| 释义 |
portcullisn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French porte coliz, porte coulëice. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman porte coliz (early 13th cent.) and Old French porte coulëice, porte collëisce, porte coulëiche, Old French, Middle French porte colëice, porte colice (all 13th cent.; 12th cent. as porte de fer colëice ) < porte port n.3 + colëice , feminine of colëis sliding < couler to flow (see cool v.2) + -ëis , suffix (ultimately < classical Latin adjectives ending in -ātīcius ). Compare coulisse n. Compare post-classical Latin porta coleicea, porta colicea, porta culeicia, porta culicia (13th cent. in British sources).In γ. forms probably by association with close adj. or its etymon Old French, Middle French clos (feminine close). In early use frequently unchanged in the plural. Formerly often written as two words or hyphenated. 1. society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > gate > [noun] > portcullis α. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) 8310 (MED) Alle þe gates þai schetten fast And lete falle port colice on hast. a1400 (?c1300) (Egerton) l. 1283 + 197 With brugges and portecules. a1425 (?c1350) (1964) 674 (MED) At aiþer entre was, iwys, Straytly wroght a portculis, Shod wele with yren and stele. 1488 (c1478) Hary (Adv.) (1968–9) ix. l. 634 A cruell portar gat apon the wall, Powit out a pyn, the portculys leit fall. a1500 (?c1450) 254 (MED) In-to the town were but two entrees, and at eche entre two porte colyses. 1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar v. f. 132v Towres were plauncherd, & battlements and portcolyses of timber set vp. 1590 E. Spenser ii. ix. 24 A fayre Portcullis..to the gate directly did incline With comely compasse and compacture strong. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy xxvii. xxviii. 650 The rope was let goe, at which the port~cullies hung, and it fell downe with a mightie noise. a1627 J. Hayward (1630) 74 The cannon against S. Stephens gate executed so well, that in short time the Portcullis and gate were broken. 1707 J. Mortimer xvii. 421 The Hollanders.., for the Preservation of their Gates, Portcullis, Draw-bridges, Sluces, and other Timbers exposed to the perpetual Injuries of the Weather, coat them over with a mixture of Pitch and Tar. 1762 L. Sterne VI. xxii. 94 At the latter end of the same year he added a couple of gates with portcullises. 1794 J. Adams 94 A wagon which they had driven, and intentionally stopt in the gateway, prevented the portcullis from being let down. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton I. ii. i. 154 Under the portal as he entered, hung the grate of the portcullis. 1887 H. Caine III. xxxiii. 57 The notched door of the portcullis was open. 1954 A. Seton xv. 247 They went beneath the raised portcullis through massive walls and stopped by the door of a round donjon tower. 1992 W. James (BNC) 133 The men operating the windlass for the portcullis cheered Burun as he rode past. a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) 1475 in C. Horstmann (1881) 2nd Ser. 439 (MED) O Gloryous martir..Be thow our swerd..Our portecolys [v.r. poortcolys]..Gate off dyffence. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Test. (Harl. 218) 141 in (1911) i. 334 (MED) Iesu..is..Our tour, our castell geyn powers infernall, Our portecoleys, our bolewerke, and our wall. ?1510 T. More tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola sig. c.i A sure portculiouse ageinst wikked spirites. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus xxv. viii. 277 That the Emperour..would in the same state keepe this citie, the strongest port-cluse and key of all the East. 1635 F. Quarles ii. ix. 97 Ah, where's that pearle Percullis [i.e. teeth], that adorn'd Those dainty two-leav'd Ruby gates [i.e. lips]? 1699 E. Ward I. iii. 6 Several Gates of hungry Citizens, where Teeth are the Port-Cullice. 1711 70 When..we are ready to enter in at this Portcullis of Seraphical Glory [sc. to die], the very Name of Death, as of some dreadful Gorgon, makes us quake and tremble. 1782 T. Warton 95 This very unpathetic and unpastoral idea.., that ‘the portcullis of the castle of his heart was fallen’. 1851 H. Melville lxxiv. 370 If you pry it [sc. a whale's jaw] up, so as to get it overhead, and expose its rows of teeth, it seems a terrific portcullis. a1894 O. W. Holmes (1912) 336 The smooth portcullis of the smiling face Veils the grim battery with deceptive grace, But in the flashes of its opened fire, Truth, Honor, Justice, Peace and Love expire. 1924 R. Campbell iii. 51 He sucks his lean and hairy paws, Slamming the huge portcullis of his jaws. 1991 16 Aug. 7/5 The corporate portcullis has been down ever since criticism of the revamping of Harvey Nichols that followed its acquisition by the Burton Group. the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [noun] > grating or lattice > something resembling a lattice society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > other heraldic representations > [noun] > architectural features c1450 in R. H. Robbins (1959) 202 The Castell is wonne where care be-gown; The Portecolys [= Edmund Beaufort] is leyde a-down.] a1460 (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 1297 (MED) What so the duke commaundeth..In werk or wacch or feeld..it was fulfild anoon—The signys mute, in aventure a sterre, A portcolys, a sonne, it wil not erre. 1485 in W. Campbell (1877) II. 16 To Mathew Hoberd, Goldsmythe, for making of cv. porculiers of siluer and gilte. 1513 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark (1886) II. 347 All the Wyndowes..also with Rosez and purcholious. 1523 c. 12 All suche farthinges..shall haue vppon the one side thereof the printe of the port collice. 1565 c. 12 §2 The Queenes Highnes Seale of Leade, having the Portecullies crowned, ingraved on the one syde thereof. 1672 E. Ashmole vi. 225 In the middle before the Breast, is a large Portcullis, whereat hangs a most rich Jewel. 1697 J. Evelyn iii. 87 A pensile Cataracta or Portcluse and Coronet between the Chains. 1707 G. Hickes ii. i. 240 The Rose, Portcluse, Fleur de lis, and Harp are crowned. 1723 T. Abingdon (ed. 2) 16 The others being intermixed with the Port-cullis, Fleur de Lis, and Pomegranates, import our King's Right to France, and his Son's Match with Spain. 1857 II. 395 (note) The arms given to the office of Ulster were, Argent, St. George's cross, and on a chief gules a lion between a harp and portcullis, all or. 1863 C. Boutell x. 54 In Heraldry, a Portcullis is always represented as having rings at its uppermost angles. 1912 3 June 6/1 The velvet brocade material was obtained from Florence, where it was woven after an English design of stems with Tudor roses encircling portcullises. 1969 J. Franklyn & J. Tanner 264/2 Portcullis, a massive grid, or grille... The [portcullis] in heraldry must always have its rings which were part of the construction, but may be without its supporting chains if blazoned ‘sans chain’. 1990 J. Paxman iv. 108 Aspiring judges are called to a room at the western end of the Palace of Westminster overlooking the Thames, and, seated on chairs stamped with the gilt portcullis, interviewed about their suitability for the job. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] 1600 B. Jonson iii. i. sig. K I had not so much as the least Portcullice of coine before. View more context for this quotation 1600 S. Rowlands Epigram xix. sig. B5 Then doth he diue into his sloppes profound, Where not a poore Port-cullice can be found. society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldry > herald > [noun] > officer ranking below herald > English pursuivants 1616 J. Bullokar Percullis, the name of an office of one of the Pursiuants at armes. 1631 J. Weever 682 Segar being Portcullis Pursuiuant of Armes in the yeare 1586. 1656 T. Blount at Harold There be four others called Marshals or Pursuivants at Arms,..those are Blew-mantle, Rouge-cross, Rouge-dragon, and Percullis. 1722 No. 6084/5 Port~cullis, Pursuivant of Arms. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in IV. 27 The four pursuivants..are Rougecroix, Bluemantle, Rougedragon, and Portcullis. a1859 T. B. Macaulay x All the fantastic pomp of heraldry was there, Clarencieux and Norroy, Portcullis and Rouge Dragon. 1885 at Beltz, George Frederick After being portcullis pursuivant from 1817 to 1822 he was appointed Lancaster herald. 1905 157/1 Arms, College of, or Heralds' College... Four Pursuivants... Portcullis, Thomas Morgan Joseph-Watkin. 1982 17 Sept. 10/7 As historians and genealogists, Clarenceux King of Arms, Portcullis Pursuivant, and their colleagues are eminent scholars who have altered our perception of the past. 2003 (Nexis) 2 Sept. In 1948, he [sc. Michael Maclagan] had been made Slains Pursuivant.., an honorific position that he held until his appointment as Portcullis Pursuivant in 1970. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room generally > [noun] > others 1631 T. Heywood i. 6 Besse, you must fill some wine into the Portcullis, the Gentlemen there will drinke none but of your drawing. 1631 T. Heywood iii. 29 Enter the Kitchin-maid. Maid. I pray forsooth, what shall I reckon for the Iolle of Ling in the Port-cullis. Compounds society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > colonial coins 1784 J. Pinkerton 168 The Portcullis coins of Elizabeth, coined in rivalship of the Spanish king..of different sizes from the crown downwards. 1917 14 635 Portcullis coin struck in the reign of Elizabeth, with a portcullis stamped on the reverse; also called India money. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > colonial coins 1745 M. Folkes 61 The portcullis money of this queen, as it is commonly called, is next to be taken notice of; tho' it was not really current English coin. 1898 G. B. Rawlings 196 They [sc. coins for use of the E.I.C.] are called the ‘portcullis-money’ from their reverse type. 1926 28 Sept. 10/5 Portcullis money, the coinage made in 1601 and by law exportable for the use of the [East India] Company's agents abroad. 2004 (Nexis) 2 Mar. 10 Irish coins and Portcullis money, which was minted for the East India Company at the end of the sixteenth century, have also been tested. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). portcullisv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: portcullis n. Etymology: < portcullis n. Compare earlier portcullised adj. the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place) > with a gate, etc. society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > gate > furnish with gate [verb (transitive)] > furnish with portcullis 1597 W. Shakespeare i. iii. 161 Within my mouth you haue engaold my tongue, Doubly portcullist [1623 percullist] . View more context for this quotation 1611 J. Florio at Rastellare To purcullise. a1634 J. Day (Lansd. 725) f. 14v Portcullice vp the gates, hees poore & base. 1775 F. Grose III. 5 To prevent the entrance of an enemy, they were portcullised, and flanked by two square towers. a1930 D. H. Lawrence (1932) 156 We walked back to the black ruin, through a dark gateway that had been portcullised. 1997 A. W. McNicoll & N. P. Milner 8 An unusual type of postern was found in the walls of Dura Europus... This variety is said to have been portcullised and operated by ropes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.c1330 v.1597 |
