poindn.

Brit.

/pɪnd/,

/pɔɪnd/, U.S.

/pɪnd/,

/pɔɪnd/, Scottish English

/pɪnd/

Forms:

α. pre-1700 puynd, pre-1700 pwind.

β. pre-1700 poyn, pre-1700 poynde, pre-1700 1700s poynd, pre-1700 1700s– poind.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: poind v.

Etymology: < poind v. (see discussion at that entry). Compare also earlier pound n.²

Scottish. Now chiefly historical.

1. Law. An act of distraint; a seizure of property in lieu of money owed. Also: a beast or other possession seized in distraint.† dead poind n. Obsolete an inanimate possession (as opposed to livestock) seized in distraint.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > attachment of person or property for debt > seizure of goods > a beast or article seized for debt

poindc1430

distress1411

stress1418

dead poind1676

c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 84*/2 Gif ony be puyndit in Ingland or Scotland for his awin dett, sone ane of Scotland or sone ane of Ingland his poynd sall borow.

1471 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 21/2 For the wrangwis taking of the poynd distrenȝeit be the said Sir Johne.

1531 in W. C. Dickinson Court Bk. Barony of Carnwath (1937) 138 Quhar he was drifand the said poynd.

1563–4 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 259 The poindis takin thairfoir to be restorit to the said George.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem i. 71 Gif ane takes ane poynde for debt, within ane other mans land, without licence of him, or of his Baillie.

1676 in Fountainhall's Decisions in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) III. 61 Poinded goods,..if they be a dead poind, that puts the creditor poinder to no..expence in keeping it.

1751 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1968) VII. (at cited word) Illegal and unwarrantable Practices of seizing and exacting Poind Money for all Horses and other Bestial that may pass through these Roads.

1813 N. Carlisle Topogr. Dict. Scotl. II. sig. 3B^v Sometimes Poinds are driven, and executed at the Cross of Priestwick.

1868 J. Salmon Gowodean 63 Glad to catch him with your poind and horn.

1994 Eng. Hist. Rev. 109 11 The indenture of 1386..set out regulations governing the taking of poinds.

2. northern. = pinfold n. 1. rare.† poind-house n. a building housing a pinfold (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > fold or pen > pound

pinfolda1170

penfold1382

pounda1425

pound open1530

pound close1567

poind1643

green yard1690

flat-house1698

1643 in A. Peterkin Rentals Earldom & Bishoprick of Orkney (1820) App. 56 Becaus he [sc. the kirk officer] was taking out two of his [sc. Robert Tullo's] horses..out of the kirk-yard to put them in poynd.

1712 in W. Cramond Court Bks. Regality of Grant (1897) 21 Gregor Grant unlawed in £10 for breaking of ane poynd house and taking out of his horses, housed be James Grant for eating his cornes.

1902 in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. III. i.25 A man from every house shall attend at each poind on the public poinding days.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

poindv.

Brit.

/pɪnd/,

/pɔɪnd/, U.S.

/pɪnd/,

/pɔɪnd/, Scottish English

/pɪnd/

Forms:

α. pre-1700 powynd, pre-1700 puuynd, pre-1700 puynd, pre-1700 pvynd, pre-1700 pwind, pre-1700 pwynd, pre-1700 1700s puind; Sc. National Dict. at Poind v. also records a form puin.

β. pre-1700 poyind, pre-1700 poyn, pre-1700 poynde, pre-1700 poyne, pre-1700 1700s (1800s Orkney) poynd, pre-1700 1700s– poind, 1800s poin'd (past tense).

γ. north-eastern 1600s peynd, 1800s peen, 1800s pein.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: pind v.

Etymology: Variant of pind v. The α and β forms show reverse spellings (compare e.g. woynd , Older Scots variant of wind n.¹) reflecting the 15th-cent. Older Scots merger in nasal and labial environments of short ŭ with short ĭ . Included among the words with ŭ there were several with ŭ by earlier shortening of original long ō which already had doublets with the spellings ui or (chiefly in minim environments) oi (the usual graphs for the reflex of original long ō ), hence giving rise to the reverse spellings (see further A. J. Aitken and C. Macafee Older Sc. Vowels (2002) §16.1). The pronunciation /pɔɪnd/ arose as a spelling pronunciation. Compare earlier pound v.² and discussion at that entry. The γ. forms are difficult to explain, but may represent a hyperdialectism arising from an awareness among north-eastern speakers of the correspondence between north-eastern /i/ and /ɪ/ in other dialects (as the respective reflexes of original long ō), perhaps aided by the spelling and by the frequency of existing doublets in /ɪ/ ~ /i/ from other sources (compare A. J. Aitken & C. Macafee Older Sc. Vowels (2002) §4.2.1).Forms without final -d are perhaps inferred from forms of the past tense and past participle which show assimilation (compare pind v.).

Scottish.

1. Law.

a. transitive. To distrain upon (a person); to seize and sell (assets) in lieu of payment of a debt; = pind v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > seize for debt > seize debtor's goods

pound1398

poindc1430

stress?c1430

pind1437

distressc1450

strain1455

strain1503

distrain1530

fence1570

excuss1726

naam1895

α.

c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 84*/2 Gif ony be puyndit in Ingland or Scotland for his awin dett, sone ane of Scotland or sone ane of Ingland his poynd sall borow.

1486 in W. Fraser Stirlings of Keir (1858) 256 To be puyndit thair foir, led and away hede.

1531 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 54 To pas to pwynd the Shereff off Renfrew and utheris for restis of the chakkar.

1556 in Carte Monalium de Northberwic (1847) 73 Quhow for the gaddering of ane taxt the said Robert gaiff iniurius vordis and vald nocht suffer to be puyndit.

1670 in H. Paton Kingarth Parish Rec. (1932) 58 Gabriel Waker to puind John Glasse and Finlay McFie for ther disobedience in 20 s. Scots the peic.

β. 1505 in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) VIII. 9 The sovme of ten pundis quhilkis he allegis that John Lorde Drummonde poindit his gudis for.1516 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1903) V. 85 To Dauid Lowry..to poynd xxxiij lordis and lardis absent fra the assis.1564–5 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 317 Lettres to be direct to poind..the said complenaris and thair gudis for the soum of thre hundreth pund stirling.1632 Cullen Burgh Court 21 Dec. And to poynd Alexander Blak [etc.]..for not presenting of thair stoupis to be mett.1698 Min. Baron Court of Stitchell (1905) 132 He was poynding the defender at the instance of James Hoggart.1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. ii. 13 His Honour manna want, he poinds your Gear.1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xiii, in Poems 14 He'll apprehend them, poind their gear.a1803 Lament Border-Widow iii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1886) II. iv. 429/2 He slew my knight, and poind his gear.1886 Act 49 Vict. c. 23 §3 (2) The right to poind the ground hereinafter provided.1946 A. D. Gibb Students' Gloss. Sc. Legal Terms 65 To poind the ground, to take the goods on land in virtue of a real burden possessed over the land.1993 D. Macmillan in J. M. Fladmark Heritage: Conservation, Interpr. & Enterprise xxiii. 293 His neighbours rally round him in the name of humanity, but are powerless as the bailiff and his men poind his goods in the name of the law.γ. 1683 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 331 And iff neid beis..to peynd and disrenȝie ther goods and geir.1887 J. Thomson Recoll. Speyside Parish 27 Nae taxgaitherer crossed their [sc. Adam and Eve's] door threshold ava', Their goods werena 'peined' by the limbs o' the law.

†b. intransitive. To carry out an act of distraint. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (intransitive)] > seize goods for debt

distrainc1350

pound1439

poind1495

α.

1495 in W. Fraser Bk. Carlaverock (1873) II. 450 And for thaim for to puuynd and distrenȝe in forme of law geve nede be.

1532 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 146 Tha ordanit Henry Irvein, bailȝe,..gif neid beis, to cause puind for the same.

a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. F2 Ye may puind for debt, but not for unkindnesse.

1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 349 We can puind for Debt, but not for Kindness.

β. 1512 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 333 Johne Adamsone, messingeir, to pas with lettrez to poynd for byrun maillez of recognist landis.1545 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 21 Quhair his officiaris ar deforcit in poynding for the said taxt.c1650 in A. J. Warden Dundee Burgh Laws (1872) 34 It is statut..the officers poynd of any debt decrettit Incontinent efter the decreeting.1699 Cramond Kirk Session IV. 13 Nov. Not to suffer the land lords..to poynd or arreist in the thesaurer's hand for the mailles of the poores dwelling houses.

2. transitive. To impound (stray cattle, contraband goods, etc.); = pind v. 1b. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > take into judicial power

attach?a1400

poind1478

impound1651

1478 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 79/2 For ij hors takin and puyndit be the saide Robertis seruituris.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. x. xii. f. 144/1 All othir beistis that eittis mennis corne or gres salbe poyndit quhil the awnar thairof redres the skaithis.

1584 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 51 Witht powar to poynd and hald the saidis guidis quhill the saidis unlawis be satisfeit.

c1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 9 What shall poore sillie sheep doe that are poyndit in a fold where there is no meat?

1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 259 The Customers Officers were about to poynd some unfree goods.

1708 in Trans. Dumfries & Galloway Nat. Hist. & Antiquarian Soc. (1890) 262 A continual bone of contention between him and the Town, they daily poinding one another's Cattle.

1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIV. 132 Hunger and cold force home the half starved cattle from the hills..and it is equally impracticable to poind these invaders, as to prevent their incursions.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. vii. 110 Their asses were poinded by the ground-officer when left in the plantations.

1902 Banffshire Jnl. 28 Jan. A poyndfold is a fold in which cattle were confined, as being poinded or distrained.

1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 238 Poind,..to impound..Poinding-yaird, an enclosure for stray beasts.

†3. intransitive. To rob, plunder. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > commit depredation [verb (intransitive)]

reaveOE

preyc1325

pillc1390

spoilc1400

spreathc1425

rive1489

poinda1500

to rug and reavea1500

to pill and poll1528

pilfer1548

fleece1575

plunder1642

spulyie1835

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 6950 Þe qwheþir oft ryot walde þai ma To preik and poynde [a1530 Royal poynd], bath to and fra.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	poind
释义	poindn. Brit. /pɪnd/, /pɔɪnd/, U.S. /pɪnd/, /pɔɪnd/, Scottish English /pɪnd/ Forms: α. pre-1700 puynd, pre-1700 pwind. β. pre-1700 poyn, pre-1700 poynde, pre-1700 1700s poynd, pre-1700 1700s– poind. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: poind v. Etymology: < poind v. (see discussion at that entry). Compare also earlier pound n.² Scottish. Now chiefly historical. 1. Law. An act of distraint; a seizure of property in lieu of money owed. Also: a beast or other possession seized in distraint.† dead poind n. Obsolete an inanimate possession (as opposed to livestock) seized in distraint. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > attachment of person or property for debt > seizure of goods > a beast or article seized for debt poindc1430 society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > attachment of person or property for debt > seizure of goods > an article seized for debt distress1411 stress1418 dead poind1676 c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 84/2 Gif ony be puyndit in Ingland or Scotland for his awin dett, sone ane of Scotland or sone ane of Ingland his poynd sall borow. 1471 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors* (1839) 21/2 For the wrangwis taking of the poynd distrenȝeit be the said Sir Johne. 1531 in W. C. Dickinson Court Bk. Barony of Carnwath (1937) 138 Quhar he was drifand the said poynd. 1563–4 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 259 The poindis takin thairfoir to be restorit to the said George. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem i. 71 Gif ane takes ane poynde for debt, within ane other mans land, without licence of him, or of his Baillie. 1676 in Fountainhall's Decisions in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) III. 61 Poinded goods,..if they be a dead poind, that puts the creditor poinder to no..expence in keeping it. 1751 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1968) VII. (at cited word) Illegal and unwarrantable Practices of seizing and exacting Poind Money for all Horses and other Bestial that may pass through these Roads. 1813 N. Carlisle Topogr. Dict. Scotl. II. sig. 3B^v Sometimes Poinds are driven, and executed at the Cross of Priestwick. 1868 J. Salmon Gowodean 63 Glad to catch him with your poind and horn. 1994 Eng. Hist. Rev. 109 11 The indenture of 1386..set out regulations governing the taking of poinds. 2. northern. = pinfold n. 1. rare.† poind-house n. a building housing a pinfold (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > fold or pen > pound pinfolda1170 penfold1382 pounda1425 pound open1530 pound close1567 poind1643 green yard1690 flat-house1698 1643 in A. Peterkin Rentals Earldom & Bishoprick of Orkney (1820) App. 56 Becaus he [sc. the kirk officer] was taking out two of his [sc. Robert Tullo's] horses..out of the kirk-yard to put them in poynd. 1712 in W. Cramond Court Bks. Regality of Grant (1897) 21 Gregor Grant unlawed in £10 for breaking of ane poynd house and taking out of his horses, housed be James Grant for eating his cornes. 1902 in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. III. i.25 A man from every house shall attend at each poind on the public poinding days. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). poindv. Brit. /pɪnd/, /pɔɪnd/, U.S. /pɪnd/, /pɔɪnd/, Scottish English /pɪnd/ Forms: α. pre-1700 powynd, pre-1700 puuynd, pre-1700 puynd, pre-1700 pvynd, pre-1700 pwind, pre-1700 pwynd, pre-1700 1700s puind; Sc. National Dict. at Poind v. also records a form puin. β. pre-1700 poyind, pre-1700 poyn, pre-1700 poynde, pre-1700 poyne, pre-1700 1700s (1800s Orkney) poynd, pre-1700 1700s– poind, 1800s poin'd (past tense). γ. north-eastern 1600s peynd, 1800s peen, 1800s pein. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: pind v. Etymology: Variant of pind v. The α and β forms show reverse spellings (compare e.g. woynd , Older Scots variant of wind n.¹) reflecting the 15th-cent. Older Scots merger in nasal and labial environments of short ŭ with short ĭ . Included among the words with ŭ there were several with ŭ by earlier shortening of original long ō which already had doublets with the spellings ui or (chiefly in minim environments) oi (the usual graphs for the reflex of original long ō ), hence giving rise to the reverse spellings (see further A. J. Aitken and C. Macafee Older Sc. Vowels (2002) §16.1). The pronunciation /pɔɪnd/ arose as a spelling pronunciation. Compare earlier pound v.² and discussion at that entry. The γ. forms are difficult to explain, but may represent a hyperdialectism arising from an awareness among north-eastern speakers of the correspondence between north-eastern /i/ and /ɪ/ in other dialects (as the respective reflexes of original long ō), perhaps aided by the spelling and by the frequency of existing doublets in /ɪ/ ~ /i/ from other sources (compare A. J. Aitken & C. Macafee Older Sc. Vowels (2002) §4.2.1).Forms without final -d are perhaps inferred from forms of the past tense and past participle which show assimilation (compare pind v.). Scottish. 1. Law. a. transitive. To distrain upon (a person); to seize and sell (assets) in lieu of payment of a debt; = pind v. 2. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > seize for debt > seize debtor's goods pound1398 poindc1430 stress?c1430 pind1437 distressc1450 strain1455 strain1503 distrain1530 fence1570 excuss1726 naam1895 α. c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 84/2 Gif ony be puyndit in Ingland or Scotland for his awin dett, sone ane of Scotland or sone ane of Ingland his poynd sall borow. 1486 in W. Fraser Stirlings of Keir* (1858) 256 To be puyndit thair foir, led and away hede. 1531 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 54 To pas to pwynd the Shereff off Renfrew and utheris for restis of the chakkar. 1556 in Carte Monalium de Northberwic (1847) 73 Quhow for the gaddering of ane taxt the said Robert gaiff iniurius vordis and vald nocht suffer to be puyndit. 1670 in H. Paton Kingarth Parish Rec. (1932) 58 Gabriel Waker to puind John Glasse and Finlay McFie for ther disobedience in 20 s. Scots the peic. β. 1505 in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) VIII. 9 The sovme of ten pundis quhilkis he allegis that John Lorde Drummonde poindit his gudis for.1516 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1903) V. 85 To Dauid Lowry..to poynd xxxiij lordis and lardis absent fra the assis.1564–5 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 317 Lettres to be direct to poind..the said complenaris and thair gudis for the soum of thre hundreth pund stirling.1632 Cullen Burgh Court 21 Dec. And to poynd Alexander Blak [etc.]..for not presenting of thair stoupis to be mett.1698 Min. Baron Court of Stitchell (1905) 132 He was poynding the defender at the instance of James Hoggart.1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. ii. 13 His Honour manna want, he poinds your Gear.1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xiii, in Poems 14 He'll apprehend them, poind their gear.a1803 Lament Border-Widow iii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1886) II. iv. 429/2 He slew my knight, and poind his gear.1886 Act 49 Vict. c. 23 §3 (2) The right to poind the ground hereinafter provided.1946 A. D. Gibb Students' Gloss. Sc. Legal Terms 65 To poind the ground, to take the goods on land in virtue of a real burden possessed over the land.1993 D. Macmillan in J. M. Fladmark Heritage: Conservation, Interpr. & Enterprise xxiii. 293 His neighbours rally round him in the name of humanity, but are powerless as the bailiff and his men poind his goods in the name of the law.γ. 1683 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 331 And iff neid beis..to peynd and disrenȝie ther goods and geir.1887 J. Thomson Recoll. Speyside Parish 27 Nae taxgaitherer crossed their [sc. Adam and Eve's] door threshold ava', Their goods werena 'peined' by the limbs o' the law. †b. intransitive. To carry out an act of distraint. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (intransitive)] > seize goods for debt distrainc1350 pound1439 poind1495 α. 1495 in W. Fraser Bk. Carlaverock (1873) II. 450 And for thaim for to puuynd and distrenȝe in forme of law geve nede be. 1532 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 146 Tha ordanit Henry Irvein, bailȝe,..gif neid beis, to cause puind for the same. a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. F2 Ye may puind for debt, but not for unkindnesse. 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 349 We can puind for Debt, but not for Kindness. β. 1512 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 333 Johne Adamsone, messingeir, to pas with lettrez to poynd for byrun maillez of recognist landis.1545 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 21 Quhair his officiaris ar deforcit in poynding for the said taxt.c1650 in A. J. Warden Dundee Burgh Laws (1872) 34 It is statut..the officers poynd of any debt decrettit Incontinent efter the decreeting.1699 Cramond Kirk Session IV. 13 Nov. Not to suffer the land lords..to poynd or arreist in the thesaurer's hand for the mailles of the poores dwelling houses. 2. transitive. To impound (stray cattle, contraband goods, etc.); = pind v. 1b. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > take into judicial power attach?a1400 poind1478 impound1651 1478 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 79/2 For ij hors takin and puyndit be the saide Robertis seruituris. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. x. xii. f. 144/1 All othir beistis that eittis mennis corne or gres salbe poyndit quhil the awnar thairof redres the skaithis. 1584 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 51 Witht powar to poynd and hald the saidis guidis quhill the saidis unlawis be satisfeit. c1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 9 What shall poore sillie sheep doe that are poyndit in a fold where there is no meat? 1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 259 The Customers Officers were about to poynd some unfree goods. 1708 in Trans. Dumfries & Galloway Nat. Hist. & Antiquarian Soc. (1890) 262 A continual bone of contention between him and the Town, they daily poinding one another's Cattle. 1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIV. 132 Hunger and cold force home the half starved cattle from the hills..and it is equally impracticable to poind these invaders, as to prevent their incursions. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. vii. 110 Their asses were poinded by the ground-officer when left in the plantations. 1902 Banffshire Jnl. 28 Jan. A poyndfold is a fold in which cattle were confined, as being poinded or distrained. 1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 238 Poind,..to impound..Poinding-yaird, an enclosure for stray beasts. †3. intransitive. To rob, plunder. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > commit depredation [verb (intransitive)] reaveOE preyc1325 pillc1390 spoilc1400 spreathc1425 rive1489 poinda1500 to rug and reavea1500 to pill and poll1528 pilfer1548 fleece1575 plunder1642 spulyie1835 a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 6950 Þe qwheþir oft ryot walde þai ma To preik and poynde [a1530 Royal poynd], bath to and fra. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1430v.c1430
随便看	partial pivoting partial pressure partial product partial recursive partial sum passer-by passer-flamingo passer-through passerage passerby passerelle passeres passerflamingo passericidal passeriform passerine passerines passers passersby passerthrough passes passes as passes away passes by passes for