单词 | practitioner |
释义 | practitionern. 1. a. A person engaged in the practice of medicine; a physician, surgeon, pharmacist, etc. Cf. practiser n. 1a.general practitioner: see general adj. family practitioner: see family n. and adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun] physician?c1225 leecherc1374 practiserc1387 doctora1400 flesh-leecha1400 leechman14.. mediciner?a1425 miria1425 M.D.1425 medicine?c1450 practitioner?1543 minister1559 doc1563 artist1565 medicus1570 medicianera1578 Aesculapius1586 Dra1593 pisspot1592 medician1597 physicianer1598 medicinary1599 pisspot1600 velvet-cap1602 healer1611 Galena1616 physiner1616 clyster1621 clyster-pipe1622 hakim1623 medic1625 practicant1630 medico1647 physicker1649 physicster1689 Aesculapian1694 nim-gimmer1699 pill-monger1706 medical man1784 meester1812 medical1823 pill-gilder1824 therapeutist1830 pill1835 pill roller1843 med1851 pill-peddler1855 therapeutic1858 squirt1859 medicine man1866 pill pusher1879 therapist1886 doser1888 internist1894 pill-shooter1911 whitecoat1911 quack1919 vet1925 ?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe ii. f. xviv An other singuler medicyne..a thing experte of all the good practicioners. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. b iv b/2 M. Rabet, Chyrurgian at Paris,..the most experteste practitionere of his time. 1665 J. Tillison in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 36 As is acknowledged by our practitioners in physic. 1735 S.-Carolina Gaz. 1 Feb. 1/1 In Physick there are, and have been many happy and lucky Practicioners who knew not so much as the Christ-cross Row. 1791 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 22/2 The use of the syringe is generally recommended by medical practitioners in deafnesses. 1795 N.-Y. Directory 16 Ben Ali, Ibraham A. practitioner of physic, 24 Broad street. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxvii. 403 A newly painted tenement..which a red lamp, projecting over..the street-door, would have..announced as the residence of a medical practitioner, even if the word ‘Surgery’ had not been inscribed..above the window. 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 503 Younger practitioners who have been alarmed at what they regarded as a sign of aneurism. 1926 Amer. Mercury Mar. 266/1 Sometimes they come from practitioners of the new healing cults, osteopathy, chiropractic and Christian Science. 1954 H. W. Florey Lect. Gen. Pathol. xxxvi. 667 In these days of powerful therapeutic agents it is only too easy for the medical practitioner to adopt penny-in-the-slot rules for their administration. 1988 E. Young-Bruehl Anna Freud ii. 80 Freud had argued strongly for years that a personal analysis should be required of every psychoanalytic practitioner. b. gen. A person engaged in the practice of a particular skill, art, or discipline; a person experienced at or trained in a skill or occupation. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > practician practician1474 practitionera1555 practiser1586 a1555 H. Latimer 27 Serm. (1562) ii. f. 56v Consider how long he hathe bene a practicioner: you muste consider what Satan is, what experience he hath, so yt we are not able to match with him. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xvii. sig. E iv The ingenious Practisioner. 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 147 The eight tunes... The tunes (which are also called modi musici) the practitioners do define, to be a rule whereby the melodie of euerie song is directed. 1607 W. Perkins Treat. Mans Imaginations 42 Because they are pratisioners of witchcraft. 1646 W. Eldred (title) The gunners glasse, wherein the diligent practicioner may see his defects, and may..reform and amend all errors that are commonly incident to unskilful gunners. 1704 (title) English dictionary..by Edward Cocker, the late famous practitioner in fair writing and arithmetic. 1798 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 25 568 In Cimabu, Florence boasts the first native practitioner. 1827 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 36 340 The most experienced practitioners in conscience were puzzled. 1860 R. W. Emerson Power in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 70 Hence..the worthlessness of amateurs to cope with practitioners. 1887 Dict. National Biogr. XI. 257/1 He..decided to have the work carried out under direct official supervision, instead of by contracts with civil practitioners, a practice then largely followed in the ordnance survey. 1920 T. S. Eliot Sacred Wood 96 Dryden..a poetic practitioner who learned from Jonson. 1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Apr. 147/2 Very few people understand science and its practitioners. 1987 E. Feinstein Captive Lion iii. 58 He loved to be surrounded by lively and talented practitioners of all the arts. c. A person engaged in the practice of law; a lawyer. Cf. practiser n. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] lawyer1377 man of lawc1405 practiserc1450 jurist1481 lawman1535 practitioner1576 man of the long coat1579 (a gentleman) toward the law1592 gownsman1627 law-driver1640 long-robe man1654 green bag1699 flycatcher1708 homme d'affaires1717 jet1728 law-solicitor1738 shark1806 blue bag1817 law-person1819 law-gentleman1837 maître1883 lip1929 1576 U. Fulwell Ars Adulandi f. 22v I shakt of my square cap and my tippet, and became a practicioner of the ciuill law, in the attire of a temporal man. 1598 R. Barckley Disc. Felicitie of Man v. 386 Sollicitors..the skumme gatherers of sutes,..with all that rabblement of practitioners, who deuour the substance of poore men. 1631 P. Heylyn Hist. St. George 80 A practitioner in the Parliamentarie Court in that City. 1725 London Gaz. No. 6384/8 John Saunders,..Practitioner of the Law. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. x. 165 The time and study..knowledge and application..are at least equal to what is necessary for the greatest practitioners in law and physick. View more context for this quotation 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxx. 316 The public offices of the legal profession, where writs are issued..and numerous other ingenious little machines put in motion, for..the comfort and emolument of the practitioners of the law. 1850 H. Melville White-jacket lxxxvi. 399 The Purser..had been a notary, or surrogate, or some sort of cosy chamber practitioner in his time. 1874 J. L. Motley Life John of Barneveld I. x. 379 A regular practitioner at the Supreme Court of the Hague. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 204/1 Till the year 1859 the practitioners in the High Court of Admiralty were the same as those in the ecclesiastical courts. 1959 Dict. National Biogr. 1941–50 933/2 His avowed aim..was to create a mutual understanding between the students and practitioners of the civil law and the common law. 2004 U.S. News & World Rep. 12 July 36/3 Everyone from solo practitioners to white-shoe law firms is offering help. d. Christian Science. An accredited professional healer. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > healer > alternative practitioner > [noun] > faith healer > Christian Scientist scientist1875 Christian Scientist1878 metaphysician1881 practitioner1883 1883 M. B. Eddy in Christian Sci. Jrnl. 1 3 The most of our practitioners have plenty to do and many more are needed. 1911 Maclean's Dec. 211/2 Mr. Quimby was a magnetic practitioner. 1958 Lima (Ohio) News 28 Dec. b1/3 After Mr. Fritz's recovery his wife, Sarah, became a practitioner and devoted her future years to the faithful practice of Christian Science. 1999 B. DeGeneres Love, Ellen i. 37 We would call a practitioner for help, but we still used medicine and took vitamins—something devout, dedicated Christian Scientists don't do. 2. A person who habitually or customarily engages in a particular activity or type of behaviour, esp. the rituals and practices of a particular religion. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > [noun] > one who practiser1541 practitioner1548 exerciser1552 practicant1952 1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Iiv Ye private masse supper is..blasphemouse to God and annoyous to the practycioners therof. 1589 Nashe in Greene Menaph. (Arb.) Ded. 12 Such bungling practitioners in principles. 1617 J. Moore Mappe Mans Mortal. iii. viii. 240 Christians must be daily practicioners of Faith and Repentance. 1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea 176 A self evident virtue, of which the practitioners only know the luxury. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Nov. 4/2 The most conspicuous professor, or at any rate the most conspicuous practitioner, of the doctrine that statesmanship is superior to the trammels of moral obligation. a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) i. xiii. 126 For me, as the practitioner of some kindred mystery to his own, he manifested..a measure of respect. 1956 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xxvi. 34 In Cuba the practitioners of a religion known as Santeria use a variety of African language called Lucumí in their religious services. 1979 H. Kissinger White House Years xxiv. 1087 The Chinese leaders were the most unsentimental practitioners of balance-of-power politics I have encountered. 2005 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 16 Jan. xiii.6/6 The Buddhist practitioners in the experiment had undergone training in the Tibetan Nyingmapa and Kagyupa traditions of meditation. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > one who acts for another procuratorc1300 proctor1301 attorney1347 provisora1393 assignee1419 procuracya1425 solicitorc1425 factor1445 soliciter1464 doer1465 umbothman1482 agent1523 assign1526 procurera1533 practitioner1560 proxy1585 pragmatic1593 procureur1604 pragmatitioner1607 foreign agent1646 institor1657 agent general1659 proxy-man1696 interestera1701 maat1824 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxvijv Naming also certen practicioners & messagers, by whose meanes chiefly the thing was wrought. 1561 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. xxiv. 243 Swadell, late Dr. Boner's servant: and yet thought to be a practitioner for him. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > plotter compassera1513 engineer?a1513 hafter1519 contrivera1522 deviser1523 intrycarc1540 practiser1545 practisant1550 practitioner1560 brewer1563 platformer1572 hatcher1578 politician1586 plotter1594 tamperer1599 plotcaster1602 machinator1611 plot-maker1641 trinketer1651 intriguer1667 plot-monger1683 schemist1724 under-plotter1728 intriguant1781 policizer1809 intriguist1830 schemer1846 planster1945 wheeler-dealer1960 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > [noun] > practitioner japer1362 practiser1545 practitioner1560 amuser1583 fopper1659 hummer1763 prankster1811 hoaxer1814 puck1823 practical joker1830 pranking1852 card1853 leg-puller1887 kidder1888 pranker1890 codologist1897 spoofer1914 wind-up artist1984 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xliiij He [sc. Luther] is wel knowen to be such a practisioner, that there is no doubt, but suche thinges as are well written he..wil corrupt and depraue. 1601 W. Watson Important Considerations (1675) 77 Parsons and Heywood are found to be Practitioners. 1793 A. L. Barbauld Sins of Govt. 22 They will soon be detected by practitioners as cunning and dextrous as ourselves. 1872 Earl Granville Let. in Fitzmaurice Life (1908) II. 410 Dealing with such practitioners as our friend in St Petersburg, I can conceive the Russians pining for Constantinople. 5. A person engaged in practising a particular occupation for the sake of acquiring or retaining skill in it; a novice, a beginner; a trainee, a junior; (British Army) (more fully practitioner engineer) a trainee engineer. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] learnerc900 lore-childa1300 prenticea1400 practitioner1577 catechumen1717 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Socrates Scholasticus i. v, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 223 Certaine others were late practitioners and nouices in the ministerie. a1627 J. Fletcher & T. Middleton Nice Valour iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Xxx/2 Ile fit you with my Schollers, new practitioners. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 6 The Practitioner in Navigation, is next to learn to know..the certain time of the Flowing and Ebbing of the Sea. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 341 11 sub-engineers, and 16 practitioners. 1776 Court & City Reg. 166/1 Practitioner Engineers and Ensigns at 3s. 8d. a day. 1789 Trifler No. 33. 420 The discordant sounds of uninstructed practitioners on the harpsichord. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. i. 105 The practitioner was then to assail the pel, armed with sword and shield..as he would an adversary. 1857 M. S. Cummins Mabel Vaughan xi. 130 It is astonishing how quickly those little practitioners become adepts in their art. 1900 Dict. National Biogr. LXII. 1/1 He..entered the Royal Military Academy..and was appointed practitioner-engineer on 1 Jan. 1753. 1980 Imago Mundi 32 22 This is the case for James Wybault, warranted a practitioner engineer in 1722. DerivativesΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > [noun] falsec1000 fraudc1330 barrat1340 faitery1377 defraudc1450 trumpery1481 covin1487 defraudationc1503 knavery1528 conveyance1531 imposture1537 defrauding1548 cozenage1583 impostry1585 catch-dolt1592 gullery1598 coggery1602 gullage1607 charlatism1611 impostury1615 quacksalvery1617 mountebankery1618 imposition1632 imposturisma1634 blaflum1637 charlatanry1638 defraudment1645 mountebankism1649 impostorya1652 impostorism1652 imposturage1654 impostery1656 mountebank1657 imposing1659 quackery1675 quackism1722 empiricism1774 cross1802 charlatanism1804 practitionery1818 cozenry1829 humbuggery1831 trick1833 thimble-shift1834 thimble-shifting1834 thimbleriggery1841 humbuggism1842 quackhood1843 quacksalverism1864 razzle-dazzle1928 spivery1948 shuck1958 shucking and jiving1969 1818 Edinb. Rev. 29 267 A character compounded of confident pretence on the one hand, and the merest practitionery on the other. 1842 F. Black Princ. & Pract. Homœopathy i. 5 For such practitionery we know no better advice than that of the judicious Huxham..to peruse the Sixth Commandment. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1543 |
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