Polarisn.

Brit.

/pəˈlɑːrɪs/, U.S.

/pəˈlɛrəs/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin polaris.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin polaris (in stella polaris Pole Star: see polar star n.).With use in sense 2 compare:1957 LIFE 21 Jan. 121/1 The code name of the Navy project under which the undersea missile is being developed is Polaris, after the North Star, implying that the new weapon will get some of its guidance from the stars.

1. Astronomy. = Pole Star n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > star > kind of star > giant > [noun] > supergiant > Pole star

North Stara1387

polea1398

shipman-star1398

pole arcticc1400

tramontanec1400

transmontane starc1400

pommel1503

sail-star?c1510

Pole Star1555

star?1555

Arctic Pole1565

polar star1578

northern star1590

cynosure1596

Polaris1675

1675 E. Sherburne in tr. M. Manilius Sphere App. 159 (table) Names of the Stars of the several Degrees of Magnitude... Sirius... Polaris... [etc.].

1770 Philos. Trans. 1769 (Royal Soc.) 59 477 (table) 1769... 8 Feb.... α orionis on the meridian... polaris, ditto, below.

1821 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. (new ed.) I. vii. 37 We are always able, at an assigned time, to state what number of the degrees, minutes and seconds of our instrument, the star Polaris, for instance, is distant from the north pole.

1878 T. Hardy Return of Native I. i. x. 194 The creature [sc. a mallard] brought within him an amplitude of Northern knowledge. Glacial catastrophes, snow-storm episodes, glittering auroral effects, Polaris in the zenith, Franklin underfoot,—the category of his commonplaces was wonderful.

1900 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 13 100 In Yucatan, Polaris was called the North Star, Star of the Shield, Guide of the Merchants.

1950 J. Clendinning Princ. Surv. (1966) ii. xix. 421 In the northern hemisphere... latitudes between about 20° and 66° N. can be found fairly easily by timing the observations of the altitude of Polaris, the Pole Star (α Ursae minoris).

1998 S. Armitage All Points North (1999) 213 The Earth spins round on its axis of rotation, and northward the axis points to a position known as the North Celestial Pole, and Polaris is within one degree of that.

2. A type of submarine-launched ballistic missile designed to carry nuclear warheads, formerly in service with the U.S. and British navies.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > guided or ballistic missile > [noun] > types of

loon1947

seeker1949

Honest John1952

Nike1952

heat-seeker1956

anti-ballistic missile1957

Polaris1957

Pershing1958

SAM1958

cruise missile1959

sea-cat1959

minuteman1961

ABM1963

lance1964

Exocet1970

trident1972

MX missile1973

stinger1975

cruise1976

tomahawk1976

silo buster1977

Euromissile1979

Brilliant Pebbles1988

1957 N.Y. Times 1 Jan. 1/3 The Navy is developing a ballistic missile to be fired from submerged submarines at targets hundreds of miles away, it was disclosed today. The missile is named the Polaris.

1965 New Statesman 14 May 752/1 Last October, The Times felt able to predict with confidence that all Labour would do with Polaris would be to assign it irrevocably to Nato.

1985 Guardian (Nexis) 31 Aug. The SDP wanted a successor to Polaris but the Liberals were opposed to its replacement; the SDP would accept further deployment of cruise missiles, the Liberals would not.

1991 Hist. Workshop Spring 249 We campaigned against Gaitskell, we campaigned against Polaris, we campaigned against the Tories.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1958 Observer 10 Aug. 3/4 Submarines of the Nautilus type equipped with ‘Polaris’ guided missiles could clearly use the Arctic Ocean as a base from which to threaten, with virtual impunity, the northern coasts of Russia.

1965 H. Kahn On Escalation ii. 48 One can conceive of a slow-motion counterforce war lasting for weeks or months during which Polaris submarines are hunted down.

1973 ‘D. Kyle’ Raft of Swords (1974) iii. 18 The Americans developed their Polaris programme very quickly... The Polaris rocket went from design to deployment in one and a half years.

1991 Navy News Oct. 18/1 All our nuclear-powered submarines, including the Polaris force, continue to operate and are maintained in accordance with rigorous safety standards.

C2. Forming adjectives.

Polaris-carrying adj.

ΚΠ

1958 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 22 Jan. 1/2 The committee gave the President every cent..for a missile-defense speedup in the Air Force and Navy, including three Polaris carrying submarines.

1965 World Politics 17 235 The otherwise confusing program for a Multilateral Force (MLF) of Polaris-carrying surface ships has been wholly consistent with this policy.

1996 Scotsman (Nexis) 29 July 1 A R-class Polaris-carrying submarine armed with up to 16 nuclear missiles was diverted to patrol an area in the mid-Atlantic.

Polaris-type adj.

ΚΠ

1958 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 52 749 Nuclear submarines passing under the ice from either side may..discharge Polaris-type missiles with devastating effect.

1984 G. H. Clarfield & W. M. Wiecek Nucl. Amer. ix. 252 This missile force would be supplemented by..a force of from 40 to 47 Polaris-type submarines.

1990 Internat. Security 15 60 The United States also suspended sales of highly enriched uranium to France when it discovered the French were designing a ‘Polaris type’ submarine.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	polaris
释义	Polarisn. Brit. /pəˈlɑːrɪs/, U.S. /pəˈlɛrəs/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin polaris. Etymology: < post-classical Latin polaris (in stella polaris Pole Star: see polar star n.).With use in sense 2 compare:1957 LIFE 21 Jan. 121/1 The code name of the Navy project under which the undersea missile is being developed is Polaris, after the North Star, implying that the new weapon will get some of its guidance from the stars. 1. Astronomy. = Pole Star n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > star > kind of star > giant > [noun] > supergiant > Pole star North Stara1387 polea1398 shipman-star1398 pole arcticc1400 tramontanec1400 transmontane starc1400 pommel1503 sail-star?c1510 Pole Star1555 star?1555 Arctic Pole1565 polar star1578 northern star1590 cynosure1596 Polaris1675 1675 E. Sherburne in tr. M. Manilius Sphere App. 159 (table) Names of the Stars of the several Degrees of Magnitude... Sirius... Polaris... [etc.]. 1770 Philos. Trans. 1769 (Royal Soc.) 59 477 (table) 1769... 8 Feb.... α orionis on the meridian... polaris, ditto, below. 1821 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. (new ed.) I. vii. 37 We are always able, at an assigned time, to state what number of the degrees, minutes and seconds of our instrument, the star Polaris, for instance, is distant from the north pole. 1878 T. Hardy Return of Native I. i. x. 194 The creature [sc. a mallard] brought within him an amplitude of Northern knowledge. Glacial catastrophes, snow-storm episodes, glittering auroral effects, Polaris in the zenith, Franklin underfoot,—the category of his commonplaces was wonderful. 1900 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 13 100 In Yucatan, Polaris was called the North Star, Star of the Shield, Guide of the Merchants. 1950 J. Clendinning Princ. Surv. (1966) ii. xix. 421 In the northern hemisphere... latitudes between about 20° and 66° N. can be found fairly easily by timing the observations of the altitude of Polaris, the Pole Star (α Ursae minoris). 1998 S. Armitage All Points North (1999) 213 The Earth spins round on its axis of rotation, and northward the axis points to a position known as the North Celestial Pole, and Polaris is within one degree of that. 2. A type of submarine-launched ballistic missile designed to carry nuclear warheads, formerly in service with the U.S. and British navies. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > guided or ballistic missile > [noun] > types of loon1947 seeker1949 Honest John1952 Nike1952 heat-seeker1956 anti-ballistic missile1957 Polaris1957 Pershing1958 SAM1958 cruise missile1959 sea-cat1959 minuteman1961 ABM1963 lance1964 Exocet1970 trident1972 MX missile1973 stinger1975 cruise1976 tomahawk1976 silo buster1977 Euromissile1979 Brilliant Pebbles1988 1957 N.Y. Times 1 Jan. 1/3 The Navy is developing a ballistic missile to be fired from submerged submarines at targets hundreds of miles away, it was disclosed today. The missile is named the Polaris. 1965 New Statesman 14 May 752/1 Last October, The Times felt able to predict with confidence that all Labour would do with Polaris would be to assign it irrevocably to Nato. 1985 Guardian (Nexis) 31 Aug. The SDP wanted a successor to Polaris but the Liberals were opposed to its replacement; the SDP would accept further deployment of cruise missiles, the Liberals would not. 1991 Hist. Workshop Spring 249 We campaigned against Gaitskell, we campaigned against Polaris, we campaigned against the Tories. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1958 Observer 10 Aug. 3/4 Submarines of the Nautilus type equipped with ‘Polaris’ guided missiles could clearly use the Arctic Ocean as a base from which to threaten, with virtual impunity, the northern coasts of Russia. 1965 H. Kahn On Escalation ii. 48 One can conceive of a slow-motion counterforce war lasting for weeks or months during which Polaris submarines are hunted down. 1973 ‘D. Kyle’ Raft of Swords (1974) iii. 18 The Americans developed their Polaris programme very quickly... The Polaris rocket went from design to deployment in one and a half years. 1991 Navy News Oct. 18/1 All our nuclear-powered submarines, including the Polaris force, continue to operate and are maintained in accordance with rigorous safety standards. C2. Forming adjectives. Polaris-carrying adj. ΚΠ 1958 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 22 Jan. 1/2 The committee gave the President every cent..for a missile-defense speedup in the Air Force and Navy, including three Polaris carrying submarines. 1965 World Politics 17 235 The otherwise confusing program for a Multilateral Force (MLF) of Polaris-carrying surface ships has been wholly consistent with this policy. 1996 Scotsman (Nexis) 29 July 1 A R-class Polaris-carrying submarine armed with up to 16 nuclear missiles was diverted to patrol an area in the mid-Atlantic. Polaris-type adj. ΚΠ 1958 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 52 749 Nuclear submarines passing under the ice from either side may..discharge Polaris-type missiles with devastating effect. 1984 G. H. Clarfield & W. M. Wiecek Nucl. Amer. ix. 252 This missile force would be supplemented by..a force of from 40 to 47 Polaris-type submarines. 1990 Internat. Security 15 60 The United States also suspended sales of highly enriched uranium to France when it discovered the French were designing a ‘Polaris type’ submarine. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1675
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