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单词 point group
释义

point groupn.

Brit. /ˈpɔɪnt ˌɡruːp/, U.S. /ˈpɔɪnt ˌɡrup/
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: point n.1, group n.
Etymology: < point n.1 + group n. In sense 1 after German Punktgruppe (A. Brill & M. Noether 1873, in Nachrichten von der K. Ges. der Wiss. zu Göttingen 117).
Mathematics.
1. A set of points.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun] > sets or groups of points
umbilic point1586
involution1847
triad1850
range1859
point group1887
tetrad1889
tristigm1889
neighbourhood1891
trinode1891
trigraphy1895
Cantor set1902
web1909
limit cycle1918
Leech lattice1968
1887 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 9 186 The four points of the corresponding latter point-group must also lie two and two on each line, so that the theorem holds where the conics degenerate.
1895 Proc. London Math. Soc. 26 495 The following paper deals with the properties of point-groups in relation to algebraic curves drawn through them.
1949 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 65 138 This condition of quasi-equivalence between the point groups..can also be expressed as an algebraic condition between the coordinates..of the two corresponding points.
1983 Amer. Math. Monthly 90 141 The point groups of interest for the discussion of plane curves are those which are contained in the intersection of the curve with a second curve.
2. A group of symmetry operations that leave unmoved at least one point within the object to which they apply; spec. any of thirty-two sets of symmetry operations which are used in crystallography and chemistry to classify crystal types and molecular structures.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > in abstract algebra > groups
syntheme1844
group1854
substitution group1861
quaternion group1881
subgroup1881
Abelian group1892
permutation group1893
quotient group1893
factor group1895
order1897
symmetric group1897
point group1903
Sylow subgroup1905
module1927
Lie group1939
symmetry group1956
Weyl group1961
stabilizer1965
1896 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 18 172 We mark on the faces of the regular bodies a general point group. This means we choose arbitrarily, say in the vicinity of one of the vertices a point, and let the regular body undergo all the N rotations of the corresponding group.]
1903 H. Hilton Math. Crystallogr. iv. 48 Finite groups whose operations all leave one point unmoved are called point-groups.
1924 R. W. G. Wyckoff Struct. Crystals i. 21 The point groups, or classes of crystal symmetry, thus formed may be uniquely defined either by stating their symmetry properties or, more analytically, by giving the coördinates of the equivalent points which arise from any arbitrarily chosen point by the operation of each of their elements of symmetry.
1950 W. J. Moore Physical Chem. xiii. 364 The possible combinations of these symmetry elements that can occur in crystals have been shown to number exactly 32. These define the 32 crystallographic point groups, which determine the 32 crystal classes.
1986 P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. (ed. 3) xvii. 409 As soon as the point group of a molecule has been identified, it is possible to make some statements about its properties. For instance, only molecules belonging to the groups Cn, Cnv, and Cs may have an electric dipole monent.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1887
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