pneumono-comb. form

Stress is often attracted to this combining form and vowels in subsequent elements may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: before a vowel pneumon-.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek πνευμον- , πνεύμων , -o- connective.

Etymology: < ancient Greek πνευμον-, πνεύμων, variant (see note) of πλεύμων lung ( < πλεῖν to swim, float (see pleon n.¹) + -μων , suffix forming nouns; as the lungs float in water) + -o- connective. Compare German pneumono- (formations in which are found from at least the second half of the 19th cent.: see e.g. pneumonoconiosis n.). Compare pneumo- comb. form 2.Formations in English are found from the mid 19th cent. (see e.g. pneumonocarcinoma n. , pneumonocele n. , and pneumonorrhagia n. ). The Greek forms πνεύμων and πλεύμων are both frequent in manuscripts. The form πλεύμων represents the original, etymological form; the form πνεύμων represents an alteration after πνεῦμα breath (see pneuma n.).

Chiefly Medicine.

Of or relating to the lungs. Cf. pneumo- comb. form 2.

† pneumonalgia n. Obsolete rare pain in the chest; spec. angina pectoris.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > pain in specific parts > [noun] > in lungs

pneumonalgia1853

1853 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 9) Pneumonalgia, angina pectoris.

1895 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Pneumonalgia, pain in the lungs. A term used by Alibert for angina pectoris, which was the fifth genus of pulmonary diseases (pneumoses) in his nosology.

† pneumonocarcinoma n. Obsolete rare carcinoma of the lung.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 674/1 Pneumonocarcinoma, cancer of the lungs.

pneumonocele n.

Brit.

/ˈnjuːmənə(ʊ)siːl/

U.S.

/ˈn(j)umənəˌsil/

/n(j)uˈmoʊnəˌsil/

/n(j)uˈmɑnəˌsil/

rare hernia of the lung; cf. pneumatocele n. 2, pneumocele n. 2.

ΚΠ

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 674/1 Pneumonocele, hernia of the lung.

1911 Lancet 15 Apr. 1021 The hernial orifice..could be closed by a single finger and the formation of the pneumonocele prevented.

1959 Indian Jrnl. Tuberculosis 6 142 Hernia of the lung or pneumonocele is a protrusion of the pleura covered lung beyond the normal confines of the thoracic cavity through an abnormal opening in the chest wall.

pneumonocirrhosis n.

Brit.

/ˌnjuːmənə(ʊ)sᵻˈrəʊsɪs/

U.S.

/ˌn(j)umənoʊsəˈroʊsəs/

/n(j)uˈmoʊnoʊsəˈroʊsəs/

/n(j)uˈmɑnoʊsəˈroʊsəs/

rare pulmonary fibrosis.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 986/2 Pneumonocirrhosis, term for cirrhosis, or a morbid, yellowish, granulated condition of the lung.

2000 European Patent Applic. 1016408 A1 2 Migration of monocytes and macrophages to a pathogenic region..is observed..in nephritis, pneumonocirrhosis, arteriosclerosis, and malignant tumors.

† pneumonodynia n. Obsolete rare pain in the lungs.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 987/1 Pneumonodynia, term for pain of the lung.

† pneumonolith n. Obsolete rare = pneumolith n. at pneumo- comb. form 2.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1896 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Pneumonolith, see pneumolith.

† pneumonolithiasis n. Obsolete rare the formation or presence of concretions in the lung.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 987/1 Pneumonolithiasis, term for lithiasis, or the formation of stone in the lung.

pneumonometer n.

Brit.

/ˌnjuːməˈnɒmᵻtə/

U.S.

/ˌn(j)uməˈnɑmədər/

rare (now historical) = pneumatometer n.

ΚΠ

1857 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (rev. ed.) 674/1 Pneumonometer, spirometer.

2004 Jrnl. Clin. Investig. 114 1043 The eminent German physiologist Eduard Pflüger..described a ‘pneumonometer’ as far back as 1882.

pneumonomycosis n.

Brit.

/ˌnjuːmənə(ʊ)mʌɪˈkəʊsɪs/

U.S.

/ˌn(j)umənoʊmaɪˈkoʊsəs/

/n(j)uˌmoʊnoʊmaɪˈkoʊsəs/

/n(j)uˌmɑnoʊmaɪˈkoʊsəs/

[after German Pneumonomycosis (R. Virchow 1856, in Arch. f. pathologische Anat. u. Physiol. 9 558)] now rare = pneumomycosis n. at pneumo- comb. form 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > caused by fungus or parasite

pneumotyphus1846

pneumonomycosis1875

pneumomycosis1890

psittacosis1896

aspergillosis1898

histoplasmosis1907

nocardiosis1907

parrot disease1908

torulosis1929

coccidioidomycosis1937

valley fever1938

ornithosis1939

farmer's lung1944

parrot fever1947

San Joaquin Valley fever1958

1875 tr. H. Hertz in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. V. 468 (heading) Vegetable Parasites [of the lungs]. Pneumonomycosis.

1892 Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. 1 164 (title) Remarks upon a case of aspergillar pneumonomycosis.

1927 Amer. Rev. Tuberculosis 16 575 (title) Clinical manifestations of pneumonomycosis.

pneumonorrhagia n.

Brit.

/ˌnjuːmənəˈreɪdʒɪə/

U.S.

/ˌn(j)umənəˈreɪdʒ(i)ə/

/n(j)uˌmoʊnəˈreɪdʒ(i)ə/

/n(j)uˌmɑnəˈreɪdʒ(i)ə/

rare = pneumorrhagia n. at pneumo- comb. form 2.

ΚΠ

1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) 550/2 Pneumonorrhagia, hæmoptysis.

1997 Jrnl. Neurol. Sci. 151 108/2 CSF findings improved temporarily, but she died of pneumonorrhagia caused by severe thrombocytopenia.

pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis n.

Brit.

/ˌnjuːmənəʊˌʌltrəˌmʌɪkrəˌskɒpɪkˌsɪlᵻkəʊvɒlˌkeɪnəʊˌkəʊnɪˈəʊsɪs/

U.S.

/n(j)uˌmɑnoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɔlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/

/n(j)uˌmɑnoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɑlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/

/ˌn(j)umənoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɔlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/

/ˌn(j)umənoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɑlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/

/n(j)uˌmoʊnoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɔlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/

/n(j)uˌmoʊnoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɑlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/

(also pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis) [compare pneumonoconiosis n.] a word invented (probably by Everett M. Smith (born 1894), president of the National Puzzlers' League in 1935) in imitation of polysyllabic medical terms, alleged to mean ‘a lung disease caused by the inhalation of very fine sand and ash dust’ but occurring only as an instance of a very long word.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > caused by dust or fibre

stone-cutter's disease or phthisis1540

phthisis1821

black lung1837

anthracosis1838

shoddy fever1851

potter's consumption1863

siderosis1869

collier's phthisis1871

iron lung1872

chalicosis1878

pneumonoconiosis1878

tabacosis1879

byssinosis1881

pneumoconiosis1881

silicosis1881

potter's rot1895

fur-fever1905

stonemason's lung1905

asbestosis1927

anthracosilicosis1929

pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis1935

bagassosis1941

bagasse1943

berylliosis1943

thesaurosis1958

1935 N.Y. Herald-Tribune 23 Feb. 3/2 Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis succeeded electrophotomicrographically as the longest word in the English language recognized by the National Puzzlers' League at the opening session of the organization's 103d semi-annual meeting held yesterday at the Hotel New Yorker.

1936 F. Scully Bedside Manna 87 Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanakoniosis [sic], a disease caused by ultra-microscopic particles of sandy volcanic dust, might give even him laryngitis.

1966 Word Study Oct. 7/2 The resources of Greek have enriched the modern world as well as the ancient one. Perhaps this is most dramatically illustrated by the longest and most fantastic word now in an English dictionary (the Merriam-Webster's great Unabridged) which is forty-five letters in length: pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis,..meaning ‘a disease of the lungs caused by extremely small particles of ash and dust’.

1973 R. E. Megarry Second Miscellany-at-law 160 It has been said that ‘floccinaucinihilipilification’ is the longest word in the English language... The word's proud title must yield to some technical terms, such as pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis.

2001 Eng. Jrnl. 91 90/2 I love to tell the students their first vocabulary word is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis and watch them scramble for their pencils to copy it down.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pneumono-
释义	pneumono-comb. form Stress is often attracted to this combining form and vowels in subsequent elements may be reduced accordingly. Forms: before a vowel pneumon-. Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek πνευμον- , πνεύμων , -o- connective. Etymology: < ancient Greek πνευμον-, πνεύμων, variant (see note) of πλεύμων lung ( < πλεῖν to swim, float (see pleon n.¹) + -μων , suffix forming nouns; as the lungs float in water) + -o- connective. Compare German pneumono- (formations in which are found from at least the second half of the 19th cent.: see e.g. pneumonoconiosis n.). Compare pneumo- comb. form 2.Formations in English are found from the mid 19th cent. (see e.g. pneumonocarcinoma n. , pneumonocele n. , and pneumonorrhagia n. ). The Greek forms πνεύμων and πλεύμων are both frequent in manuscripts. The form πλεύμων represents the original, etymological form; the form πνεύμων represents an alteration after πνεῦμα breath (see pneuma n.). Chiefly Medicine. Of or relating to the lungs. Cf. pneumo- comb. form 2. † pneumonalgia n. Obsolete rare pain in the chest; spec. angina pectoris.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > pain in specific parts > [noun] > in lungs pneumonalgia1853 1853 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 9) Pneumonalgia, angina pectoris. 1895 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Pneumonalgia, pain in the lungs. A term used by Alibert for angina pectoris, which was the fifth genus of pulmonary diseases (pneumoses) in his nosology. † pneumonocarcinoma n. Obsolete rare carcinoma of the lung.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 674/1 Pneumonocarcinoma, cancer of the lungs. pneumonocele n. Brit. /ˈnjuːmənə(ʊ)siːl/ , U.S. /ˈn(j)umənəˌsil/ , /n(j)uˈmoʊnəˌsil/ , /n(j)uˈmɑnəˌsil/ rare hernia of the lung; cf. pneumatocele n. 2, pneumocele n. 2. ΚΠ 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 674/1 Pneumonocele, hernia of the lung. 1911 Lancet 15 Apr. 1021 The hernial orifice..could be closed by a single finger and the formation of the pneumonocele prevented. 1959 Indian Jrnl. Tuberculosis 6 142 Hernia of the lung or pneumonocele is a protrusion of the pleura covered lung beyond the normal confines of the thoracic cavity through an abnormal opening in the chest wall. pneumonocirrhosis n. Brit. /ˌnjuːmənə(ʊ)sᵻˈrəʊsɪs/ , U.S. /ˌn(j)umənoʊsəˈroʊsəs/ , /n(j)uˈmoʊnoʊsəˈroʊsəs/ , /n(j)uˈmɑnoʊsəˈroʊsəs/ rare pulmonary fibrosis. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 986/2 Pneumonocirrhosis, term for cirrhosis, or a morbid, yellowish, granulated condition of the lung. 2000 European Patent Applic. 1016408 A1 2 Migration of monocytes and macrophages to a pathogenic region..is observed..in nephritis, pneumonocirrhosis, arteriosclerosis, and malignant tumors. † pneumonodynia n. Obsolete rare pain in the lungs.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 987/1 Pneumonodynia, term for pain of the lung. † pneumonolith n. Obsolete rare = pneumolith n. at pneumo- comb. form 2.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1896 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Pneumonolith, see pneumolith. † pneumonolithiasis n. Obsolete rare the formation or presence of concretions in the lung.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 987/1 Pneumonolithiasis, term for lithiasis, or the formation of stone in the lung. pneumonometer n. Brit. /ˌnjuːməˈnɒmᵻtə/ , U.S. /ˌn(j)uməˈnɑmədər/ rare (now historical) = pneumatometer n. ΚΠ 1857 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (rev. ed.) 674/1 Pneumonometer, spirometer. 2004 Jrnl. Clin. Investig. 114 1043 The eminent German physiologist Eduard Pflüger..described a ‘pneumonometer’ as far back as 1882. pneumonomycosis n. Brit. /ˌnjuːmənə(ʊ)mʌɪˈkəʊsɪs/ , U.S. /ˌn(j)umənoʊmaɪˈkoʊsəs/ , /n(j)uˌmoʊnoʊmaɪˈkoʊsəs/ , /n(j)uˌmɑnoʊmaɪˈkoʊsəs/ [after German Pneumonomycosis (R. Virchow 1856, in Arch. f. pathologische Anat. u. Physiol. 9 558)] now rare = pneumomycosis n. at pneumo- comb. form 2. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > caused by fungus or parasite pneumotyphus1846 pneumonomycosis1875 pneumomycosis1890 psittacosis1896 aspergillosis1898 histoplasmosis1907 nocardiosis1907 parrot disease1908 torulosis1929 coccidioidomycosis1937 valley fever1938 ornithosis1939 farmer's lung1944 parrot fever1947 San Joaquin Valley fever1958 1875 tr. H. Hertz in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. V. 468 (heading) Vegetable Parasites [of the lungs]. Pneumonomycosis. 1892 Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. 1 164 (title) Remarks upon a case of aspergillar pneumonomycosis. 1927 Amer. Rev. Tuberculosis 16 575 (title) Clinical manifestations of pneumonomycosis. pneumonorrhagia n. Brit. /ˌnjuːmənəˈreɪdʒɪə/ , U.S. /ˌn(j)umənəˈreɪdʒ(i)ə/ , /n(j)uˌmoʊnəˈreɪdʒ(i)ə/ , /n(j)uˌmɑnəˈreɪdʒ(i)ə/ rare = pneumorrhagia n. at pneumo- comb. form 2. ΚΠ 1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) 550/2 Pneumonorrhagia, hæmoptysis. 1997 Jrnl. Neurol. Sci. 151 108/2 CSF findings improved temporarily, but she died of pneumonorrhagia caused by severe thrombocytopenia. pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis n. Brit. /ˌnjuːmənəʊˌʌltrəˌmʌɪkrəˌskɒpɪkˌsɪlᵻkəʊvɒlˌkeɪnəʊˌkəʊnɪˈəʊsɪs/ , U.S. /n(j)uˌmɑnoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɔlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/ , /n(j)uˌmɑnoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɑlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/ , /ˌn(j)umənoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɔlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/ , /ˌn(j)umənoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɑlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/ , /n(j)uˌmoʊnoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɔlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/ , /n(j)uˌmoʊnoʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkoʊvɑlˌkeɪnoʊˌkoʊniˈoʊsəs/ (also pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis) [compare pneumonoconiosis n.] a word invented (probably by Everett M. Smith (born 1894), president of the National Puzzlers' League in 1935) in imitation of polysyllabic medical terms, alleged to mean ‘a lung disease caused by the inhalation of very fine sand and ash dust’ but occurring only as an instance of a very long word. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > caused by dust or fibre stone-cutter's disease or phthisis1540 phthisis1821 black lung1837 anthracosis1838 shoddy fever1851 potter's consumption1863 siderosis1869 collier's phthisis1871 iron lung1872 chalicosis1878 pneumonoconiosis1878 tabacosis1879 byssinosis1881 pneumoconiosis1881 silicosis1881 potter's rot1895 fur-fever1905 stonemason's lung1905 asbestosis1927 anthracosilicosis1929 pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis1935 bagassosis1941 bagasse1943 berylliosis1943 thesaurosis1958 1935 N.Y. Herald-Tribune 23 Feb. 3/2 Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis succeeded electrophotomicrographically as the longest word in the English language recognized by the National Puzzlers' League at the opening session of the organization's 103d semi-annual meeting held yesterday at the Hotel New Yorker. 1936 F. Scully Bedside Manna 87 Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanakoniosis [sic], a disease caused by ultra-microscopic particles of sandy volcanic dust, might give even him laryngitis. 1966 Word Study Oct. 7/2 The resources of Greek have enriched the modern world as well as the ancient one. Perhaps this is most dramatically illustrated by the longest and most fantastic word now in an English dictionary (the Merriam-Webster's great Unabridged) which is forty-five letters in length: pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis,..meaning ‘a disease of the lungs caused by extremely small particles of ash and dust’. 1973 R. E. Megarry Second Miscellany-at-law 160 It has been said that ‘floccinaucinihilipilification’ is the longest word in the English language... The word's proud title must yield to some technical terms, such as pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis. 2001 Eng. Jrnl. 91 90/2 I love to tell the students their first vocabulary word is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis and watch them scramble for their pencils to copy it down. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1842
随便看	odd-mannered odd-mark odd-number odd-numbered odd-odd odd-order odd-parity odd-peaked odd-pinnate odd-pinnately odd-shaped odd-sounding odd-tempered odd-thinking odd-timer odd-toed odd-turned oddandend oddball oddballer oddballest oddballs oddceited oddcomeshort oddcomeshortly