benevolencen.

/bɪˈnɛvələns/

Forms: (Middle English bienueullance), Middle English–1500s beneuolens, beniuolence, benyuolence, benyuolens, Middle English– benevolence, (Middle English–1600s beneu-).

Etymology: < Old French benivolence, < Latin benevolentia well-wishing, < benevolent-em : see benevolent adj. This Old French form was a learned or semi-popular adaptation of the Latin word; its genuine French descendant being bienvoillance, later -veuillance (whence Caxton's bienveullance), now corruptly bienveillance. In English benivolence was further latinized as benevolence at an early period (if this was not directly < Latin.

1. Disposition to do good, desire to promote the happiness of others, kindness, generosity, charitable feeling (as a general state or disposition towards humankind at large).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun]

goodshipOE

goodnessOE

well-willingnessOE

goodlaikc1175

charity?c1225

courtesy1297

kindnessc1300

meeknessc1300

kindheada1325

benignityc1374

benevolencec1384

kindshipa1393

betternessa1400

homeliness1402

goodliness1405

courteousnessc1430

kindliness1440

kindlaikc1450

beneficialness1528

beneficence1531

benevolency1545

beneficency1576

kindheartedness1583

benefiting1594

candidness1643

benefacture1651

geniality1652

candour1653

hearta1656

obliging1676

benevolentness1736

affectionateness1751

warm-heartedness1808

Samaritanism1843

sweet-heartedness1865

benignancy1876

c1384 T. Hoccleve Mother of God 10 Sauer of vs by thy beneuolence.

1423 Kingis Quair xcix Hye Quene of Lufe! sterre of beneuolence.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. xii. 159 Of the fader..he [Plato] sayde the power and puissaunce, of the sone, the sappyence, and of the holy gost the bienueullaunce.

a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie in Dialog Experience & Courteour (1559) sig. Siij With supporte of sum Lordis beneuolens.

1605 F. Thynne Advocate in Animaduersions (1875) p. cxi By the..support of your Maiesties benevolence and liberallity.

1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. i. 8 If there be any Affection in Human Nature, the Object and End of which is the Good of another, this is itself Benevolence, or the Love of another.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. l. 142 Benevolence is the foundation of justice.

1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. ix. 192 The poor and dependent..exercise our active benevolence.

†2.

a. Favourable feeling or disposition, as an emotion manifested towards another; affection; goodwill (towards a particular person or on a particular occasion). to do one's benevolence: to lend one's friendly offices. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > liking or favourable regard > [noun]

loveeOE

well-likinglOE

favoura1340

liking1340

greea1400

study?c1400

benevolence1423

lustc1430

carec1540

goût1586

like1589

infection1600

predilection1626

notion1789

grá1833

shindy1855

hard-on1949

1423 Kingis Quair cviii Though I geve the beneuolence, It standis noght ȝit in myn aduertence.

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes Tab. Contents (1554) Bij Roboam..loste the benevolence of his people.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. vii. 3 Let the man geve vnto the wyfe due benevolence.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. i. 29 I..will be glad to do my beneuolence .

1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 284 When due benevolence is not yielded, although there be aptness there~unto.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. ii. 70 His dislike of application and control prevented his acquiring the benevolence of his superiors.

b. love of benevolence: see love n.¹ 2.

3. concrete. An expression of goodwill, an act of kindness; a gift or grant of money; a contribution for the support of the poor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > act of kindness

goodOE

loveOE

estdedea1325

bounty1330

benefice1340

benefit1377

while1382

whileness1382

officec1384

excellencec1385

goodshipa1393

kindnessc1400

benevolencec1425

benignityc1534

obligement1611

obligation1618

friendlinessa1633

benevolenta1639

beneficence1654

amability1655

benefactiona1662

knight-service1675

kindliness1883

humanity1985

the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > a contribution > (promise of) contribution to a cause

benevolencec1425

pledge1887

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. vii. 157 Recoveryd þe benevolens Wyth trawayle.

1622 Sir J. Ley in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 175 What Benevolence we would willingly bestow towardes the Palatinate.

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 400 Convenient for such as went up to sacrifice, to cast in their benevolence.

1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 58 Towards the charge whereof the companies gave great benevolences.

1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral xi. 282 The City of London gave first a great benevolence.

4. English History. A forced loan or contribution levied, without legal authority, by the kings of England on their subjects. First so called in 1473 when astutely asked by Edward IV., as a token of goodwill towards his rule. Sometimes loosely applied to similar impositions elsewhere.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun]

witereden688

commorth1402

aid1419

subsidy1422

subside?a1425

prest?c1430

loan1439

subventiona1475

benevolence1483

loan-money1523

gratitude1535

press money1561

subsidy money1577

malevolence1592

succour1605

oblation1613

1483 Act 1 Rich. III ii. §1 A newe imposicion named a benevolence.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ccxxv He rode aboute y^e more parte of the lande, and vsed the people in suche fayre maner that he Reysed therby notable Summes of money, The whiche way of the leuyinge of this Money was after named a Benyuolence.

?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Three Bks. Eng. Hist. (1844) 161 Perchance very many gave that benevolence with evil will.

1640 Ld. Digby in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 31 The granting of Subsidies, and that under so preposterous a name as of a Benevolence, for that which is a malevolence indeed.

1661 S. Pepys Diary 31 Aug. (1970) II. 167 The Benevolence proves..an occasion of so much discontent everywhere, that it had better it had never been set up.

1775 Chatham in Parl. The spirit which now resists your taxation in America is the same which formerly opposed loans, benevolences, and ship-money in England.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xviii. 213.

1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 56 Resentment was kept alive by the benevolences and imposts which Nero now demanded.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	benevolence
释义	benevolencen. /bɪˈnɛvələns/ Forms: (Middle English bienueullance), Middle English–1500s beneuolens, beniuolence, benyuolence, benyuolens, Middle English– benevolence, (Middle English–1600s beneu-). Etymology: < Old French benivolence, < Latin benevolentia well-wishing, < benevolent-em : see benevolent adj. This Old French form was a learned or semi-popular adaptation of the Latin word; its genuine French descendant being bienvoillance, later -veuillance (whence Caxton's bienveullance), now corruptly bienveillance. In English benivolence was further latinized as benevolence at an early period (if this was not directly < Latin. 1. Disposition to do good, desire to promote the happiness of others, kindness, generosity, charitable feeling (as a general state or disposition towards humankind at large). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] goodshipOE goodnessOE well-willingnessOE goodlaikc1175 charity?c1225 courtesy1297 kindnessc1300 meeknessc1300 kindheada1325 benignityc1374 benevolencec1384 kindshipa1393 betternessa1400 homeliness1402 goodliness1405 courteousnessc1430 kindliness1440 kindlaikc1450 beneficialness1528 beneficence1531 benevolency1545 beneficency1576 kindheartedness1583 benefiting1594 candidness1643 benefacture1651 geniality1652 candour1653 hearta1656 obliging1676 benevolentness1736 affectionateness1751 warm-heartedness1808 Samaritanism1843 sweet-heartedness1865 benignancy1876 c1384 T. Hoccleve Mother of God 10 Sauer of vs by thy beneuolence. 1423 Kingis Quair xcix Hye Quene of Lufe! sterre of beneuolence. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. xii. 159 Of the fader..he [Plato] sayde the power and puissaunce, of the sone, the sappyence, and of the holy gost the bienueullaunce. a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie in Dialog Experience & Courteour (1559) sig. Siij With supporte of sum Lordis beneuolens. 1605 F. Thynne Advocate in Animaduersions (1875) p. cxi By the..support of your Maiesties benevolence and liberallity. 1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. i. 8 If there be any Affection in Human Nature, the Object and End of which is the Good of another, this is itself Benevolence, or the Love of another. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. l. 142 Benevolence is the foundation of justice. 1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. ix. 192 The poor and dependent..exercise our active benevolence. †2. a. Favourable feeling or disposition, as an emotion manifested towards another; affection; goodwill (towards a particular person or on a particular occasion). to do one's benevolence: to lend one's friendly offices. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > liking or favourable regard > [noun] loveeOE well-likinglOE favoura1340 liking1340 greea1400 study?c1400 benevolence1423 lustc1430 carec1540 goût1586 like1589 infection1600 predilection1626 notion1789 grá1833 shindy1855 hard-on1949 1423 Kingis Quair cviii Though I geve the beneuolence, It standis noght ȝit in myn aduertence. c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes Tab. Contents (1554) Bij Roboam..loste the benevolence of his people. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. vii. 3 Let the man geve vnto the wyfe due benevolence. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. i. 29 I..will be glad to do my beneuolence . View more context for this quotation 1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 284 When due benevolence is not yielded, although there be aptness there~unto. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. ii. 70 His dislike of application and control prevented his acquiring the benevolence of his superiors. b. love of benevolence: see love n.¹ 2. 3. concrete. An expression of goodwill, an act of kindness; a gift or grant of money; a contribution for the support of the poor. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > act of kindness goodOE loveOE estdedea1325 bounty1330 benefice1340 benefit1377 while1382 whileness1382 officec1384 excellencec1385 goodshipa1393 kindnessc1400 benevolencec1425 benignityc1534 obligement1611 obligation1618 friendlinessa1633 benevolenta1639 beneficence1654 amability1655 benefactiona1662 knight-service1675 kindliness1883 humanity1985 the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > a contribution > (promise of) contribution to a cause benevolencec1425 pledge1887 c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. vii. 157 Recoveryd þe benevolens Wyth trawayle. 1622 Sir J. Ley in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 175 What Benevolence we would willingly bestow towardes the Palatinate. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 400 Convenient for such as went up to sacrifice, to cast in their benevolence. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 58 Towards the charge whereof the companies gave great benevolences. 1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral xi. 282 The City of London gave first a great benevolence. 4. English History. A forced loan or contribution levied, without legal authority, by the kings of England on their subjects. First so called in 1473 when astutely asked by Edward IV., as a token of goodwill towards his rule. Sometimes loosely applied to similar impositions elsewhere. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun] witereden688 commorth1402 aid1419 subsidy1422 subside?a1425 prest?c1430 loan1439 subventiona1475 benevolence1483 loan-money1523 gratitude1535 press money1561 subsidy money1577 malevolence1592 succour1605 oblation1613 1483 Act 1 Rich. III ii. §1 A newe imposicion named a benevolence. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ccxxv He rode aboute y^e more parte of the lande, and vsed the people in suche fayre maner that he Reysed therby notable Summes of money, The whiche way of the leuyinge of this Money was after named a Benyuolence. ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Three Bks. Eng. Hist. (1844) 161 Perchance very many gave that benevolence with evil will. 1640 Ld. Digby in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 31 The granting of Subsidies, and that under so preposterous a name as of a Benevolence, for that which is a malevolence indeed. 1661 S. Pepys Diary 31 Aug. (1970) II. 167 The Benevolence proves..an occasion of so much discontent everywhere, that it had better it had never been set up. 1775 Chatham in Parl. The spirit which now resists your taxation in America is the same which formerly opposed loans, benevolences, and ship-money in England. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xviii. 213. 1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 56 Resentment was kept alive by the benevolences and imposts which Nero now demanded. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1384
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