochard has a vertical crescent under the eye.

β. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes A bird called a pocard.1675 P. Dent Let. 15 Feb. in J. Ray et al. Philos. Lett. (1718) 21 I have put up in a Box some Water Fowl, viz. a Pocker, a Smew,..a Widgeon, and a Whewer.1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. iii. 367 The Poker.1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Pocard, a kind of water-fowl.1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northants. vii. 431 The Poker, the Shelden, or Golden Eye, and the Shoveler, are by Writers usually placed amongst the Sea-Ducks.1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds III. 233 The Pochard, or Dun-bird, for this species is known by various names, as Red-headed Poker, and Red-eyed Poker..is a winter visiter to this country.1894 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. III 734 Pochard, Pockard or Poker, names properly belonging to the male of a species of Duck (the female of which is known as the Dunbird).1895 A. Patterson Man & Nature on Broads 85 We blazed away several times, pickin' up near twenty pokers (pochards).

Compounds

C1.

pochard duck n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya americana (red(-)head)

pochard1552

wigeon1668

redhead1709

pochard duck1829

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya ferina (pochard)

pochard1552

dunbird1587

smeath1622

red-headed wigeon1668

smee1668

wigeon1668

gold head1704

dun cur1802

redhead1816

red-headed pochard1824

pochard duck1829

smee-duck1862

well plum1862

1829 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VIII. 612 Pochard Duck.

1833 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 1. 16 He had..received..a specimen of the pochard duck (Anas ferina Lin.).

1989 Green Mag. Oct. 13/3 A pochard duck ringed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust eight years ago at Slimbridge, has turned up in Siberia 3,000 miles away.

C2.

pochard grass n. British regional (now rare) an aquatic plant (not identified; perhaps a persicaria).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > water-pepper

arsesmarta1300

red-kneea1300

culragea1400

smarthole1440

water pepper1538

arsenick1552

ciderage1578

lake-weed1693

water smartweed1867

pochard grass1879

1879 R. Lubbock Fauna of Norfolk (new ed.) 137 Hickling broad was one great resort at their [the pochard ducks'] flight, the water there being shallow and abounding with a particular weed,—Pochard Grass, as it is called.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pochard
释义	pochardn. Brit. /ˈpəʊtʃəd/, /ˈpɒtʃəd/, U.S. /ˈpoʊtʃərd/ Forms: α. 1500s pocharde, 1600s– pochard, 1700s–1800s poachard. β. 1500s–1800s pocard, 1600s pocker, 1600s 1800s pockard, 1600s–1800s poker. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: poach v.², -ard suffix; poke v.¹, -ard suffix. Etymology: Apparently partly < poach v.² + -ard suffix, and partly < poke v.¹ + -ard suffix, in both cases probably with reference to the feeding habits of the bird; it is possible that (in spite of the chronology) the forms in -er were in fact the earliest forms (compare -er suffix¹), and that forms in -ard show suffix substitution. See further W. B. Lockwood in Trans. Philological Soc. (1974) 79–80. Slightly earlier currency of the English word is probably implied by post-classical Latin pocharda (1544 in a British source). Any member of the tribe Aythyini of diving ducks, which have the legs set far back below a heavy body, the male in many instances having a reddish-brown head and a black breast; esp. (more fully common pochard) the Eurasian duck Aythya ferina. red-crested pochard: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya americana (red(-)head) pochard1552 wigeon1668 redhead1709 pochard duck1829 the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya ferina (pochard) pochard1552 dunbird1587 smeath1622 red-headed wigeon1668 smee1668 wigeon1668 gold head1704 dun cur1802 redhead1816 red-headed pochard1824 pochard duck1829 smee-duck1862 well plum1862 α. 1552 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Boscha, a water foule like to a ducke, but somwhat lesse: I iudge it a pocharde. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Albrent,..a Pochard. 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. iii. 367 The Poker, or Pochard, or great read-headed Wigeon. 1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 431 The Anas, with grey wings, and a black rump. The Pochard. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Poachard, a kind of water fowl. 1882 J. A. Lees & W. J. Clutterbuck Three in Norway viii. 65 A brood of pochards under the leadership of the old duck. 1898 O. Davie Nests & Eggs N. Amer. Birds (1900) 86 The Redhead or Poachard..is a common duck throughout North America. 1910 Chambers's Jrnl. Nov. 749/2 During these winter days one is certain to see many and various ducks. Widgeon, pochard, and golden-eye are regularly to be noticed. 1958 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles VII. 81 Eastwards of Spain we find the red-crested pochard breeding in some numbers about the Rhône Delta in southern France. 1961 O. L. Austin Birds of World 69/1 While pochards usually nest on fresh waters, most of them move to salt or brackish waters in winter. 1994 I. Sinclair Field Guide Birds Southern Afr. 68 The female Southern Pochard has a vertical crescent under the eye. β. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes A bird called a pocard.1675 P. Dent Let. 15 Feb. in J. Ray et al. Philos. Lett. (1718) 21 I have put up in a Box some Water Fowl, viz. a Pocker, a Smew,..a Widgeon, and a Whewer.1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. iii. 367 The Poker.1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Pocard, a kind of water-fowl.1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northants. vii. 431 The Poker, the Shelden, or Golden Eye, and the Shoveler, are by Writers usually placed amongst the Sea-Ducks.1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds III. 233 The Pochard, or Dun-bird, for this species is known by various names, as Red-headed Poker, and Red-eyed Poker..is a winter visiter to this country.1894 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. III 734 Pochard, Pockard or Poker, names properly belonging to the male of a species of Duck (the female of which is known as the Dunbird).1895 A. Patterson Man & Nature on Broads 85 We blazed away several times, pickin' up near twenty pokers (pochards). Compounds C1. pochard duck n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya americana (red(-)head) pochard1552 wigeon1668 redhead1709 pochard duck1829 the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya ferina (pochard) pochard1552 dunbird1587 smeath1622 red-headed wigeon1668 smee1668 wigeon1668 gold head1704 dun cur1802 redhead1816 red-headed pochard1824 pochard duck1829 smee-duck1862 well plum1862 1829 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VIII. 612 Pochard Duck. 1833 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 1. 16 He had..received..a specimen of the pochard duck (Anas ferina Lin.). 1989 Green Mag. Oct. 13/3 A pochard duck ringed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust eight years ago at Slimbridge, has turned up in Siberia 3,000 miles away. C2. pochard grass n. British regional (now rare) an aquatic plant (not identified; perhaps a persicaria). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > water-pepper arsesmarta1300 red-kneea1300 culragea1400 smarthole1440 water pepper1538 arsenick1552 ciderage1578 lake-weed1693 water smartweed1867 pochard grass1879 1879 R. Lubbock Fauna of Norfolk (new ed.) 137 Hickling broad was one great resort at their [the pochard ducks'] flight, the water there being shallow and abounding with a particular weed,—Pochard Grass, as it is called. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1552
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