pluteusn.

Brit.

/ˈpluːtɪəs/, U.S.

/ˈpludiəs/

Inflections: Plural plutei.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pluteus.

Etymology: < classical Latin pluteus movable frame of wood or wickerwork used to protect soldiers in siege warfare, low wall, barrier, screen, in post-classical Latin also bookshelf (5th cent.; ?c1475 in a British source), of unknown origin. In sense 2 after scientific Latin Pluteus , former genus name (J. Müller 1846, in Archiv f. Anat. Physiol. u. Med. 108), so called from the resemblance of the larva to a painter's easel (according to Müller a sense of Latin pluteus , although this is nowhere attested). Compare Middle French pluteau movable wooden frame to protect soldiers during a siege (1539), French †plutée desk (1743). Compare earlier plute n.¹

a. Roman Military. A movable wooden frame used to protect soldiers during a siege.

ΚΠ

1565 A. Golding in tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia sig. Nni^v Pluties (whych in this boke I haue translated penthowses and sheddes) were engines of wycker..vnder the defence of the whych, souldyers dyd beate the defendantes from the walles.]

1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 239 And as the ancient Romans had their Crates, Vineae, Plutei, and such like to make their approches.

1699 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ II. iii. x. 102 Another Engine compos'd of Boards, and, like the Roman pluteus, was us'd by Alexander's Souldiers.

1798–9 Britannic Mag. 5 198/2 Moveable towers of several stories..similar to the tortoise, vinea, and pluteus, of the ancients.

1856 C. Anthon in tr. Caesar Comm. Gallic War 407 In either case, the plutei appear to have been formed of a framework covered with hides.

1963 T. A. Dodge Hist. Art of War Romans II. 398 The manufacture of vineoe, plutei, musculi, etc.

2000 R. Jiménez Caesar against Rome ii. vii. 112 By pushing a portable pluteus ahead of them while under this roofed passageway, the Romans were able to extend it right up to the city's wall.

b. Roman Architecture. A screen, light wall, or podium between columns, often decorated or used to display statues.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > barrier or wall between columns

plutea1450

pluteus1664

1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. 141 A kind of Pluteus or smaller Tribunals..wherein Statues are placed to protect them from the down right injuries of the Weather.

1771 W. Newton in tr. Vitruvius Archit. iii. iv. 79 (note) Plutei was the general name of all kinds of fences. To what heighth these plutei between the columns were raised we are not informed; but most probably they were only pedestal high.

1773 T. Martyn & J. Lettice in tr. Antiq. Herculaneum I. 177 (note) Plutei..were either of marble or wood.

1832 W. Gell Pompeiana I. ii. 16 The pillars of the upper portico..stood upon a sort of pluteus.

1854 G. Ripley & B. Taylor Cycl. Lit. & Fine Arts 479/1 The pluteus was also a kind of podium interposed between two orders of columns, where one was placed above the other.

1910 R. Lanciani Rom. Forum 52 The marble plutei with the Suovetaurilia (Fig. II), were discovered embedded in its foundations.

1997 R. Ling Insula of Menanda at Pompeii I. ii. 141 The view was further improved, outside room 18, by the suppression of the pluteus which otherwise filled the intercolumniations.

c. A desk or shelf for books. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > stand > [noun] > shelf

skelf1396

shelfc1405

tack1446

binkc1520

bank1574

bracket1635

hanging shelf1726

wall-plat1841

pluteus1895

1895 Nation (N.Y.) 9 May 359/1 The entrance and the wooden ceiling, as well as the reading-desks or plutei, were of Michelangelo's designing.

1926 W. D. Orcutt In Quest Perfect Bk. vii. 300 When next I hold in my hands those precious manuscripts, still chained to their ancient plutei, it will be with even greater reverence.

1963 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 107 400 The first group [of MSS], those designated by plutei and by pars sinistra or pars dextra (corresponding to the old divisions of the convent library).

2. Zoology. A planktonic larva of an echinoid or ophiuroid (echinoderms), which bears several pairs of rigid elongated arms. Cf. echinopluteus n. at echino- comb. form .

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Ophiuroidea > member of > larva

pluteus1865

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Echinoidea > member of (sea-urchin) > larva

pluteus1865

1865 E. C. Agassiz & A. Agassiz Seaside Stud. Nat. Hist. 131 The young, or the so-called larvae of Echinoderms, have received the name of Pluteus on account of their ever-changing forms.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 569 The free swimming larva [in Ophiuroidea] is a Pluteus, and differs from the Echinoid Pluteus in possessing a pair of lateral arms.

1974 Nature 18 Jan. 166/3 It is very difficult to rear the embryos in the laboratory beyond the pluteus stage.

1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 3003/2 Nearly all the transcripts so far characterized are specific to the late stages such as the mesenchyme blastula, gastrula or pluteus.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pluteus
释义	pluteusn. Brit. /ˈpluːtɪəs/, U.S. /ˈpludiəs/ Inflections: Plural plutei. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pluteus. Etymology: < classical Latin pluteus movable frame of wood or wickerwork used to protect soldiers in siege warfare, low wall, barrier, screen, in post-classical Latin also bookshelf (5th cent.; ?c1475 in a British source), of unknown origin. In sense 2 after scientific Latin Pluteus , former genus name (J. Müller 1846, in Archiv f. Anat. Physiol. u. Med. 108), so called from the resemblance of the larva to a painter's easel (according to Müller a sense of Latin pluteus , although this is nowhere attested). Compare Middle French pluteau movable wooden frame to protect soldiers during a siege (1539), French †plutée desk (1743). Compare earlier plute n.¹ 1. a. Roman Military. A movable wooden frame used to protect soldiers during a siege. ΚΠ 1565 A. Golding in tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia sig. Nni^v Pluties (whych in this boke I haue translated penthowses and sheddes) were engines of wycker..vnder the defence of the whych, souldyers dyd beate the defendantes from the walles.] 1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 239 And as the ancient Romans had their Crates, Vineae, Plutei, and such like to make their approches. 1699 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ II. iii. x. 102 Another Engine compos'd of Boards, and, like the Roman pluteus, was us'd by Alexander's Souldiers. 1798–9 Britannic Mag. 5 198/2 Moveable towers of several stories..similar to the tortoise, vinea, and pluteus, of the ancients. 1856 C. Anthon in tr. Caesar Comm. Gallic War 407 In either case, the plutei appear to have been formed of a framework covered with hides. 1963 T. A. Dodge Hist. Art of War Romans II. 398 The manufacture of vineoe, plutei, musculi, etc. 2000 R. Jiménez Caesar against Rome ii. vii. 112 By pushing a portable pluteus ahead of them while under this roofed passageway, the Romans were able to extend it right up to the city's wall. b. Roman Architecture. A screen, light wall, or podium between columns, often decorated or used to display statues. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > barrier or wall between columns plutea1450 pluteus1664 1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. 141 A kind of Pluteus or smaller Tribunals..wherein Statues are placed to protect them from the down right injuries of the Weather. 1771 W. Newton in tr. Vitruvius Archit. iii. iv. 79 (note) Plutei was the general name of all kinds of fences. To what heighth these plutei between the columns were raised we are not informed; but most probably they were only pedestal high. 1773 T. Martyn & J. Lettice in tr. Antiq. Herculaneum I. 177 (note) Plutei..were either of marble or wood. 1832 W. Gell Pompeiana I. ii. 16 The pillars of the upper portico..stood upon a sort of pluteus. 1854 G. Ripley & B. Taylor Cycl. Lit. & Fine Arts 479/1 The pluteus was also a kind of podium interposed between two orders of columns, where one was placed above the other. 1910 R. Lanciani Rom. Forum 52 The marble plutei with the Suovetaurilia (Fig. II), were discovered embedded in its foundations. 1997 R. Ling Insula of Menanda at Pompeii I. ii. 141 The view was further improved, outside room 18, by the suppression of the pluteus which otherwise filled the intercolumniations. c. A desk or shelf for books. rare. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > stand > [noun] > shelf skelf1396 shelfc1405 tack1446 binkc1520 bank1574 bracket1635 hanging shelf1726 wall-plat1841 pluteus1895 1895 Nation (N.Y.) 9 May 359/1 The entrance and the wooden ceiling, as well as the reading-desks or plutei, were of Michelangelo's designing. 1926 W. D. Orcutt In Quest Perfect Bk. vii. 300 When next I hold in my hands those precious manuscripts, still chained to their ancient plutei, it will be with even greater reverence. 1963 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 107 400 The first group [of MSS], those designated by plutei and by pars sinistra or pars dextra (corresponding to the old divisions of the convent library). 2. Zoology. A planktonic larva of an echinoid or ophiuroid (echinoderms), which bears several pairs of rigid elongated arms. Cf. echinopluteus n. at echino- comb. form . ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Ophiuroidea > member of > larva pluteus1865 the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Echinoidea > member of (sea-urchin) > larva pluteus1865 1865 E. C. Agassiz & A. Agassiz Seaside Stud. Nat. Hist. 131 The young, or the so-called larvae of Echinoderms, have received the name of Pluteus on account of their ever-changing forms. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 569 The free swimming larva [in Ophiuroidea] is a Pluteus, and differs from the Echinoid Pluteus in possessing a pair of lateral arms. 1974 Nature 18 Jan. 166/3 It is very difficult to rear the embryos in the laboratory beyond the pluteus stage. 1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 3003/2 Nearly all the transcripts so far characterized are specific to the late stages such as the mesenchyme blastula, gastrula or pluteus. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1614
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