| 释义 |
polen.1 Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pālus. Etymology: < classical Latin pālus pale n.1 The Latin word was also borrowed (independently of the borrowing into English) in a number of other Germanic languages; compare Old Frisian pāl (West Frisian poal), Middle Dutch pael, (rare) pāle (Dutch paal), Old Saxon pāl (Middle Low German pāl, pōl, German regional (Low German) pahl), Old High German phāl (Middle High German phāl, German Pfahl), Old Icelandic páll, and (via Middle Low German) Norwegian påle, Old Swedish pal, paal, pale (Swedish påle).Compare pale n.1, some northern English and Older Scots instances of which could instead be taken as showing reflexes of the present word. The form poll is perhaps by association with poleaxe n. The β forms show various nonstandard regional developments of Middle English /ɔː/, e.g. to /uː/ (with subsequent diphthongization in the Great Vowel Shift), or to /ʊ/, or (in the case of Northern and Scots pow) probably shortening to /ɔ/ with subsequent vocalization of the final liquid. In some instances it is unclear whether spellings with medial -ow-, -ou- represent /əʊ/ or /aʊ/; the evidence provided by 16th–18th cent. English orthoepists, chiefly in lists of homophones, is similarly ambiguous (see further E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) passim: see index s.v. pole). For the sake of convenience, all such spellings have been entered in the β sequence. 1. society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > [noun] > in form of bar, pole, rod, etc. OE Ælfric (St. John's Oxf.) 318 Palus, pal. a1325 St. Blaise (Corpus Cambr.) 107 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill (1956) 50 (MED) Wiþ hokes and polles [c1300 Laud poles] þis wretche men hore godes faste soȝte..& vnneþe hi hom to londe broȝte. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 369 Ȝif a pole [Higd.(2) staffe or a thynge of a tree; L. palus] is i-piȝt þerynne, þat partie of þe pole [ Caxton shaft or pool, Harl. MS. that tre] þat is in þe erthe schal turne in to iren. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. 52 (MED) Poysoun on a pole þei put vp to his lippis. 1458 in W. H. Stevenson (1883) II. 365 (MED) For c allor polls, v s. iiij d. 1488 (c1478) Hary (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 33 He bar a sasteing in a boustous poille. 1548 f. clx The Capitayne..caused his head to be cut of, and pitched it on a highe poole. 1616 Sir C. Mountagu in (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 250 Lest a man be like a hop without a pole. 1638 T. Herbert (rev. ed.) iii. 325 Pepper..in the growth supported by poles or canes, about which it entwines and duplicates with many embraces. 1717 M. Prior ii. 12 If, after some distinguish'd leap, He drops his pole, and seems to slip. 1791 J. Boswell anno 1775 I. 478 A certain celebrated actor was just fit to stand at the door of an auction-room, with a long pole, and cry, ‘Pray, gentlemen, walk in.’ 1864 E. A. Parkes i. ix. 287 A conical tent, with a single pole. 1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright (1905) 286 On the earliest telegraph lines square poles..were employed. 1930 L. G. D. Acland i. 5 Platforms on poles or in cabbage trees from which the shepherds could see where the sheep were. 1959 I. Opie & P. Opie xii. 262 The children customarily carry round a large flower garland on a pole. 1991 Dec. 80/2 Plant against tall poles 10ft (3m) high and train against horizontal wires 1 ft..apart from 6ft..upwards. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > shaft(s) or pole 1391 in L. T. Smith (1894) 7 Cum emptione poles, girthes, sursengles et aliis necessariis. 1411 in J. Raine (1837) p. clvii (MED) Stabulum..Item, j sella pro valectis cum freno novo cum singulis pro predictis et polys. 1634 J. Shirley 5 They were mounted on carriages, the Spring trees, Pole and Axle-trees, the Charioters seate, and standers, wheeles, with the fellyes, spokes, and naves all wrought with Silver. 1683 A. Wood (1894) III. 79 The pole of a coach hit against his brest. 1761 J. Newton Diary 6 Oct. in (1992) 138 Took Mrs Rock in my Landau to Spring Garden..& the Poll broke. 1796 C. R. Hopson tr. C. P. Thunberg (ed. 3) II. 109 Black iron wood..is hard and strong; it is used for axle-trees and the poles of waggons. 1813 (ed. 2) I. 114 The pole of our carriage ran against the splendid chariot of the Marchioness of Arrangford. 1883 W. H. Cope 61 Neb, the pole of an ox-cart or ox-waggon. 1923 G. Sturt Gloss. 220 Pole, (i) the long beam which, in timber-carriage and farm-waggon, joined together the two under parts, viz. the fore-carriage and the hind-carriage. (ii) In later times a pole was used (as with omnibuses) instead of double shafts, for harnessing a pair of horses side by side. 1994 D. J. Smith ii. 10 Lydian chariots..used a separate pole for each of three horses abreast, from which side shafts may have developed. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > with sails set [phrase] > with no sails set society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast > upper part of mast ?c1450 Trivet's Life of Constance in F. J. Furnivall (1876) 229 (MED) In that shyp that ungoodly Morderes, the Sowdans Moder, put that mayd Constaunce withoute pooles [Fr. sigle] or Orys. 1669 S. Sturmy i. ii. 17 We may have..to spoon before the Sea with our Powles. 1697 W. Dampier xv. 415 We scudded..before the wind very swift, tho only with our bare Poles. 1799 20 July 2/4 The brig is painted black, with..no pole to her fore top gallant-mast. 1816 ‘Quiz’ ii. 22 The vessel rolls, At ocean's mercy under poles. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher at Storms That is a storm which reduces a ship to her storm stay-sails, or to her bare poles. 1904 J. London xviii. 174 Wolf Larsen ran out of it and to the southward, first under a double-reefed jib, and finally under bare poles. 1990 T. Cunliffe vi. 50 Drop the headsail as well and ‘blow’ along under bare poles. society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop-front > sign or signboard > specific a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) 20398 (MED) Maystres off dyvers crafftys Hang out, on polys and on rafftys, Dyuers sygnys hih and lowe.] 1533 J. Frith sig. Bij The Alepoles are not the ale itselfe whiche they do signifye or represent. 1566 in S. Young (1890) 181 No Barber shall..put out any bason or basons..upon his poule on Sundays or Holy days. 1654 in E. Gayton sig. *2v And 'stead of Speare, his hand he flatters With ravisht Pole from Barbers Platters. 1754 (ed. 2) I. ix. 79 That particoloured staff of an enormous length, which is now called a Pole, and appropriated only to barbers. 1797 Ld. Thurlow in W. Hone (1826) I. 1269 By a statute still in force, the barbers and surgeons were each to use a pole. 1842 21 July 4/3 A barber who carries on business in the house has his pole hung out at the door. 1887 T. Hardy I. i. 8 A master-barber that's left off his pole because 'tis not genteel. 1938 18 June Two stores beyond the corner the red and white pole of the barber shop revolved invitingly. 2003 (Nexis) 16 Nov. 51 Why is there a red and white pole outside barber shops? the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > rod > [noun] the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > rod > [noun] > types of rod 1577 sig. Div Either your pole or cane, be pulled in with some good fishe. 1645 E. Reynolds i. ii. 64 Like..fishes avoiding the pole wherewith the water is troubled, by swimming into the net. 1688 R. Holme iii. 103/1 A Snapper, or Snap Rod, is a strong Pole, peculiar for a Pike. 1740 R. Brookes 86 When you have put the Plummet on your Line you must fasten it to a strong, stiff, taper Pole of about three Yards long. 1782 T. B. Hazard (1930) 32/1 Robert gave me a pole for Greans to ketch Fish. 1830 (1832) III. 84 They [sc. pickerel] are taken three ways: 1st. A pole of from 12 to 20 feet, with a line about the same length is provided with a hook [etc.]. 1897 F. Mather 30 You h'ist 'em out too quick with a pole, throw that away..and when you get a fish haul him in hand under hand. 1917 S. Leacock in Sept. 21/3 He carries a pole that he cut in the bush himself, with a ten cent line wrapped round the end of it. 1962 K. Kesey iii. 235 I sat down and held the pole and watched the line swoop out into the wake. 1982 D. Carr 9 Twenty years ago, around 2% of match anglers would have carried poles; now 99% have them. 2001 Aug. 48/2 The overnight fishing expedition he and his brother Walter took, rigging up homemade cane poles. the world > life > the body > sex organs > male sex organs > [noun] > penis > erect c1600 in E. J. Burford (1982) 49 It is a stiffe shorte flesshly pole. 1776 (new ed.) 111 When first he began to thrust his pole in, He made all my members to quiver. 1865 ‘Philocomus’ iv. 27 He oil'd his long and rampant pole, And tried to thrust it in the hole. 1926 in A. W. Read (1935) 69 I'll stick my pole in your dirty old hole Now work your ass to save your soul. 1980 E. Jong ii. i. 165 ‘Won't ye have a Nestlecock?’ cries the second Tart, ‘a Climber fer yer Pole.’ 1994 P. Baker vi. 72 Bertha wrestled away my clothes and pushed me on my back, intent on riding my pole until it submitted to a lifeless state. the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harvesting equipment > [noun] > reaping tools > scythe > parts of 1828 W. Carr (ed. 2) Pow, a pole, a scythe pow, the long handle of a scythe. 1887 23 June 13/3 The peasant who is foremost carries a scythe of portentous length of pole, with nothing or next to nothing in the way of a blade. a1903 S. Bradbury in (1903) IV. 571/2 [S. Lancs.] Scythe pow, stang pow. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > specific athletic sports other than running > jumping > pole vault > pole-vaulter > pole 1868 H. F. Wilkinson viii. 88 The leaping pole should be made of fir or ash. 1891 W. M'Combie Smith viii. 88 From the moment he takes hold of the pole as he commences his run till he lets it go as he crosses the bar the pole-vaulter never shifts his hands. 1955 (Achilles Club) 228 The new tapered metal poles are as springy as the heavier bamboo ones. 2001 15 Nov. a28/1 Like many contemporaries, he wanted fiberglass poles banned. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > skiing > [noun] > other equipment 1920 14 Feb. 115 I need not describe these poles to you, as any dealer will know what you mean by ski-poles. 1963 S. Plath viii. 101 I'd have been knocked over and stuck full of skis and poles the minute I let go. 2002 29 Dec. m7/5 Barry went off to the resort's shop to rent skis and poles. 2. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > rod, pole, or perch a1500 Tracts Eng. Weights & Meas. 14 in (1929) XV (MED) Odyr dyuers places in this land, thai mete grownd by the Polys, Goodys, and Roddys; and sum of thame be of xviij fote, sum of xx fote, and sum of xxi fote. 1579 J. Stubbs sig. Fiij Thold English liberall measure of syxtene foote and a halfe to the pole. 1603 G. Owen (1892) 133 In some place the pole is but ix foote, and in some place xij foote. 1706 (new ed.) Pole, a long Stick: In measuring, it is the same with Pearch or Rod, or as some call it Lugg: By Stat. 35 Eliz. this Measure is a length of 16 Foot and a half, but in some Countries it consists of 18 Foot and is called Woodland-Measure. 1725 R. Bradley at Mile Every Furlong forty Lugs or Poles..every Pole sixteen Foot and a Half. 1811 T. Davis (new ed.) 268 A rod, pole, [or] perch..is of three lengths in this county: 15, 18, and 16½ feet. a1827 R. Patterson in H. Howe (1847) 373 After going about 100 poles, we were obliged to stop and rest. 1867 O. W. Holmes xviii. 202 My father used to carry a chain for a surveyor sometimes, and there is a ten-foot pole in the house he used to measure land with. 1989 D. H. Fischer 658 It was taken from an old unit of measure variously called a rod, lug, pole, or perch, normally five and a half yards long. 1991 M. Scott (BNC) 99 To my mind the yard, foot and inch are as antiquated as the rod, pole and perch. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > square rod, pole, or perch 1637 in (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1886) IV. 77 To be rated by acree and powle. 1660 R. Sharrock 19 A rod or pole of ground, which is the square of sixteen feet and a half. 1754 in H. H. Metcalf & O. G. Hammond (1915) III. 493 We have set off to ye widow Thirty Six acres & fifty four Poles as her full third part in ye Lands of sd Deceasd. 1802 5 July 3/4 (advt.) A valuable freehold inclosure..within the Manor of Bretts, wherein it is described as containing 4 acres and 6 poles. 1856 26 Aug. 12/4 (advt.) Also a Freehold Property called Glyn Llan Mountain..containing 83 acres, 3 roods, and 24 poles of excellent sheep pasture. 1963 2 Sept. Croft extends to 2 acres 35 poles arable, 32 poles outrun, together with share in the common grazing. 2003 (Nexis) 20 Aug. 2 a Colin B. Hester to Eric W. Stewart, 1 acre and 3 acres, 32 poles, $168,000. 3. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > racecourse > [noun] > posts or poles 1851 43 657/1 The distance round is calculated at a mile,..for a saddle horse that has the pole, it comes practically to a little less. 1868 H. Woodruff & C. J. Foster xxiv. 206 I had the pole with Kemble Jackson, and soon took the lead. 1902 A. D. McFaul xxii. 198 Drawing the pole was a position in favor of the colt. 1969 24 May 34/4 Won Mobile 12½f event here four starts back. Place claims from the ‘pole’. 2000 (Nexis) 19 July 77 The barrier draw..saw New South Wales Sires Stakes winner Pelicanrama draw the pole. 1976 11 June 42/7 Colin Hawker's Cosworth Grand Prix-engined VW was on pole. 1988 Sept. 146/2 Senna..seemed hellbent on making the pole every race this year. 1999 Nov. 132/3 They lined up on the front row, Schumacher on pole. the world > animals > animal body > general parts > rump and tail > [noun] > tail 1864 J. C. Atkinson 202 His hand missed the otter's hind-quarters, but closed upon its pole (or tail). 1900 15 Dec. 15/2 Pole, the tail of a pheasant. 1904 2 July 5/5 Captain T. presented the pole to Miss L., the pads to the Misses C.,..and the mask most deservedly to..the huntsman. 1990 H. Williams 7 He reached up to them with an otter's tale called a ‘pole’ and found he could touch his toes. 5. the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > characterized by age or life cycle > [noun] > young tree or sapling 1882 E. E. Fernandez & A. Smythies tr. G. Bagneris I. 4 When the diameter of the stem at the foot of a young tree varies from four to eight inches, the forest is said to be in the low pole stage. 1888 T. Bright i. 1 A pole plantation is an assemblage of young trees, the produce of plants that have been inserted in the soil at regular distances, or of the stems formed from such plants after their having been cut for poles. 1905 C. E. Curtis xii. 75 In the stage known as pole stage, actual measurement may not be required, the value being arrived at by number of poles. 1955 43 18 Under the evergreen conifers..the ground flora is usually completely destroyed at the thickest and early pole stages. 1993 66 184 Pole pruning samples were collected from the crowns of trees at heights of between 6 and 9 m. 1887 (Royal Gardens, Kew) Mar. 7 Any appearance of the ‘pole’, or flowering spike, is watched, and when 3 or 4 feet high it is cut out. 1947 L. Weindling vi. 76 The sisal plant, like the American century plant, blooms only once in its lifetime; it dies after inflorescence. Before dying, it throws up a ‘pole’ or flowering stem, twenty to thirty feet high. 1979 M. L. Vickery & B. Vickery xiv. 75/1 Agaves only flower at the end of their lives, so that when the sisal flower stem (pole) is produced all the leaves are cut. Phrases colloquial. P1. up the (also a) pole. 1890 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland II. 137/2 Pole, up the (military), thought well of by your superiors. Also applied to strict, strait-laced people, who are or like to be considered ‘goody-goody’. 1896 1 Apr. 7/6 She remonstrated with the latter, and told him he was ‘up a pole’—i.e. in the wrong. 1965 W. Dick vi. 92 Curly..generally thought Ronnie was all up the pole when giving advice to someone. 1974 G. Moffat x. 142 ‘Do you really suspect that Pilgrim—Pilgrim!—killed the girl?..’ ‘You're up the pole,’ Mrs Kent said to Page. the world > action or operation > adversity > in adversity [phrase] 1897 A. R. Marshall 73 He heard himself alluded to as being ‘up the pole’. 1899 29 Mar. 5/1 When there are nineteen Frenchmen to four Englishmen they were slightly up the pole. 1932 D. L. Sayers xxii. 295 I think we may take it for granted that our friend Weldon is a bit up the pole financially. 1970 R. Beilby vi. 244 We'd 'a' been up the pole without him, that's why we didn't send him on his way. the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk 1897 11 Dec. 10/4 Plaintiff:..but your little girl was frequently saying that you were ‘up the poll [sic]’... The Judge: Up the what?.. The High Bailiff explained that the term was a slang one for being intoxicated. 1917 W. Muir xiv. 230 The words for drunkenness are innumerable—‘jingled’, ‘oiled’, ‘tanked to the wide’, ‘well sprung’, ‘up the pole’, ‘blotto’, etc. the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [adjective] > insanity or madness > affected with 1904 19 Mar. 7/2 Plaintiff's definition of the phrase ‘up the pole’ differed from that of her cousin..who said it meant being drunk. Mrs. Frasier said that it..meant being crazy. 1916 E. V. Lucas 165 It must require an awful lot of pluck... Either pluck or so much panic that one was practically up the pole with it. 1992 I. Pattison 20 It's driving me up the pole. the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > pregnancy or gestation > [adjective] 1918 J. Joyce Ulysses i. [Telemachus] in Mar. 21 That red Carlisle girl? Lily... Is she up the pole?—Better ask Seymour that. 1961 ‘F. O'Brien’ v. 37 A lot of crooked Popes..putting duchesses and nuns up the pole, and having all Italy littered with their bastards. 1995 J. Murphy ii. 59 The only reason he gave you a job was because you stuck his sister up the pole! 2001 J. Murphy Kings of Kilburn High Road ii, in 58 Seventeen's all she is, seventeen and she's up the pole. the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > have nothing to do with 1838 19 June She was jest as good as mine, till you com a goin arter her, and now I can't touch her with a forty foot pole. 1843 5 Oct. Senator Lahm, and Representatives Kilgore and Martin,..would not touch it [sc. a piece of legislation] with a ten foot pole. They knew it would not work. 1864 R. Morris 31 Wouldn't touch it with a ten-foot pole. Bad line. 1903 ‘T. Collins’ 22 The young feller he used to come sometimes an' just shake hands with her, but otherways he wouldn't touch her with a forty-foot pole. 1958 E. O. Schlunke 26 Attracting a lot of business of the more or less shady sort that our reputable men wouldn't touch with a forty-foot pole. 1991 ‘W. Trevor’ My House in Umbria in (1992) x. 337 It was then that Mrs Chubbs conveniently turned up her toes, and after that the other lady wouldn't touch him with a pole. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. 1886 23 July 1/3 The primative [sic] hewed log cabin, the pole barn and the rail corn crib are observed on every hand. 1992 Feb. 67/1 (advt.) Farm pond, pole barn. Pleasant rural neighborhood with fishing and hunting at your door. society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > bridge of specific materials 1785 4 A public road shall be laid out..from McCord's ferry, to the fork of the road above the pole bridge. 1850 29 Jan. 240/1 Contingencies of travel over corduroy roads, pole bridges, mud turnpikes, etc. 2001 (Nexis) 22 Aug. f5 Heat waves danced and distorted the pole bridge that spanned the creek. 1882 Dec. 766/1 I passed a half broken-down pole-corral. 1992 C. McCarthy (1993) i. 49 A pole corral where five scrubby horses with big heads stood. 1692 in A. W. C. Hallen (1894) 147 For..a mainshekell, a houkit clout to the poull end. a1753 P. Drake (1755) II. xvii. 265 Just at the Turning the Corner of a Street, a Coach coming on smartly, the Pole End hit her so hard on the Flank, that threw her down, and killed her on the Spot. 1802 W. Dyott 27 Apr. (1907) I. 204 He drove as postillion the wheelers, and the pole-end mules he drove with reins. 1988 108 195/2 Adding the yoke-and-pole binding to the so-called pole-end support. the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hedge or fence > a fence > fence made of poles 1754 J. Hempstead 25 Apr. (1901) 628 In the aftern[oon] I was Setting up Pole fence next the highway over Long bridge. 1838 T. C. Haliburton 2nd Ser. viii. 125 Who should I see but Bobbin in his waggon ag'in the pole fence. 1959 W. R. Bird x. 278 We saw..many ancient pole fences crossing the fields. 2003 (Nexis) 30 Mar. t1 Continue climbing for a couple of miles and several hundred feet in elevation until you reach a bend where a pole fence has been erected. 1875 E. H. Knight III. 1761/2 Pole-futchel, the jaws between which the hinder end of a carriage-tongue is inserted. 1903 ‘T. Collins’ i. 7 Presently the tea leaves were thrown out of the billies; the tucker-boxes were packed on the pole-fetchels; and the teams got under way. 1769 W. Falconer Transl. French Terms Maté en caravelle, fitted with pole top-masts. 1853 L. Lyon 136 A very small metallic wire was led along the pole topmast. 2005 www.gartsideboats.com 10 Mar. (O.E.D. archive) The mast is hollow with a pole topmast to make handling the topsail simple. 1888 T. Bright i. 1 A pole plantation is an assemblage of young trees, the produce of plants that have been inserted in the soil at regular distances, or of the stems formed from such plants after their having been cut for poles. 1964 10 Nov. 12/7 We went down through the pole plantation (plenty of sycamore for the brish back and turnery works) to the bottom. b. (a) Objective. 1886 3 Feb. 1/4 (advt.) Wire walking and top spinning, pole balancing,..and other characteristic Japanese performances. 1990 Nov. 113/1 Yam had to face enduring tests and assault courses such as..pole balancing and climbing over telephone books. society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > persons and characters > [noun] > participant in specific festivity at Eton 1795 W. Felton II. ix. 179 (table) A curricle harness... Bar stands and pole bearers. 1900 G. C. Brodrick ii. 38 In the early summer of 1844 I took part as a ‘pole~bearer’ in the last Montem. 2003 (Nexis) 23 Feb. 10 I was neither asked nor offered to be a pole bearer. 1859 T. P. Shaffner 674 One of the two pole-setters fills in the earth, and the other rams it to a solid state. 1996 (Nexis) 23 July 8–9 Raymond R. ‘Ace’ Riojas, 64, a retired pole setter for TU Electric, died Saturday in Fort Worth. 1858 14 Sept. 7/5 For some hundreds of miles of the whole distance no pole-setting whatever would be required. 2002 (Nexis) 16 Nov. a1 Willy Pinkston, a lineman, warned the pole-setting crew that the crane should be moved. (b) Instrumental and similative. 1906 24 Apr. 2/1 He passes before the youth, pole-armed, who stands upon the bank. 1972 11 Apr. 11/2 The reigning Olympic heavyweight Champion, George Foreman, a 6-3 pole-armed puncher who has never lost a fight. 1887 10 Sept. 7/1 An elderly man..fights with a pole-shaped stick against a constable. 1992 80 640/1 If the stem is pole-shaped..the stem diameter must increase as the 3/2 power of its height. C2. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > halberd > [noun] 1897 (Christie, Manson & Woods) 101 A Three-Bladed Pole-Arm, stamped with a deep armourer's mark—15th century. 1934 G. C. Stone 411/1 A pole arm of the 16th century with a broad, straight, double-edged blade. 1992 Feb. 29/2 The primary advantage of polearms is that they afford a longer reach for their bearer, so you can gain initiative automatically in combat and strike your enemy before it can get close enough to strike you. 2010 J. P. Puype & H. Stevens 241/1 The Flemish foot folk armed with goedendags, a cross between a long and a short polearm, annihilated an army of French knights. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > bean > other types of bean-plant 1770 12 Mar. 4/3 (advt.) Broad Winsor, broad White Pole, dwarf yellow and dwarf speckled Beans, with a general Assortment of Garden Seeds. a1813 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur (1995) 47 I had once some Hops &..Pole Beans, about 20 feet high. 1865 5 758 Pole Beans—Amongst these the Limas deservedly rank the highest. 1994 Mar. 66 When the weather warms, I seek even cooler locations, such as the shaded side of staked tomatoes, Brussels sprouts or pole beans. society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > noticeboard > types of 1909 29 Dec. 6/4 Others, again, carrying pole-boards setting forth all deceased's honours and titles. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels propelled by oars or poles > [noun] > boat propelled by pole 1788 J. Fitch 19 His first setting pole boat ‘Bore the pelting of ignorance and ill-nature’. 1835 W. G. Simms II. ii. 12 At this point the river ceased to be navigable even for the common poleboats of the country. 1990 11 Nov. k5/1 William Kernan..took the long trip by pole boat up the Mohawk to Utica in the pre-Eerie canal days. 1997 (Electronic ed.) May 40/3 Jayhawk Ranch sets on the southern end of that island. Maybe you can take a pole-boat out to see us sometime. 2000 (Nexis) 4 May 7 c They also are considering a pole-boat trail. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [noun] > poling 1837 A. Sherwood (ed. 3) 193 The slow, tedious and expensive process of pole-boating will be exploded. 2000 (Nexis) 16 Sept. 8 b The plan..will allow pole-boating and camping along the canoe trail. the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > projecting bracket > on a pole or pillar 1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright 211 Pole-brackets..are of a tubular form..and made of malleable iron. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bull > [noun] > castrated or bullock > working 1844 29 July 2/7 He was kicked by one of the pole bullocks, and the wheel passed over his chest. 1930 L. G. D. Acland 1st Ser. vii. 150 In 1868 Strawberry, one of the pole~bullocks, died after working ten years and seven months on the station. 1988 (Nexis) 7 Feb. The display of intelligence and obedience from these beasts is outdone only by Ranger, one of the pole bullocks at the back of the team. 1868 22 Aug. 116/4 Another thing to guard against, which occurs after the tobacco is hung for curing, is sweating, or ‘pole burn’. 1905 G. M. Odlum 72 Pole burn in the tobacco barn is due to excessive humidity, and is very likely to be present during warm wet weather. 1967 M. R. Key 33 Pole-burn, spoils the leaf for almost anything. 1876 XV. 782/1 If hung too close, the tobacco will ‘pole burn’. the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > transmission of electricity, conduction > non-conduction, insulation > [noun] > substance or contrivance > parts of 1884 78/1 Insulators. Pole Cap. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > types of carriage > with pole 1863 21 Nov. 16/6 (advt.) Mr. Roberts..will sell by auction, on Thursday, Nov. 28, at 12, about 2,400 hop poles, pole carriage, horsehair cloth for drying cloths, bagging machine. 1954 22 May 12/3 Trailers, Loaders, Drags, Pole Carriages, &c. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > cart (usually two-wheeled) > having pole 1824 E. Curr 97 A pair or two of strong broad wheels and iron axles for a pole cart. 1942 8 Dec. 6/1 A strongly made pole cart, with lath sides, painted in bright colours. 1984 G. Riley (1998) iv. 131 Some were amused by the sight of native American villages moving from one campsite to another on pole carts pulled by dogs. the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > surveying instruments > chain the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > collar > part of 1671 J. Brown viii. 195 One hundred thousand Square Links of a 4 Pole Chain, make a Square Acre. 1715 W. Leybourn xii. 58 By the One Pole-Chain.] 1725 R. Bradley at Surveying The surveyor..furnish'd..with a well divided pole chain or off set rod. 1826 18 393 A pole-chain may be unhooked, or a hame strap get loose. 1853 R. S. Surtees xxxvi. 278 The rattle of Puff's pole-chains brought..the usual rush of shirt-sleeved helpers. 1888 F. T. Elworthy Pole-pieces,..the strong straps by which the horses' collars are attached to the front of the pole, to enable them to guide and to keep back the carriage. If of chain, they are pole-chains. 2004 (Nexis) 30 May A quadrant, a magnet, pole chains for surveying, a sextant and several thermometers. 1851 C. Cist xiii. 196 In this department are made carriage wrenches, staples, pole crabs, nuts [etc.]. 1937 2 Sept. 15/6 The..pole hook, pole crab, corner horns, and side arm braces. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with other materials > work with other materials [verb (transitive)] > processes in working with tobacco 1897 12 Sept. 5/2 In which condition they go through the pole curing process.] 1899 No. 62. 30 The present method of manipulating these tobaccos after they are pole-cured is quite different from what it was years ago. 1819 G. Hippisley xii. 312 The pole dance in general closes the diversion of the afternoon; a dance so called from the production of a pole about ten feet high, and about four or five inches in circumference. 1865 Oct. 450 The sports of this day were confined to the vicinity of Ryde pier, and consisted of boat racing, duck hunts, pole dances on the water, and other amusements, which were viewed with great delight by the fair sex. 1912 19 May m2 Those taking part in the pole dances will be Misses Helen Stewart, [etc.]. 1992 (Nexis) 2 Oct. Girls soliciting, performing naked pole dances and erotic carnival tricks in the bars that blanket the area. 2000 31 Dec. ix. 2/1 For Dr. Dre's and Snoop Doggy Dogg's [song] ‘Next Episode’, the prize move is to mime a pole dance. 1991 Music & Dancing in alt.sex (Usenet newsgroup) 24 July You play a little funk and start pole-dancing..with your partner's body... It's safe to say that I'm ready! 2004 6 Jan. ii. 4/5 A woman who wears buttock-less trousers and pole-dances as if the activity were devised by Phil Redmond (kind of suburban and uncomfortable). 1900 3 Nov. The subjects represented by the puppets were ‘The Fisherwoman’, ‘The Italian Pole Dancer’, ‘The Plantation Negro’, and the ‘Last Day’. 1952 30 Sept. 9/2 (headline) Pole dancer dies in 137-foot fall. 2003 4 Aug. 58/1 A sluttish young woman battles with her mother over her aspiration to become a pole dancer. 1877 31 Jan. 5/6 The amusements..commenced with a performance of marionettes in ten scenes, including in these quadrilles and hornpipes, pole-dancing and juggling. 1952 30 Sept. 9/2 Known as Jackie Teeters during her 16 years of pole dancing, Miss Teeters fell while rehearsing for a show. 1994 (Nexis) 28 Apr. 31 Pole dancing and writhing on the floor are out. 2001 Dec. 58/3 I will assume the job begins and ends with tending bar and does not include pole dancing, lap dancing, or stripping. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > low or without sides > having a pole 1843 A. Caswall 33 Two indifferent ones [sc. animals] suffice for a pole dray. 1915 4 Nov. 26/4 Before pole-drays appeared many families navigated themselves in drays drawn by bullocks... Then followed the horse dray and the spring-cart. 1948 Wisconsin Eng. Lang. Survey Suppl. in (2002) IV. 251/2 Pole dray—like a stoneboat but without sideboards. Seen at the centennial exhibit. the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > rod > [noun] > types of rod > practice or art of fishing with a (roach) pole 1927 16 June 2/5 Only pole fishing will be permitted at the basin. 1988 June–July 6/3 Pole fishing is..a means of taking big bags of fish at high speed—ideal for those early season attacks on roach with hemp and tares. 2004 (Nexis) 8 Apr. 45 The competitors found the strong wind made it difficult for pole fishing, and most of the leading weights fell to the maggot feeder. the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > river-bed 1773 in R. Crisp (1866) 316 From the depth of water, the want of Pole ground would render it difficult..to work the Craft. the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > trellis or framework the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > [noun] > fruit-frame 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons 8 Of this I purpose to treate hereafter, in the planting of pole-hedges and the Kitchen-garden. 1706 G. London & H. Wise I. i. 91 The Cultivation of Vines in Vineyards, on Pole-Hedges. 1998 (Nexis) 9 Sept. (Home section) 1 A classical French device known as a ‘stilt hedge’ or a ‘pole hedge’. 1794 W. Felton I. v. §9 123 A pole-hook, a strong long hook, fixed on the end of a pole,..to hang the middle splinter-bar to, when four horses are used. 1817 M. Edgeworth I. viii. 178 Moriarty and Ormond with pole, net, and pole-hook, swinging and leaping from one ledge of rock to another. 1891 July 107/2 Rathbone with his pole-hook was guiding the boat's nose to the rickety ladder that went down into the water. 1996 Oct. 83/2 One possibility may be that your trolley pole is not making good contact with the pole hook. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > draught-horse > team of > horse(s) attached to or between shafts 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer I. iv. Observ. 272 The Ancients..used one Pole-horse and two leaders. 1823 J. F. Cooper I. iv. 52 The leaders were of gray, and the pole-horses of a jet black. 1995 99 635/1 The two middle horses, the pole horses, were attached to the chariot pole by means of a yoke that rested on the back of each horse. a1816 F. Asbury (1821) II. 245 At a pole-house I talked awhile..and administered the sacrament. 1949 53 184/2 Foundations of small pole houses were discovered. 2004 (Nexis) 8 May 16 We hate pole houses and wanted this one to have a solid base so that you didn't look up at its underbelly. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > specific athletic sports other than running > jumping > pole vault 1866 22 Feb. 5/6 Pole Jump.—This was entirely a new feature at Oxford, and but few members of the society had practised it. 1898 22 Feb. 3/4 A party of his pupils are exercising at the pole-jump, across a ditch. 2001 (Nexis) 6 Feb. 5 e Senior Heather Brough of West Seneca West looks to add to the WNY pole jump record she owns at 9-feet-6. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > specific athletic sports other than running > jumping > pole vault > pole-vaulter 1865 21 Nov. 6/4 High Pole Leap.—This was won by that magnificent pole jumper, Milvain, who cleared seven feet. 1908 1 July 8/4 Quite recently, Szathmary, the pole-jumper, broke the Hungarian record. 2000 (Nexis) 24 June j6 Hidden talents emerge when I cross paths with a snake—like my vertical leap, rather like a pole jumper without a pole. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > specific athletic sports other than running > jumping > pole vault 1864 30 Apr. 11/6 Pole Jumping.—1. M. Mackenzie and B. Ottley (equal), 8ft. 3in. 1912 E. H. Ryle 19 ‘Field events’ (i.e., long-, high- and pole-jumping, weight-putting, hammer- and discus-throwing, and hurdling). 2003 (Nexis) 14 Dec. 2 c Athlete after athlete..failed to even get over the bar in the pole jumping competition. 1907 9 June 48/2 (advt.) Lost—One automobile pole lamp. 1994 Spring 75 Johanne's sister was sitting in a wingback chair, under the protective glow of a pole lamp. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > lathe > [noun] > other lathes 1815 J. Smith I. 66 The pole lathe..made of the cheapest materials, and in the simplest manner. 1879 J. J. Holtzapffel IV. 20 The turner using the pole lathe..requires the back rest to steady and support his body. 1932 G. M. Boumphrey 38 When the lathe came here, it was altered into what is called the pole-lathe. 1995 Summer 21 During this waiting time beside the kiln, Pip practises turnery on a pole-lathe, specialising in the making of one-legged stools. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > specific athletic sports other than running > jumping > pole vault 1857 21 June Pole Leap for pupils under five feet. 1958 22 Aug. 10/4 In the pole leap a 19-year-old record was broken when A. Jamieson of Drumoak, cleared 12 feet. 2002 (Nexis) 2 Aug. 14 There were long distance races and sprints, the pole leap (pole vault), long and high jump classes. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > specific athletic sports other than running > jumping > pole vault > pole-vaulter 1886 23 Aug. 4/1 I was a pole-leaper..and could clear five feet. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > specific athletic sports other than running > jumping > pole vault 1842 (new ed.) II. 531/2 The knack of pole-leaping is, like all other kinds, dependent on the spring of the feet. 1885 F. Gale vi. 67 Running, jumping, and pole-leaping were often the outcome of a very old-fashioned sport, ‘Follow my leader’. 1972 20 Jan. 24/4 The visitor may watch Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling, fell racing, the hound trails or pole leaping. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast > mast formed of single spar 1672 J. Narbrough Jrnl. 2 Oct. in R. C. Anderson (1946) (modernized text) 204 I saw a pole-mast vessel to the N.E'ward of me. 1769 W. Falconer at Mast A mast..is either formed of one single piece, which is called a pole-mast, or composed of several pieces joined together. 1824 in (1874) 19 Double pole masts. 1994 (Nexis) Oct. 145 A Predynastic vase of a reed boat with a pole mast and square sail proves that wind power surely was used as early as 3500 B.C. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [adjective] > having masts > having specific type of masts 1666 T. Allin 1 Aug. (1940) (modernized text) I. 280 Langley came off with a small pole-masted gribane. 1894 22 Feb. 2/1 The Britannic is rigged as a pole-masted schooner. 1970 56 165 Evidence for the pole-masted brigantine rig was found at the Dubrovnik museum. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > [noun] > hybrid horse and ass > mule > used for specific purpose 1862 O. W. Norton (1903) 106 A driver riding the near pole mule and guiding his team with one line. 1898 17 Aug. The driver rides the near pole mule and guides the entire six by means of a single leather rein. the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > net on pole 1858 P. L. Simmonds 294/2 Pole-net, a net attached to a pole for illegal fishing in rivers. 1885 G. C. Bompas 163 Imagine an old fashioned, bag-shaped night-cap, with a stick fastened on each side of it, and you have a pole net. 2003 (Nexis) 2 Feb. e1 Walton fetched a large pole net and hauled the seal out. 1864 E. D. Townsend Gen. Orders 2 Feb. in (U.S. War Dept.) 3rd Ser. IV. 65 Pole-straps and pole-pads of field limbers, not belonging in horse batteries, are to be kept in the implement room or in the trays of the limber chest. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > collar > part of society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam > rafter > ridge-pole 1619 in G. Ornsby (1878) 108 For a paer of duble cotch rains and 2 poolpeseis. 1794 W. Felton I. 221 Pole pieces, Are the straps which couple the horses to the pole, and are also regulated by the size and weight of the carriage. 1901 J. Black 22 Deal rafters..the lower ends of which rest on the wall plates,..and the upper extremities..abut on the ‘ridge’ or ‘pole piece’. 1983 M. Stansfield i. 11 When fitting a halter it is best to put the poll piece over the ears first, before tightening the loop around the nose. the world > space > shape > fact or condition of tapering > condition of tapering to a point > [noun] > pointed object or part > metal spike 1451–2 in J. T. Fowler (1898) I. 147 (MED) Pro j polepike et quinque Sholyrnez, 2 s. 2 d. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > members of 1787 W. Pain (ed. 3) 5 The pole-plate for the small rafters to stand on. 1889 30 Nov. 4 Bold king-post principals and traceried windbraces to the purlins and pole plates. 1997 (Nexis) 14 Sept. The pole plate is rarely used today. It sits on top of the ceiling joists and provides a pitching plate for the rafters. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > [noun] > advantage over another > a position of advantage society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing with vehicles > motor racing > [noun] > position 1888 7 Sept. 3/2 In the final heat Richardson took another short run around the first turn, but held his pole position, leading all the way around to the stretch, where he made a wild break for over 100 yards. 1904 1 Oct. 5/1 The two were well matched and sped around the track in a single dust cloud..the former making frantic efforts to gain the coveted pole position from the Detroit chauffeur as each turn was made. 1939 H. Hodges iv. 75 The provisional appointee takes pole position. 1977 17 Apr. 24/7 Ipswich relinquished their hold on the pole position to champions Liverpool. 2000 18 June (Sport section) 12/5 Pole position has become something of a poisoned chalice. 1841 (U.S. Army Ordnance Dept.) iii. 36 1 pole-prop socket, fastened by 1 rivet. 1875 E. H. Knight III. 1761/2 Pole-prop, a bar for supporting the end of the pole or tongue, especially used for various carriages of the artillery service. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of specific crops > [noun] > hops > hop-grower > specific processes 1756 T. Turner 20 Sept. (1984) (modernized text) 64 Mr. Porter's hoppers bought their pole-pullers' neckcloth. 1915 W. S. Maugham cxix. 629 A huge bag called a poke..the measurer and the pole-puller carried off between them and put on the waggon. 2003 (Nexis) 3 Oct. 58 When I married we spent our honeymoon hop-picking me as a pole-puller and my wife joined her mum, gran, aunts and uncles with her own bin. 1776 38 What he may get extraordinary by mowing, harvest, and pole-pulling. 1882 E. L. Chamberlain 23 Pole-pulling, Taking out the poles at the end of the season. 1907 at Pole sb.1 Pole-rack, a rack on which drying-poles are supported in dyeing, tanning, and other trades. 1941 R. H. Westveld xii. 219 The posts are then piled on a pole rack with the small ends slightly above the ground surface. 1957 33 233 Rice is tied into small bundles and hung on pole racks to dry. 1998 June 124/2 (advt.) British brassware. Range of ports, Hopper style and static, mushroom vents, tiller bars, pole racks, [etc.]. the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > lumbering equipment > train transporting logs to mill 1878 6 Apr. 302/3 They use on these pole railroads trucks with iron wheels. 1976 11 Aug. A skid road and a pole railroad, plus two locomotives used to haul the log-loaded flat cars. 1907 at Pole sb.1 Pole-railway. 1931 4 Aug. 5/6 Paul Reynolds, who built a pole railway to transport logs from Oconto County to the Wolf river. 2000 (Nexis) 20 Mar. 4 It was a pole railway, made from skinned maple trees laid end-to-end. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > reed or the reed plant 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens iv. liv. 514 This plante is called in..English, Common Pole Reede, Spier, or Cane Reede. 1597 J. Gerard i. 34 Arundo Cypria..in English Pole reede, and Cane, or Canes. 1879 R. C. A. Prior (ed. 3) 187 Pole-reed,..in our western counties, Pool-reed. 1892 E. R. Lankester tr. E. Haeckel (ed. 4) I. 317 Ferns or Filicinæ (ferns, pole-reeds, scale-plants, etc.). 1976 97 330 The latter are pole-reeds (Arundo donax) which Theophrastus describes as ‘very bushy’. the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > lumbering equipment > train transporting logs to mill 1864 in (U.S. War Dept.) (1891) 1st Ser. XXXVI. ii. 909 Wagon train took pole road in direction of Sycamore. 1983 W. L. Montell 93 Some logging operations were large enough to merit construction of tram roads or pole roads from the river or railhead to the logging camps. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > rose and allied flowers > rose > types of rose flower or bush 1848 W. Paul 67 Pillar or Pole Roses. 1870 18 Mar. 4/6 Pole roses, or pillars, will not be lost sight of in appropriate situations under our proposed arrangements. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bulrush or club-rush 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens iv. lii. 511 The fourth [kind of Rush] is called..in English, the pole Rushe, or bull Rushe, or Mat Rushe. 1611 R. Cotgrave Ionc à cabas, the pole-rush, mat-rush, fraile-rush. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > screen > [noun] > fire-screen > specific type 1789 J. Christie 28 A set of fire irons, 2 green mixed damask festoon window curtains and a pole screen. 1870 M. Oliphant (1899) 225 I have just finished the most enchanting pole-screen. 1937 Apr. p. xxiv/1 A mahogany Polescreen on a beautifully carved tripod stand. 2000 10 Mar. 28/4 Some of Kirsty's mother's furniture had been taken, a Sheraton side-table.., ormolu candlesticks and a Regency pole-screen. the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > net on pole > pole 1888 G. B. Goode 250 In this is inserted the end of the pole-shank. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > other performances > [noun] > other performers 1927 1 Sept. 5/4 (headline) Girl pole sitter. 1977 (Nexis) 28 May b4 For Sunday's auto race, Harrah's Reno-Tahoe Racebook lists Bobby Unser as favorite, 4 to 1; polesitter Tom Sneva 5 to 1. 2003 (Nexis) 2 Sept. a2 Victoria's own Mark Sutton, who endured untold hardships as a record-breaking pole-sitter 18 years ago. 1927 2 July 3/3 Joe (Hi) Powers..will attempt to sit for 20 days and shatter the non-stop pole-sitting record. 2003 (Nexis) 2 Sept. a2 An American illusionist attempting a pole-sitting in London. 1887 Oct. 361 A pole sling is a long pole, about twenty-five feet, from which is suspended a leather seat and a board on which to rest the feet. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > square rod, pole, or perch 1707 J. Mortimer 71 Allowing a Bushel to a Pole square, or a 160 Bushels to an Acre. 1651 J. Tatham iv. i. 22/2 Scotch Apothecary... I ha not ben a Poles-Screamer this twenty yeers far naught. 1851 P. Donaldson 20 Wallace being dexterous and strong parried it off with his pole-staff and laid him on the ground. 1890 Pole-staff, the pole of a net. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > collar > part of 1841 (U.S. Army Ordnance Dept.) iii. 36 1 pole-strap ring, fastened by 3 rivets. 1983 L. R. Miller & K. Gilman 101 (caption) The pole strap drops down to a chain hooked ahead to the Rake frame for backing. 1868 30 May 348/2 I claim the pole tip, A.B. substantially as and for the purpose described. 1944 7 Mar. 2/1 The bollard or pole-tip, a heavy but finely modelled bronze casting which was one of the metal fixtures of a wheeled vehicle. 1871 W. P. Blake 65 The cumbrous pole-tools have been rejected, and the cable, upon the ancient Chinese system, substituted. 1994 12 June 4 f/3 A pole saw..can be either a curved pruning saw or lopping shears on top of a pole... Both types of pole tools allow you to operate the tools from the ground so that you don't have to use a ladder. 2003 Sept.–Oct. 102/1 The Anglemaster, an adjustable spray pole tool that will bring increased productivity while painting complete surfaces. society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval weapons and equipment > [noun] > mine 1877 28 June The launches pushed ahead and exploded their pole torpedoes, sinking the gunboat. 1898 23 June 2/2 The superb enthusiasm..which took Cushing and his clumsy pole torpedo to the iron-clad sides of the Albemarle. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor lorry, truck, or van > [noun] > truck or lorry > articulated lorry > trailer or types of trailer 1919 17 Aug. b11/4 The Warner pole trailer made by this company is the leader in this class of trailer attachments. 1936 17 Aug. 16/7 Five three-ton rigid pole trailers, nine six-ton sliding pole trailers. 2002 (Nexis) 2 Sept. a11 (caption) Company President Gary Chandler poses in front of an expandable steerable pole trailer. the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun] the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > fowling equipment > [noun] > trap or snare 1879 14 July 13/2 Their natural enemies—the weasels, stoats, owls, kestrels, and other hawks—are most cruelly destroyed by pole-traps and others set on the ground. 1909 17 Feb. 5/1 The catching of birds with hooks in Cornwall has been stopped by an Act passed last year, and efforts have been made to abolish entirely the illegal pole-trap. 1991 18 Apr. 10/3 He had little time for fellow keepers who continued to control birds of prey with poison baits and pole traps. the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > drag-net 1836 166 The pole-trawl, used in shoal water, is the only one known here. 1872 IX. 525/1 A kind of trawl called the pole-trawl was formerly in use in some parts of England, but is now used only in the south of Ireland. 1998 1514 Specimens were obtained using..a Honfleur pole trawl. the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [noun] > fishing with net > trawl-netting 1774 (Royal Soc.) 64 471 Small vessels, with which they practise pole-trawling. 1776 4 52 At Ring, a small fishing village where pole-trawling is practised, they are acquainted with it. 1998 1512 (abstr.) For larger areas, pole trawling was the most suitable method. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > types of > wagon (usually four-wheeled) > having a pole 1836 G. Head 255 The manner in which the pole-waggons are driven is not common. 1851 3 Jan. 5/1 In the pole-waggon, in which two are yoked abreast as in a carriage,..the horses trot briskly along. 1908 S. Ford vi. 90 The pole waggon brings up the rear. 1947 H. L. Edlin 118 The typical timber carriage or pole waggon consists of two pairs of wheels united by a single pole; the forward pair of wheels is free to swivel, for steering purposes. 1968 J. Arnold v. 76 The pole-wagon, which was the fore-runner of the present-day motor-hauled trolley, had iron stanchions at its four corners of two transverse beams, each above its respective axle. 1985 9 Mar. 268/2 An honest-to-goodness mud scene of the 1930s depicted twenty horses trying to budge a pole wagon that had got mired to the axles. 2004 R. Walton 87 There were wagons for tents, wagons for stakes, pole wagons, wardrobe wagons, ticket wagons, shop wagons. 2014 (Nexis) (transcript of TV programme) 30 May The army used pole wagons. The only place in the country that was still using pole wagons was in the Wolds. the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > other parts of plough 1733 J. Tull xxi. 143 The Coulter, which is wedged tight up to it [sc. the Coulter-hole] by the Poll-Wedge. 1757 T. Hale et al. (new ed.) II. v. xxviii. 76 It is fixed in this Mortise by a Pole Wedge in the same Manner as the Coulter is in other Plows. a1552 J. Leland (1711) IV. 87 It is yonge Pole Wood easy to be cloven. 1652 W. Blith xxv. 159 It was much Pole-wood, yea a good part of it made Spars, and some part of it small building Timber. 1742 in (1907) (at cited word) [Lessee] to fall or cut all the large or pole wood grounds. 1847 H. Miller x. 184 Six thousand loads of the young pole-wood..being used twelvemonthly. 1999 (Nexis) 5 Dec. 1 d I'd forget to put in the pole wood to keep it burning. the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > other injuries 1908 T. Hardy iv. vi. 163 Who knows but that we should have been kings too, but for my crooked legs and your running pole-wound? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2022). polen.2Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pole; Latin polus. Etymology: < Middle French pole, Middle French, French pôle celestial pole (c1220 in Old French), terrestrial pole (c1377 or earlier; see also note below), either extremity of the main or longitudinal axis of an organ or cell (1830 in the passage translated in quot. 1834 at sense 11) and its etymon classical Latin polus the end of the axis on which the celestial spheres were believed to revolve, the pole star, the sky, the heavens, in post-classical Latin also point at the end of a magnet (1269 in Petrus Peregrinus) < ancient Greek πόλος pivot, axis, axis of the celestial sphere (Plato), end of this axis (Aristotle), the sky, in Hellenistic Greek also the pole star < an ablaut variant (o-grade) of the Indo-European base of πέλεσθαι to be in motion (see palinodia n.). Compare Catalan pol (c1380), Spanish polo (c1350 or earlier), Portuguese pólo (15th cent.), Italian polo (1282 with reference to the earth's poles, a1566 with reference to a sphere in general), and also Dutch pool (1598; perhaps via Middle French), Middle Low German pōl , Middle High German pōlus , (rare) pōl celestial pole (German Pol terrestrial pole, celestial pole, also in figurative senses paralleling the English word), all < Latin. Compare pole arctic n.Many senses of the English word are not paralleled in French until later, e.g. sense 4 (1664), senses 6a and 6b (1647 and 1751 respectively), sense 10 (1814). 1. the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > pole the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > extremity of axis of c1392 38 (MED) Thy blake thred, whan it first leid thorw the pol of thyn Epicicle, it Shewith the verrey aux of the planete. a1450 ( G. Chaucer i. §17. 48 This equinoxiall..is clepid girdel of the first moeving, for it departith the first moevable, that is to seyn, the spere, in two like partyes evene distantz fro the poles of this world. c1475 (Trin. Cambr.) (1927) 1989 (MED) Dame Geometry her sotyll craft outronge..Whyche ys the poynt, the centre, and the pole, Full craftyly she taught of euery spere. 1551 R. Record i. Defin. The two poyntes that suche a lyne maketh in the vtter bounde or platte of the globe, are named polis, wch you may call aptly in englysh, tourne pointes. 1667 J. Milton x. 668 He bid his Angels turne ascanse The Poles of Earth. View more context for this quotation 1674 W. Petty 126 I suppose in every atom..two poles in its superficies, and a Central point within its substance. 1725 D. Defoe i. 20 They entertain'd a Notion that I was going..to..search for the South Pole. 1788 R. Burns (1968) I. 425 Last, she sublimes th' Aurora of the Poles, The flashing elements of Female Souls. 1820 W. Scoresby I. 46 The opinion of an open sea round the Pole is altogether chimerical. 1834 (Libr. Useful Knowl.) III. Astron. iii. 83/1 The points M and m are called..the poles of the moon. 1880 G. Meredith I. vii. 136 As for matters of the heart between us, we're as far apart as the Poles. 1940 M. Tornich 123 Since the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographical or true poles, the magnetic meridians..do not coincide with the true meridians. 1995 J. Banville 3 There are moments, at the twin poles of dusk and dawn especially, when I think I might die of the loss of you. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Mark xiii. 87 From the hyghest pole of heauen to the lowmoste.] 1573 G. Gascoigne 404 I know the tides as well as other can, From pole to pole I can the courses plight. 1635 F. Quarles ii. ii. 70 Wee travill Sea, and Soyle; wee pry, wee proule, Wee progresse, and wee progge from pole to pole. 1667 J. Milton ix. 66 From Pole to Pole, traversing each Colure. View more context for this quotation 1715 A. Pope 28 From Pole to Pole the Winds diffuse the Sound. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere v, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge 26 O sleep, it is a gentle thing Belov'd from pole to pole! 1856 R. W. Emerson iv. 75 They box, run, shoot, ride, row, and sail from pole to pole. 1903 J. K. Jerome 112 The world's highroads run turnpike-free from pole to pole. 1993 G. Bear 2 The original settlers..had dug warrens in water-rich lands all over Mars, from pole to pole. the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > contrariety [phrase] > opposite to or poles apart 1830 July 433 It is the poles apart from any doctrine which we have ever believed or taught. 1878 Feb. 451/1 The mental and moral characteristics of my personages were poles apart from the people whose faces and tricks they might carry. 1957 J. S. Huxley iv. 95 Bringing together whole realms of fact.., which had hitherto seemed poles apart. 1971 19 Mar. 32/3 He is poles removed from men like Carel de Wet on the one side and Douglas Mitchell on the other. 2002 O. Figes (2003) iii. iv. 179 The musical language they developed..set them poles apart from the conventions of the Conservatory. the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > pole the world > the universe > star > kind of star > giant > [noun] > supergiant > Pole star the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun] > on a surface or plane > pole a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 107v The spere of heuen..gooþ a boute apon twey poles; þe on þerof is by north..and hatte polus articus, þat is, þe northe pole; þe oþir is polus antarticus, þat is, þe souþ polus. c1400 ( G. Chaucer (Brussels) (1940) ii. §22. f. 89 v The heiȝte of oure pool artik fro oure north orizonte. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) i. 476 To enhaunce þin honour to þe heuene, Aboue þe pole and þe sterres seuene. c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate (Durh.) i. 10 The stere of the bright poole..with hir bemys..May al the trowble aswagen. a1527 R. Thorne in R. Hakluyt (1582) sig. C The altitude of the poles, that is the North and South starres. 1602 H. Briggs (title) A table to find the height of the Pole; the magnetical declination being given. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1622) ii. i. 15 To cast water, on the burning Beare, And quench the guards of th'euer fired pole. 1726 D. Gregory (ed. 2) I. ii. i. 224 The Polar Circles of that Place, which are therefore greater and more remote from the Celestial Pole, according as the Place..is farther off from the Terrestrial Equator. 1854 H. Moseley (ed. 4) ix. 41 Declination-circles are those great circles which pass round the heavens from one pole to the other. 1916 K. J. Saunders 68 When God's will is thy heart's pole, Then is Christ thy very soul. 1972 82 100 The small and faint constellation of Musca, which is the third closest constellation to the south celestial pole. 2003 J. Scalzi ii. 28 An equatorial mount allows you to align your telescope with a celestial pole. 3. the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > pole a1450 ( G. Chaucer i. §18. 20 This cenyth is the verray pool of the orizonte in every regioun. 1559 W. Cuningham 33 If I make B.D. the poles of th' equinoctiall..then can thei not be the poles of the zodiack. 1594 T. Blundeville iii. i. xvi. f. 149v In this Colure there are set downe the two Poles of the Ecliptique line being distant from the Poles of the worlde 23. degrees and 28′. 1669 S. Sturmy vii. ii. 3 Every Dial Plane hath his Axis, which is a straight Line passing through the Center of the Plane, and making Right Angles with it; and at the end of the Axis be the two Poles of the Plane, whereof that above our Horizon is called the Pole Zenith, and the other the Pole Nadir of the Dial. 1795 C. Hutton II. 255/1 The Pole of a great circle is a point upon the sphere equally distant from every part of the circumference of the great circle. 1814 J. Playfair II. i. i. 2 They all describe circles having the same point for their Pole. 1974 D. McNally ii. 10 Since AB..is a great circle, it will have two poles. the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystal symmetry > [noun] > pole 1862 12 194 The magnitude of the indices are also shown to be much diminished by using approximations bringing every pole to its place on the sphere of projection within 5 or 6 minutes. 1895 N. Story-Maskelyne 27 A pole may therefore also be defined as the point of contact of the sphere and a tangent-plane parallel to a plane of the system on the same side of the origin with the plane. 1969 B. 25 1524 The SiO4 tetrahedra point toward the analogous pole of the c axis. 1971 F. C. Phillips (ed. 4) 21 Each pole on the sphere is then projected on to the plane of the paper by joining it to the lowermost point P of the sphere, the pole being marked by a small dot on the paper at the point of intersection of this join. 1999 A. Allaby & M. Allaby (ed. 2) 424/2 In a stereographic projection of a crystal, the crystal is imagined to lie at the centre of a sphere and a pole of each face intersects the surface of the sphere at a point. 2003 426–32 i. 737 This study is focussed on the creep in crystals with three pole orientations. the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [noun] > polarity > pole the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > [noun] > complementary principle a1550 ( G. Ripley (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 50v (MED) Lowsing and knitting, therfore, be principles two Of this harde science, and pooles moste principall. 1616 J. Davies sig. E7v That thou, sphear of all our State, wert mou'd Vpon no aduerse Poles of discontent. 1675 A. Marvell (1697) I. 113 Man's life moves on the Poles of hope and fear. 1710 E. Ward 15 Your Sons advance, By their false Poles, and double Diligence. 1818 S. T. Coleridge (new ed.) III. 150 That confusion and formality are but the opposite poles of the same null-point? 1861 E. Garbett 245 Reverting..to the very opposite pole of religious thought and practice. 1935 B. Malinowski in M. Black (1962) 77 These two poles of linguistic effectiveness, the magical and the pragmatic. 1965 30 Apr. 690/2 At the opposite pole to Tchaikovsky's introversion stands Verdi. 1987 R. Berthoud vi. 116 For the rest of the decade the three agreeable poles of Moore's life were Hampstead, Kent and Chelsea. the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun] 1572 in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. xxx. 134 The storme approches quhen ye Poills are fairest. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry IV cclxxiii, in (1878) IV. 69 Hee,..Ambitious of the Pole, has got moe Eyes But wth less ease. a1672 A. Bradstreet (1678) 242 Like those far scituate under the pole, Which day by day long wait for thy arise, O how they joy when thou dost light the skyes. 1716 A. Pope tr. Homer II. viii. 692 Stars unnumber'd gild the glowing Pole. 1770 W. Hodson 2 Mingled Thunders shake the lab'ring Pole. 1794 W. Blake Poison-tree in Songs of Experience in (1982) 28 When the night had veild the pole. 1868 H. Alford 142 Roll, onward roll, Veil the sun and gloom the pole, Dark and dismal cloud. 1908 M. J. Cawein 26 Now when night made dark the pole. 6. the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > [noun] > pole of magnet ?1575 R. Eden tr. J. Taisnier sig. (***)7 For lyke as in heauen are two poynts immoueable..vpon the which the whole frame of heauen is turned..euen so the stone Magnes reduced into a globous or rounde forme, laying thereon a needle, then which way so euer the needle..turneth and resteth, thereby is shewed the place of the poles. 1625 N. Carpenter i. iii. 57 Let the two Poles both North and South be marked out in the Load-stone. 1646 Sir T. Browne 60 A Loadstone..wherein only inverting the extremes as it came out of the fire, wee altered the poles or faces thereof at pleasure. View more context for this quotation 1738 in (Royal Soc.) (1809) 8 246 Concerning Magnets having more than two Poles. 1777 J. Anderson I. xviii. 118 By an electric shock the poles of a magnetic needle are sometimes reversed. 1831 D. Brewster x. 93 A steel wire..became magnetic by exposure to the white light of the sun; a north pole appearing at each polished part, and a south pole at each unpolished part. 1884 S. P. Thompson 124 By substituting a four-pole field for the original two-pole field..they could get exactly double. 1935 C. J. Smith (ed. 2) v. xxxix. 654 The polarity of a bar magnetized by induction is opposite in sign to that of the nearer pole of the inducing magnet. 2002 F. Close et al. vi. 96 The poles of the C-shaped magnetic sectors in the first synchrotrons were gently shaped to provide weak magnetic focusing. the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > pole > magnetic the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > earth magnetism > [noun] > pole 1581 W. Borough xi. sig. G.i About 9.d. from North to East accordyng to Mercators position, of the Magneticall Pole. 1616 W. Barlow vii. 47 The true Magneticall Pole is the pole of the earth; The magneticall respectiue Pole, or..the Pole of the Magneticall Meridian, is a point in the Magneticall almicanter, distant Easterly or Westerly from the true pole. 1701 N. Grew i. ii. §22 The Magnetick Poles are also a great Secret; especially now they are found to be distinct from the Poles of the Earth. 1796 (Royal Soc.) 86 343 From the greatness of the angle of dip of the needle, I am led to suppose that the magnetic poles are fixed within the magnetic nucleus far within the earth's surface. 1815 J. Smith II. 178 The magnetical poles of the earth change their situation, and this singular circumstance has opened a wide field for speculation. 1972 N. Calder (1975) ii. 27 The Earth's magnetic poles have wobbled around during thousands of years. 1991 C. A. Ronan 122/2 The planet's magnetic poles are inclined at 11 degrees to Jupiter's axis of rotation. society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > pin or peg > on which anything turns society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > axle > other parts of 1633 P. Fletcher iv. viii. 39 Most like the Poles in heavens Axletrees. 1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti ii. i. 124 The Poles upon which the Wheel of Cardinalism ought to turn. 1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei 303 These Doors have a round Hole in the Threshold, and another above, into which the Poles of the Impost entered. the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun] > to which other points are referred 1673 T. Strode Let. 28 July in H. Oldenburg (1975) X. 105 It is required to know what the axis transversalis of that conicall section is whose vertex is g. and whose pole or umbilique point is R. 1849 A. Cayley (1889) I. 425 A fixed point Q (which may be termed the harmonic pole of the point P with respect to the system of surfaces). 1863 R. Townsend I. x. 216 The inverse of the foot of the perpendicular from the centre of a circle upon any line is termed the pole of the line with respect to the circle. 1873 B. Williamson (ed. 2) xii. §175 The position of any point in a plane is determined when its distance from a fixed point called a pole, and the angle which that distance makes with a fixed line, are known; these are called the polar co-ordinates of the point. 1885 A. G. Greenhill (1886) 241 The locus of Y, the foot of the perpendicular on the tangent of a curve drawn from the origin O, is called the pedal of the curve with respect to O, and O is called the pole of the pedal. 1946 L. Toft & A. T. J. Kersey (ed. 5) v. 118 The fixed point from which the vectors are drawn in an image is called the pole. 1972 M. Kline xiv. 299 La Hire..proves that if a point traces a straight line, then the polar of the point will rotate around the pole of that straight line. 1998 J. L. Heilbron v. 226 The line QO is called the polar of the pole P. Can you see that, if Q is taken as pole, its polar is the line PR. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > each extremity of axis 1692 W. Molyneux 296 The several Cases of Rays Diverging or Converging as they enter the curve Surface of a Convex or Concave Lens, are for the Readers Ease delineated in the first four Figures. 1726 E. Stone Distinct Base, in Opticks, is that Distance from the Pole of a Convex Glass, in which the Objects beheld through it appear distinct, and well defin'd. 1748 T. Rutherforth I. 261 If the position of the lens is changed and the pole or vertex of it instead of being at R is at P, then..the ray AR will fall beside the lens. the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > [noun] > pole the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric polarization > [noun] > pole the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > operation of machinery > [noun] > terminal point of machine 1777 T. Cavallo i. iv. 25 Its Electricity does not appear all over its surface, but only on two opposite side, which may be called its poles... Whilst the Tourmalin is heating, one of its sides (distinguished by A) is electrified plus, and the other side B minus. 1800 Nov. 340 The galvanic pile ceases to act in vacuo.., even though the poles are connected by wires with the atmosphere. 1834 M. Faraday (1855) I. 196 The poles, as they are usually called, are only the doors or ways by which the electric current passes in or out. 1933 S. W. Cole (ed. 9) i. 39 If B were more acid than A, the negative pole would be that of the electrode connected to A. 1982 E. Leach (1986) (BNC) 157 If the positive and negative poles of an electrical battery are connected, we ordinarily describe the discharge..as a flow of power from the positive pole to the negative pole. the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [noun] > end or pole 1658 Sir T. Browne (ed. 3) iii. xxviii. 151 The Grando or tredle, are but the poles and establishing particles of the tender membrans. 1664 Duchess of Newcastle in J. Ray et al. iv. 427 Why may not the whole World be likened unto an Egg? Which if so, the two Poles are the two ends of the Egg.] 1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier (abridged ed.) 462 Their parts are arranged round an axis and on one or several radii, or on one or several lines extending from one pole [Fr. pôle] to the other. 1870 H. C. Angell iv. 36 This elongation of the posterior pole of the eyeball can be seen by requesting the patient to look as far inward as possible. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson (ed. 2) Introd. 22 It is rare for the chromatin to be grouped in two masses on the equator [of the spindle] and the split of the nucleus to take place through its poles. 1893 J. Tuckey tr. B. Hatschek 39 The upper pole of the egg. 1947 A. D. Imms (ed. 3) iii. 79 Before the blastoderm is complete some of the dividing cells pass to the posterior pole of the egg. 1978 26 Oct. 748/2 Material from the caudal pole of the kidney. 1993 (U.K. ed.) June 35 (caption) The chromosomes line up along the middle of the spindle during metaphase and then migrate toward each pole during anaphase. 12. the world > the earth > region of the earth > zone or belt > [noun] > in relation to climate or weather conditions > specific 1850 Sept. 560/2 The two maps of isothermal lines... If they are to be depended on, there is but one pole of cold, situate in Northern America; that supposed to exist in the Asiatic continent disappears when the monthly means are taken. 1891 G. Kennan I. iii. 60 You reach, in latitude 67.34,..a lonely Yakút settlement called Verkhoyánsk,..a village that is known throughout Siberia, and is beginning to be known throughout the world, as the Asiatic pole of cold. 1963 23 Feb. 7/2 Russia's ‘pole of cold’ shifted this winter from Yakutsk in north-east Siberia to the European part of the Soviet Union. 1998 D. Paperno ii. 74 I was assigned first to Yakutsk (ever heard of the ‘pole of cold’, the coldest point on earth?—that's it), then to Barnaul (in the heart of Siberia). 1920 V. Steffanson in 10 168 The intersecting arcs delimit the inner border of a zone of ‘comparative accessibility’... The area enclosed by the intersecting arcs..is the area of ‘comparative inaccessibility’... The center..is the ‘Pole of Inaccessibility’. 1962 E. Shackleton in G. E. R. Deacon 72 At lat. 83°20′N. they passed the Pole of Inaccessibility, the geographical center of the ice pack and the most inaccessible point in the Arctic. 1973 Jan. 9/1 Scientific tractor-train expeditions of the Soviet Union have traversed the area to the South Pole and the pole of inaccessibility. 2008 12 Apr. (recto front cover) The furthest point from the sea or, to give its technical name, the continental pole of inaccessibility (CPI), does lie in Asia. It is located at 46° 17′ N, 86° 40′ E, in the Dzoosotoyn Elisen in Xinjiang, China. the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun] 1879 A. Cayley in IX. 819/2 A rational (non-integral) function has a certain number of infinities, or poles, each of them of a given multiplicity. 1935 E. T. Copson iv. 79 If f(z) has a pole at a, |f(z)| tends to infinity as z tends to a in any manner. Moreover, if f(z) has a pole of order m at a, 1/f(z) is regular and has a zero of order m there. 1968 P. A. P. Moran vii. 299 ϕ1(2) is therefore an analytic function with no zeros or poles. 1993 E. Kreyszig (ed. 7) xiv. 829 The function f(z) = 1/z2 has a pole at z = 0. Compounds the world > life > biology > substance > cell > types of cells > [noun] > other types of cells the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > embryo cells 1890 24 1145 We find in Annelids, typically, as a chief constituent of the mesoderm, the two mesoderm-bands growing forward from two pole-cells. 1993 June 37/2 Recently we made the surprising discovery that centrosomes alone can trigger the formation of pole cells. the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [noun] > change of direction > switch enabling 1839 C. G. Page in 3 389 The alternating currents, from the semi-revolutions of the armatures, are converted into a current of the same direction, by the application of my pole changer. 2001 (Nexis) 1 July 106 These air-cooled or water-cooled units can be equipped with optional amp-hr meter totalizer and preset counters, digital timers, over and under voltage alarms and pole-changers. the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > sundial 1669 S. Sturmy vii. A aaaij A Globe with two Pole-Dials, and one Shadow-Dial. 1849 M. Faraday in (Royal Soc.) 139 4 If.. a perfectly uniform field should be required, it could easily be made by making the form of the pole face somewhat convex, and rounded at the edges more or less. 1912 18 Sept. 18/3 The wire specimen was attached at its lower end to an armature which vibrated above the pole-face of the magnet. 2002 F. Close et al. vi. 96 The principle behind strong focusing is to shape the magnet pole faces so that they guide a deviant particle quickly back towards the middle of the vacuum chamber. the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > [noun] > diagrams or data representation 1937 A. 163 10 The projection of the axis of the stretched wire on the glide plane is known from the pole figure prepared from the X-ray work. 1991 39 2678/1 Axisymmetry makes it unnecessary to plot complete basal pole figures because the isointensity lines consist in circles concentric with the axial direction. the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric polarization > [noun] > pole > means of identifying 1902 J. E. Hutton in A. C. Harmsworth et al. (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) viii. 145 ‘Pole-finding’ paper may also be used for this purpose. 1963 G. M. B. Dobson v. 84 These instruments recorded on ‘pole-finding’ paper the sign of the electric current flowing through a long wire hanging from the balloon. society > travel > [noun] > going on polar expedition 1874 19 Aug. If it is ever intended that the Russians shall do their share of Pole hunting, it is quite time they began. 1920 Aug. 4/2 Such an expedition [to the Antarctic], undertaken not for Pole-hunting but for observation and collection in all possible branches of science, accumulates abundant material. 1926 (Brit. Engin. Stand.) 120 Pole-paper, pole-finding paper, a porous paper soaked in certain chemicals which undergoes a visible change when moistened and applied to the positive and negative poles of an electric circuit, thus serving to identify them. the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > magnet > end section 1856 (Royal Soc.) 146 161 The sliding pole-pieces were of square iron, and presented either pointed terminations towards each other, or two flat faces. 1962 337/1 The magnets..consist of a circular yoke of cast iron to which inwardly projecting laminated main pole pieces are bolted. 1989 A. C. Davies (ed. 9) I. iv. 188 The gap between pole pieces and rotating armature must be kept as small as possible. 1892 S. P. Thompson (ed. 4) xxiii. 657 Field-magnet cores, 81/ 2 inches long, 41/ 2 inches diameter; pole-shoes, 8 inches by 31/ 4 inches. 2001 (Nexis) 16 July 3 n In the cylindrical frame there were two stationary coils called poles or pole shoes. 1890 48 344 The bars swing with but little friction, and their pole strength is sufficient to make the mutual forces quite mask the earth's directive force when they are set moderately near one another. 1935 C. J. Smith (ed. 2) v. xlix. 849 Any small change in the magnetic field causes a considerable variation in the pole strength of these pieces. 1987 48 350 A dramatic increase in the rate of decline of the Earth's total pole strength began around 1960. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Polen.3Origin: Probably a borrowing from Middle Low German. Etymon: Middle Low German pōle. Etymology: Probably < Middle Low German pōle (15th cent. or earlier), ultimately < Old Polish Polanin (see Polan n., and compare the foreign-language forms cited at that entry). Compare Dutch Pool (1613 or earlier), German Pole (mid 17th cent. or earlier). Compare Polan n.Recorded earlier as the name of the country Poland (now archaic in this sense, rare after the 17th cent.):c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 604 Men of þa marches, Pull and Pruyslande presses with oþer, The lege-men of Lettow.a1500 (a1470) Brut (BL Add. 10099) 521 Þe King of Pole..laid siege to þe castel of Marienburgh.1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 34 In any other countrey than England, Scotland, Ireland, & Poyle.1649 in D. Littlejohn Rec. Sheriff Court Aberdeenshire (1907) III. 35 Merchands & trawelleres in Poll.c1700 J. Fraser Chron. Frasers (1905) 491 After the peace he went up to Pole with other Scotsshmen.1983 A. Gray Unlikely Stories, Mostly 146 For the King of Pole against the Swede, Muscoviter and Turk. With sense 2 compare Poland n.1 5, Poland fowl n. at Poland n.1 2a, Polish n.1 3, Polish fowl n. at Polish n.1 and adj. Compounds. the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Poland > [noun] 1574 in T. Thomson (1839) I. 306 There is diverse books..dayly inbrought in this countrey be Poles, crammers and others. 1589 A. Jenkinson in (1886) I. 35 Poles, Lettos, and Swethens. 1632 W. Watts Pref. sig. Av In all his late warres of Prussia against the Pole. 1659 B. Harris in tr. J. N. de Parival (ed. 2) Contin. 308 After many hot charges..the Poles confusedly fled. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet (1734) II. 196 To distribute Eight Millions of Florins among the Poles. 1792 T. Paine v. 167 The insulted German and the enslaved Spaniard, the Russ and the Pole, are beginning to think. 1840 XVIII. 324/1 The emperor Nicholas..exercised the utmost severity against the Poles. 1925 Jan. 72 The country was occupied by aboriginal tribes of Finns, Letts, Lithuanians, Borussians, and Poles or kindred Slavs. 1999 C. Grimshaw ii. 26 Mr Romaniuk is a refugee, perhaps a Czech or a Pole. the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [noun] > types of > Poland fowl 1885 30 Mar. 1268/3 Polands. Golden spangled Poles, perfect birds. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). polen.4 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pole. Etymology: < French †pole (1554 in Middle French; now French regional (Brittany, Normandy) poule ), transferred use of poule hen: see pull n.2 the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > member of genus Glyptocephalus (witch) 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins ii. v. §3. 141 Plain or flat fish..having the mouth on the left side of the eyes, having bigger scales. Pole. 1838 7 370 The Pole Dab is distinguished from the plaise in having no tubercles on the head. 1864 J. Couch III. 190 The Pole is a fish of the Arctic Sea. 1888 G. B. Goode 260 In Greenland they are said to feed upon the pole-flounder. 1896 J. T. Cunningham 233 The witch..has been called the pole dab, pole flounder, and long flounder by English naturalists. 1925 J. T. Jenkins 184 The Witch, or Pole Dab, may be recognised by the fact that the eyes are on the right side of the head. 1969 A. Wheeler 542 (heading) Witch (Pole Dab). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). polev.1Inflections: Present participle poling, (rare) poleing; Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pole n.1 Etymology: < pole n.1 Compare earlier pale v.1 and later poled adj.1 1. the world > space > relative position > high position > set in a high position [verb (transitive)] > set on a pole 1581 J. Derricke sig. f.iiiv His hedde is poled vp, vpon the Castle hye. 1606 W. Warner xiv. xc. 365 From whom..they hewd his better-worthy head, And pold it on their Citie walls. 1615 R. A. iv. iii. sig. G2 If his head were taken from his shoulders, 'twere very well, and poale his head on a high cragge. society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > transport or convey by carrying [verb (transitive)] > convey by carrying (of person) > convey on poles society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > furnish with type of tool [verb (transitive)] > poles 1779 in (1882) Oct. 92 Made hay and poled. 1828 N. Webster Pole,..to bear or convey on poles; as, to pole hay into a barn. 1892 P. H. Emerson xvii. 173 We began to pole it inter the boat. 1941 14 295 They would..throw out planks, and pole the hay aboard the gundalow. 1994 (Nexis) 11 Oct. 1 He's youthful for his age—he climbs mountains, poles hay bales off the barn and works very hard. society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of striking with specific blunt weapon > use specific blunt weapon [verb (intransitive)] c1645 I. Tullie (1840) 35 One Watson, poleing with a Skott, was shot by his Comraid. Scisson to revenge his death cut 2 of the Scotts. 1662 in A. Perry & C. S. Brigham (1901) 116 All out fences..beinge sufishently Staked and pould. 1707 J. Mortimer 135 Disperse your Poles between the Hills before you begin to pole, and begin not to pole till your Hops appear above the Ground. 1710 J. Green Diary 25 Nov. in D. E. Stanford et al. (1982) 88 I went to Mrs Walcuts and urged her to pole her wall. 1806 R. B. Thomas 26 June 2 Attend to your corn. Pole beans. Salt cattle. 1868 J. Billings lxxvii. 259 Genius iz like a hop vine; it will run, and spread, enny how..but tew be a good krop, it must be poled, and cut back. 1898 24 Aug. 5/2 The military telegraph wire is poled to this place. 1962 38 i.18 The mountain farmer..‘poles’ his fences. 4. the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > strike with specific thing [verb (transitive)] > strike with an object > with a stick or pole 1687 J. Dryden iii. 108 He headed all the rabble of a town, And finish'd 'em with bats, or poll'd 'em down. 1870 De B. R. Keim 270 While one was poling up the unknown occupants within, the others stood around the entrance with pistols..ready to greet the first appearance of the denizens. 1984 P. Legg 6/1 Sometimes apples were harvested by ‘poling’ them from the trees, using long ash poles to shake down the fruit. 2000 (Nexis) 21 June 1 f Jumpers might be ‘poled’—rapped in the legs at the top of their arc by a trainer holding a limbo stick. society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of striking with specific blunt weapon > strike with specific blunt weapon [verb (transitive)] the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > pierce 1728 C. Cibber ii. i. 37 If we had a mind to stand in his way, he wou'd pool us over and over again. 1824 11 450 Yon heedless hack Has poled a deaf old woman's back. 1864 C. Dickens (1865) I. i. ix. 75 With a footman up behind, with a bar across, to keep his legs from being poled! society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > actions of batter 1882 16 Aug. 6/3 Veach struck out. Wright poled one to Milford. 1905 C. Dryden 40 At a tight spot in the game Hoffman poled out a vicious liner. 1926 9 Apr. 18/1 Fred Gunther swung considerable hickory for the Links, smacking two singles, a double, a home run, while Gottleber poled off three safe blows. 1988 Autumn 19/2 Snider poled 42 homers. 5. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > pole or punt 1769 R. Smith Jrnl. 7 June in (1906) iv. 75 We stopt to make Oars for our Canoe having poled it all the Way from Cookoose with a little Help from a Paddle. 1799 J. Smith 25 Sometimes paddling and sometimes polling his canoe along. 1893 F. F. Moore II. 57 The boat..was being poled along in semi-darkness. 1923 H. L. Foster xii. 287 A shallow river between low banks, where men were poling little skiffs laden with produce. 1947 6 Aug. 7/6 Ve station loggers along the banks and pole the logs into center of stream. 1964 M. Stewart (1965) ix. 105 Just with a dip and splash of oars as she was poled gently along. 2003 May 153/2 Ted was poling the boat, and Bobby was fishing. society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [verb (intransitive)] > pole or punt 1831 R. Cox II. 193 After pushing off we poled away with might and main. 1895 H. Norman xxxii. 537 We poled and paddled up the river. 1957 L. Durrell iii. 215 Faraj is out poling about like mad to retrieve the birds. 2002 July 77/1 One person sat in the stern and poled slowly through a stand of manomin (wild rice). the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [verb (transitive)] > harness or yoke 1846 3 June 8/4 The horse was badly poled up, and was in a complete sweat. 1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville xxi Crasher..was..revolving in his own mind..whether he wouldn't pole up Marathon a little shorter going home. 1896 F. T. Underhill (Electronic ed.) 73 The traces being properly fastened, the coachman proceeds to ‘pole them up’. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > heat > melt > stir molten metal 1842 5 169/2 The process of ‘polling’,..carried on by stirring..the copper while in a fluid state with poles of green wood.] 1866 H. E. Roscoe xxv. 216 In order to get rid of the last traces of oxide, the molten copper is ‘poled’ or stirred up with a piece of green wood. 1884 1 Dec. 766/1 The tin is first melted and ‘polled’—that is, stirred up with a stick of green wood. 1964 H. Hodges iv. 70 To avoid this the metal is poled, or stirred with green wooden boughs. 1893 (Royal Bot. Gardens, Kew) Nos. 82–3. 316 It will be remembered that in the wild state these [sisal] plants pole when about seven years old. 1918 R. N. Parker 514 Propagated by suckers as it rarely if ever poles in India. 1969 G. W. Lock (ed. 2) ii. 27 A sisal plant about to flower or ‘pole’ will produce a tight rosette of narrow, tapering, sword-like leaves around the apical point. 2003 A. E. Hartemink x. 299 After the sisal had poled, the land was cleared and replanted in 1966. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > exploit or take advantage of > specifically a person 1906 E. Dyson vi. 66 ‘What rot, girls; why don't yer get er shift on?’ cried Feathers virtuously... ‘'Taint ther mealy pertater, polin' on the firm like this.’ 1908 12 Sept. 1 The pimp thought he saw the barman ‘poleing’, and reported him to the boss, who subsequently sacked the bar-tender, who informs ‘Truth’ that he did not thieve. 1938 X. Herbert (1939) xxxii. 486 Call me a wastrel, would ya? You—why, you're poling on Jesus Christ! 1964 J. A. Lee 140 A man called Arthur Beaumont who poled three hundred thousand pounds. 1968 J. Kiddell (1970) ix. 78 He sort of poled on the rest of you after that. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). polev.2 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pole n.2 Etymology: < pole n.2 Compare poled adj.3, and also slightly earlier poling n.2 2, poling adj. Physics. the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric polarization > cause polarity [verb (transitive)] > in ferroelectric material 1961 49 1162/1 Certain polycrystalline ferroelectric substances..can be given lasting polar properties, including pyroelectric and piezoelectric effects, by treatment with high electric fields for a short time. The term ‘to pole’ is recommended for this treatment. 1963 10 38/2 The shell is poled in the radial direction. 2004 96 2805 Prior to the application of the bipolar field, the crystal was poled to an initial domain structure which consisted of a high volume fraction of c domains. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see alsoalso refers to : -polecomb. form < |
