pluralistadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈplʊərəlɪst/,

/ˈplʊərl̩ɪst/,

/ˈplɔːrəlɪst/,

/ˈplɔːrl̩ɪst/, U.S.

/ˈplʊrələst/

Forms: 1500s pluraliste, 1600s– pluralist.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: plural adj., -ist suffix.

Etymology: < plural adj. + -ist suffix. In sense B. 2 after German Pluralist (1721 in Christian Wolff). Compare French pluraliste , adjective (mid 16th cent. in Middle French in an apparently isolated attestation in sense ‘variable, changeable’; subsequently from 1865 in sense A. 2).

A. adj.

1. Of or relating to pluralism (pluralism n. 1); holding two or more (esp. ecclesiastical) offices or appointments concurrently. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > benefice > [adjective] > holding > two or more together

pluralist1586

plurified1586

pluralized1763

1586 in A. Peel Seconde Parte of Reg. (1915) 246 I knew him to be a notorious, corrupte, prophane, proude, nonresident, pluraliste pseudo hierarchist.

1703 H. Wharton Def. Pluralities (ed. 2) 75 At that time there were no other than Pluralist Clergymen; if they may be so called, who had not the care of any particular Parish or Parishes committed to them.

1804 Ann. Rev. 2 217/1 The Rev. James Hook..had..taken up the gauntlet in favour of his pluralist and non-resident brethren.

1901 Daily Chron. 18 May 7/4 Mr. Bowles..never heard of a private secretary who received £300 a year under one vote, and £800 a year under another... He objected strongly to these pluralist appointments.

1938 G. G. Coulton Medieval Panorama xii. 155 He needed a strong armed guard of nobles and soldiers to protect him against the vengeance of the pluralist clergy to whom he proposed to apply these sanctions.

1998 W. Prest Albion Ascendant ix. 137 There was nothing new about careerist, immoral, non-resident, and pluralist clergymen.

2. Philosophy. = pluralistic adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > ontology > [adjective] > of branches of > of pluralism

pluralistic1873

pluralist1889

1889 tr. J.-J. Gourd in Mind 14 147 For pantheism, it would be necessary to substitute a frankly pluralist doctrine, in which individualities would preserve..their distinction and independence.

1898 Mind 7 452 The Universe may not ultimately be one coherent system, but may contain real contingent elements, and such a pluralist system..Prof. James thinks, commends itself better than monism to the demands of our moral nature.

1919 C. A. Richardson Spiritual Pluralism i. 12 The above is but a broad outline of the pluralist argument as applied to the inorganic world.

1994 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 54 433 The pluralist thesis: There is necessarily a multitude of (meta-) philosophical positions with conflicting cognitive-value standards or perspectives, since none of these perspectives can be ultimately justified and thus proven superior.

3. Of, belonging to, based on, or advocating pluralism in politics, society, culture, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [adjective] > relating to pluralism

pluralistic1912

pluralist1920

1920 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 14 407 The pluralist doctrine is timely in that it calls attention to the present bewildering development of groups within the body politic.

1957 M. P. Fogarty Christian Democracy i. iii. 29 A certain ‘solidarist’ conception of the individual's responsibility to and for the society around him, and, following from this, a ‘federalist’ or ‘pluralist’ ideal of the structure of society and the processes which go on within it.

1972 Times Lit. Suppl. 4 Feb. 115/2 The cheerful belief that the Negro was entering mainstream pluralist politics became incredible after Watts, Newark and Detroit.

1996 Independent 1 Apr. 17/2 Terms such as ‘post-industrialism’ and ‘post-modernism’ refer in part to a less monolithic, more pluralist culture in which all of the old certainties—religious, political and scientific—are in question.

B. n.

a. A member of the clergy who holds two or more benefices or livings concurrently. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > benefice > [noun] > one who possesses > who has two or more

pluralist1611

pluralizer1864

society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [noun] > two or more held together > holding of > one who holds

pluralist1611

church pluralist1659

pluralizer1864

1611 G. Downame Def. Serm. Consecr. Bishop of Bath ii. vii. 123 In the primitiue Church, some Ministers might haue more Churches vnder them, like our double beneficed men and pluralists.

1626 J. Mead Let. 18 Feb. in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times Charles I (1848) (modernized text) I. 82 A bill is also talked of for pluralists to allow their curate, of the benefice they reside upon, £50 per annum.

1760 J. Jortin Life Erasmus II. 188 He seems to have had in view..Cardinal Wolsey, who had been a scandalous pluralist.

1799 Earl Mornington in Ld. Stanhope Life Pitt (1862) III. 192 To make my brother Gerald a fat pluralist: he is at present a meagre singularist.

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. v. 95 A pluralist at whom the severest Church-reformer would have found it difficult to look sour.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 796/2 He [sc. Georges d'Amboise] was also zealous for the reform of the church..and it is greatly to his credit that he did not avail himself of the extremely favourable opportunities he possessed of becoming a pluralist.

1979 Eng. Hist. Rev. 94 525 Nearly 200 pluralists..managed to retain one of their livings.

b. gen. A person who occupies or is employed in two or more offices, professions, conditions, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > one holding more than one office

pluralist1794

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > one who has more than one job

pluralist1794

sundowner1886

moonlighter1957

1794 Acct. Seditious Bk. 16 The holder of unknown and unknowable sinecures, the pluralist of office, the sycophant who is pensioned, [etc.].

1818 ‘T. Brown’ Brighton II. 181 This long pole is but a walking stick to the magical wand of old Hurlothrumbo, the pluralist, who can fill so many places.

1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. App. v. 354 Patriots rather than pluralists.

1891 Daily News 30 Dec. 5/1 The whole land will soon be too hot to hold the pluralists of matrimony.

1912 ‘Saki’ Unbearable Bassington v. 81 She possessed the happily constituted temperament which enables a man or woman to be a ‘pluralist’, and to observe the sage precaution of not putting all one's eggs into one basket.

1991 Past & Present Aug. 79 Far from making public welfare his first priority, he was a pluralist who acted as a company doctor for the railways.

2. Philosophy. An adherent or advocate of pluralism (pluralism n. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > ontology > [noun] > pluralism > adherent of

triarchist1678

pluralist1873

1873 N. Amer. Rev. July 49 Kant never said that the Ding an sich had any objective reality, and he never said that it had none. He was certainly no Idealist in Berkeley's sense. Nor was he a Monist or a Pluralist.

1897 Mind 549 He [sc. William James] must necessarily be a pluralist, on the ground that ‘There is no possible point of view from which the world can appear as an absolutely single fact.’

1919 Mind 28 58 The pluralist..recognizes that the fundamental fact from which the start must be made, is not a dualism of matter and mind, but the unity of the individual experience, which comprises a duality of subject and object.

1966 F. C. Copleston Hist. Philos. VIII. x. 250 The idea of God has the benefit of increasing the pluralist's confidence in the significance of finite existence.

1994 Aquinas Rev. 1 5 Some, called pluralists, posited a multitude of beings, each of which is, in a sense, one and motionless.

3. A person who advocates increased devolution and autonomy for organizations and individuals in preference to monolithic state power. Also: a person who advocates the independent coexistence of different cultural or ethnic groups and ways of life (sometimes opposed to assimilationist); a person who tolerates or accepts a diversity of opinions, values, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [noun] > doctrines or theories > advocate of

universalist1850

mutualist1892

pluralist1916

possibilist1925

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > pluralism > adherent of

pluralist1916

1916 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 13 86 Suppose that on the one hand we adopt the monist solution [to resolving the interests of the Many and the individual], what difference will that make to our political life? If we are pluralists, how will that affect our activities?

1920 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 14 407 The all important fact, so consistently overlooked by the pluralist, that the truly federal state is a unitary state.

1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 563/2 Pluralists define public opinion in terms of controversy.

1981 J. Simmie Power, Property, & Corporatism iii. 121 Liberal pluralists have argued that the state can play one interest group against another in order to leave itself in a position to make the final decision.

2005 Washington Post (Nexis) 21 Feb. a1 Van Orden is a self-declared religious pluralist who was raised Methodist in East Texas and joined the Unitarian church in Austin in the 1990s.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pluralist
释义	pluralistadj.n. Brit. /ˈplʊərəlɪst/, /ˈplʊərl̩ɪst/, /ˈplɔːrəlɪst/, /ˈplɔːrl̩ɪst/, U.S. /ˈplʊrələst/ Forms: 1500s pluraliste, 1600s– pluralist. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: plural adj., -ist suffix. Etymology: < plural adj. + -ist suffix. In sense B. 2 after German Pluralist (1721 in Christian Wolff). Compare French pluraliste , adjective (mid 16th cent. in Middle French in an apparently isolated attestation in sense ‘variable, changeable’; subsequently from 1865 in sense A. 2). A. adj. 1. Of or relating to pluralism (pluralism n. 1); holding two or more (esp. ecclesiastical) offices or appointments concurrently. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > [adjective] > holding > two or more together pluralist1586 plurified1586 pluralized1763 1586 in A. Peel Seconde Parte of Reg. (1915) 246 I knew him to be a notorious, corrupte, prophane, proude, nonresident, pluraliste pseudo hierarchist. 1703 H. Wharton Def. Pluralities (ed. 2) 75 At that time there were no other than Pluralist Clergymen; if they may be so called, who had not the care of any particular Parish or Parishes committed to them. 1804 Ann. Rev. 2 217/1 The Rev. James Hook..had..taken up the gauntlet in favour of his pluralist and non-resident brethren. 1901 Daily Chron. 18 May 7/4 Mr. Bowles..never heard of a private secretary who received £300 a year under one vote, and £800 a year under another... He objected strongly to these pluralist appointments. 1938 G. G. Coulton Medieval Panorama xii. 155 He needed a strong armed guard of nobles and soldiers to protect him against the vengeance of the pluralist clergy to whom he proposed to apply these sanctions. 1998 W. Prest Albion Ascendant ix. 137 There was nothing new about careerist, immoral, non-resident, and pluralist clergymen. 2. Philosophy. = pluralistic adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > ontology > [adjective] > of branches of > of pluralism pluralistic1873 pluralist1889 1889 tr. J.-J. Gourd in Mind 14 147 For pantheism, it would be necessary to substitute a frankly pluralist doctrine, in which individualities would preserve..their distinction and independence. 1898 Mind 7 452 The Universe may not ultimately be one coherent system, but may contain real contingent elements, and such a pluralist system..Prof. James thinks, commends itself better than monism to the demands of our moral nature. 1919 C. A. Richardson Spiritual Pluralism i. 12 The above is but a broad outline of the pluralist argument as applied to the inorganic world. 1994 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 54 433 The pluralist thesis: There is necessarily a multitude of (meta-) philosophical positions with conflicting cognitive-value standards or perspectives, since none of these perspectives can be ultimately justified and thus proven superior. 3. Of, belonging to, based on, or advocating pluralism in politics, society, culture, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [adjective] > relating to pluralism pluralistic1912 pluralist1920 1920 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 14 407 The pluralist doctrine is timely in that it calls attention to the present bewildering development of groups within the body politic. 1957 M. P. Fogarty Christian Democracy i. iii. 29 A certain ‘solidarist’ conception of the individual's responsibility to and for the society around him, and, following from this, a ‘federalist’ or ‘pluralist’ ideal of the structure of society and the processes which go on within it. 1972 Times Lit. Suppl. 4 Feb. 115/2 The cheerful belief that the Negro was entering mainstream pluralist politics became incredible after Watts, Newark and Detroit. 1996 Independent 1 Apr. 17/2 Terms such as ‘post-industrialism’ and ‘post-modernism’ refer in part to a less monolithic, more pluralist culture in which all of the old certainties—religious, political and scientific—are in question. B. n. 1. a. A member of the clergy who holds two or more benefices or livings concurrently. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > [noun] > one who possesses > who has two or more pluralist1611 pluralizer1864 society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [noun] > two or more held together > holding of > one who holds pluralist1611 church pluralist1659 pluralizer1864 1611 G. Downame Def. Serm. Consecr. Bishop of Bath ii. vii. 123 In the primitiue Church, some Ministers might haue more Churches vnder them, like our double beneficed men and pluralists. 1626 J. Mead Let. 18 Feb. in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times Charles I (1848) (modernized text) I. 82 A bill is also talked of for pluralists to allow their curate, of the benefice they reside upon, £50 per annum. 1760 J. Jortin Life Erasmus II. 188 He seems to have had in view..Cardinal Wolsey, who had been a scandalous pluralist. 1799 Earl Mornington in Ld. Stanhope Life Pitt (1862) III. 192 To make my brother Gerald a fat pluralist: he is at present a meagre singularist. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. v. 95 A pluralist at whom the severest Church-reformer would have found it difficult to look sour. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 796/2 He [sc. Georges d'Amboise] was also zealous for the reform of the church..and it is greatly to his credit that he did not avail himself of the extremely favourable opportunities he possessed of becoming a pluralist. 1979 Eng. Hist. Rev. 94 525 Nearly 200 pluralists..managed to retain one of their livings. b. gen. A person who occupies or is employed in two or more offices, professions, conditions, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > one holding more than one office pluralist1794 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > one who has more than one job pluralist1794 sundowner1886 moonlighter1957 1794 Acct. Seditious Bk. 16 The holder of unknown and unknowable sinecures, the pluralist of office, the sycophant who is pensioned, [etc.]. 1818 ‘T. Brown’ Brighton II. 181 This long pole is but a walking stick to the magical wand of old Hurlothrumbo, the pluralist, who can fill so many places. 1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. App. v. 354 Patriots rather than pluralists. 1891 Daily News 30 Dec. 5/1 The whole land will soon be too hot to hold the pluralists of matrimony. 1912 ‘Saki’ Unbearable Bassington v. 81 She possessed the happily constituted temperament which enables a man or woman to be a ‘pluralist’, and to observe the sage precaution of not putting all one's eggs into one basket. 1991 Past & Present Aug. 79 Far from making public welfare his first priority, he was a pluralist who acted as a company doctor for the railways. 2. Philosophy. An adherent or advocate of pluralism (pluralism n. 2). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > ontology > [noun] > pluralism > adherent of triarchist1678 pluralist1873 1873 N. Amer. Rev. July 49 Kant never said that the Ding an sich had any objective reality, and he never said that it had none. He was certainly no Idealist in Berkeley's sense. Nor was he a Monist or a Pluralist. 1897 Mind 549 He [sc. William James] must necessarily be a pluralist, on the ground that ‘There is no possible point of view from which the world can appear as an absolutely single fact.’ 1919 Mind 28 58 The pluralist..recognizes that the fundamental fact from which the start must be made, is not a dualism of matter and mind, but the unity of the individual experience, which comprises a duality of subject and object. 1966 F. C. Copleston Hist. Philos. VIII. x. 250 The idea of God has the benefit of increasing the pluralist's confidence in the significance of finite existence. 1994 Aquinas Rev. 1 5 Some, called pluralists, posited a multitude of beings, each of which is, in a sense, one and motionless. 3. A person who advocates increased devolution and autonomy for organizations and individuals in preference to monolithic state power. Also: a person who advocates the independent coexistence of different cultural or ethnic groups and ways of life (sometimes opposed to assimilationist); a person who tolerates or accepts a diversity of opinions, values, etc. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [noun] > doctrines or theories > advocate of universalist1850 mutualist1892 pluralist1916 possibilist1925 society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > pluralism > adherent of pluralist1916 1916 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 13 86 Suppose that on the one hand we adopt the monist solution [to resolving the interests of the Many and the individual], what difference will that make to our political life? If we are pluralists, how will that affect our activities? 1920 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 14 407 The all important fact, so consistently overlooked by the pluralist, that the truly federal state is a unitary state. 1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 563/2 Pluralists define public opinion in terms of controversy. 1981 J. Simmie Power, Property, & Corporatism iii. 121 Liberal pluralists have argued that the state can play one interest group against another in order to leave itself in a position to make the final decision. 2005 Washington Post (Nexis) 21 Feb. a1 Van Orden is a self-declared religious pluralist who was raised Methodist in East Texas and joined the Unitarian church in Austin in the 1990s. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1586
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