plumbern.

Brit.

/ˈplʌmə/, U.S.

/ˈpləmər/

Forms: Middle English plomber, Middle English plomere, Middle English plommer, Middle English plumar, Middle English plumbar, Middle English plumbare, Middle English plumbiner (transmission error), Middle English plummare, Middle English–1600s plomer, Middle English–1700s plumer, Middle English– plumber, Middle English– plummer (now nonstandard), 1500s pllowmar (perhaps transmission error), 1500s plommar, 1500s plumbier, 1500s plumere, 1600s plimmer, 1600s ploomner (perhaps transmission error); also Scottish pre-1700 plumar, pre-1700 plumbar, pre-1700 plumer, pre-1700 plummair, pre-1700 plummar.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French plummer, plommier, plombier.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman plummer, plomner and Middle French plommier, plombier (1266 in Old French as plunmier ; French plombier (also 1973 in sense 3, after English)) < plom , plomb , plum plumb n.¹ + -er , -ier -er suffix². Compare classical Latin plumbārius worker in lead (see plumbary n.), plomerius, plomarius (1286, 1307 respectively in British sources), Old Occitan plombier (Occitan plombièr), Catalan plomer, Italian †piombario (first half of the 14th cent.).Attested much earlier as a surname, probably reflecting the Anglo-Norman word: Godric Plumberre (1102–7), Arnaldus Plumber (1199), Ric. le plumber (1230), etc.

1. Originally: a person who deals with or works in lead. Subsequently: a person who fits or repairs the pipes (originally made of lead), fittings, and other apparatus relating to the water supply, sanitation, heating, etc., for a building.Recorded earliest in plumber house n. at Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > utility service workers > [noun] > plumber

plumber1385

blemmerec1420

leaderc1440

plumstera1500

pipe-fitter1860

sanitary engineer1873

1385–6 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 391 Pro punctura x rod' et dimid. de Wrigthous et le Plomberhous.

1399–1400 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 129 (MED) In salario Willelmi Bettys, plummer, operanti super corpus ecclesiæ.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 406 Plumber, or plomere, plumbarius.

1477 W. Pecock in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 422 Vyncent þe plomere is a nothir þat chal bere þe dawnger.

1548 Act 2 & 3 Edw. VI c. 15 §4 Any..Brick-maker, Tile maker, Plummer or Labourer.

1584 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 17 Item given to the plumer for mendinge the leades, xiij s. iiij d.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. i. sig. C4^v And, early in the morning, will I send To all the Plumbers, and the Peuterers, And buy their Tinne, and Lead vp.

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 47 Sauder, wherewith an unconscionable Plummer can ingrosse his Bill.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Plummer, one that deals, or works in Lead.

1738 E. Purefoy Let. 14 Mar. in G. Eland Purefoy Lett. (1931) II. x. 245 I hope you have not forgot to take the 11 shillings 5 pence three farthings of the plummer, w^ch was due to mee from him for the lead of the Summerhouse.

1798 Boston Directory 24 Brailsford Norton, plumber and glazier, Ann street, house Creek lane.

1847 A. C. Smeaton Builder's Pocket Man. (new ed.) 130 Within the last four years, zinc has been extensively employed instead of lead, and the plumber has undertaken the execution of such works.

1887 Spectator 29 Oct. 1445 All the tradesmen employed, down even to the plumber.

1914 M. Gyte Diary 24 Aug. (1999) 28 Cox's plumber came and mended the soft water cistern and the tap of the other water.

1971 ‘A. Gilbert’ Tenant for Tomb i. 22 The plumber..wanted to install a bright blue bath.

2002 Woodworker's Jrnl. June 74/2 Cordless recip saws have become a must-have tool for plumbers.

2. Military slang. An armourer; an engineering officer.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > engineer officer

plumber1941

1941 D. Masters So Few xix. 224 The plumbers—the name by which the armourers are generally known in the service.

1946 G. Hackforth-Jones Sixteen Bells i. vii. 106 To the average ‘Plumber’ the word Engine is synonomous [sic] with steam.

1962 Flight 11 Nov. 605/2 I am not an engineer (or ‘plumber’, as the Royal Air Force equivalent is unofficially called).

1991 Daily Tel. 25 Jan. 3/5 While the air crews plot their mission, weapons technicians, known locally as ‘plumbers’, prepare the weapons.

3. slang (originally U.S.). A person employed to investigate or prevent ‘leaks’ of information from a government office, department, etc.; a person who installs listening devices as part of a covert surveillance operation.Originally and esp. used of the members of a White House special unit which investigated leaks during the administration of U.S. President Richard M. Nixon (1969–74).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > electronic espionage > [noun] > device > person operating

wiretapper1891

plumber1972

wireman1973

sound-thief1977

1931 L. Steffens Autobiogr. I. 335 ‘I'm out for the guilty party that's got a leak in my office that I can't stop up.’ ‘Well,..why don't you put a detective on the job?’..‘Detective!..Hell! What I need is a plumber.’

1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon i. 31 Long letter from Peter..irritable about being left in Rome, ‘like a plumber, to stop diplomatic leaks’.]

1972 Time 28 Aug. 24/2 The intelligence squad grew out of a team of so-called ‘plumbers’, originally recruited by the Administration to investigate leaks to the media.

1974 Times 9 Jan. 5/6 The investigating magistrate in the case of Le Canard Enchaîné questioned for two hours today a counter-espionage agent who has been allegedly identified as one of the ‘plumbers’ in the attempted bugging of the satirical weekly magazine.

1995 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 9 Mar. His federal Labor ‘mate’ has also been seeing red and called in the Federal Police ‘plumbers’ to ferret out the rabbits leaking sensitive Budget papers not too long ago.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

† plumber house n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1385-6 [see sense 1].

1473–4 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 15 (MED) Item, in the clansyng of the plumar house and store hous, vj d.

plumber work n.

ΚΠ

1639 R. Boyle in A. Grosart Lismore Papers (1886) V. 82 For..worckmanship of my plump cestern..and all other demaunds for the plomer worcks.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 195 Of the specifications of plumber-work..done after the carpentry.

1927 Times 16 Sept. 21/7 (advt.) House fitted with electric light..; plumber work all renewed last year.

C2. Compounds with plumber's or plumbers'.

plumber's butt n. colloquial (originally North American) = plumber's crack n.

ΚΠ

1990 San Francisco Chron. 5 Oct. b6/1 I may, occasionally, be guilty of plumber's butt, but only when I am actually plumbing.

2004 Rock & Ice Jan. 46/2 The uni-suit design prevents ‘plumber's butt’, and wears cleanly under a hip belt or harness.

plumber's crack n. colloquial (originally North American) the top of the buttocks and the cleft between them, as revealed when a person bends over or crouches down, or by low-cut or ill-fitting trousers; cf. builder's bum at builder n. Compounds 1a.

ΚΠ

1992 Seattle Times 22 June b1/5 A giant rhinestone fashion show of painted-on pants and plumber's cracks.

2003 Brandweek 29 Sept. 26/1 The now haute hot ‘butt cleavage’ was still derided as ‘plumber's crack’.

plumber's force-pump n. = plumber's friend n.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1750/2 Plumber's force-pump, a pump used by plumbers for testing pipe or withdrawing obstacles from a gorged pipe.

1955 Waukesha (Wisconsin) Daily Freeman 1 July A basic home tool chest should contain light and heavy screwdrivers,..plumber's force pump, adjustable wrench, [etc.].

plumber's friend n. (also plumbers' friend) a plunger used to remove obstructions from water pipes, etc.

ΚΠ

1894 James B. Clow Catal. 435/1 Plumber's Friend Force Cup.

1901 Anaconda (Montana) Standard 29 Sept. 14/7 (advt.) A few suggestions all at sacrifice prices. Plumbers' friend. Coat hangers [etc.].

1991 M. Kenyon Kleinberg i. ii. 23 The crest comprises a plumber's friend encircled by a drain snake and crossed by a Stillson wrench.

plumber's furnace n. (also plumbers' furnace) now historical a portable furnace used by plumbers to melt lead, for soldering, etc.

ΚΠ

1765 T. H. Croker et al. Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. at Furnace Plumber's Furnace is a receptacle for the melting of their metal for casting sheet lead.

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 695/1 Plumbers' furnace, a portable soldering furnace.

2001 C. H. Wendel Encycl. Antique Tools & Machinery 174/1 When used with a plumber's furnace, the Thawing Steamer of 1890 could be used for thawing frozen water pipes.

plumber's snake n. (also plumbers' snake) originally U.S. a length of stiff but flexible metal cable which may be forced round bends in pipes, as when unblocking drains, etc.

ΚΠ

1942 Chicago Sunday Tribune 26 Apr. vi. 6/1 When drains are sluggish and slow there are commercial preparations for clearing them up..and also handy ‘plumbers' snakes’.

1947 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 11 Aug. 26/2 After you've gone as far as you can with the spoon, try some wire or a plumber's snake.

1995 Ottawa Citizen 22 Apr. (Homes section) 3 Use the hose or a plumber's snake to shift the blockage, then install a leaf strainer at the top of the downspout.

Derivatives

† plumbership n. Obsolete rare the position or office of plumber.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > position or job > [noun] > position or office of specific workers

plumbership1455

portership1521

clerkship1531

factorshipc1550

pavership1597

mastership1688

private secretaryship1789

writership1810

taskmastership1815

factoryship1836

engineership1839

foremanship1853

improvership1864

call boy1877

gaffership1895

producership1924

operatorship1934

1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 316/2 Thoffice of Plummership of the Castels of Carnarvan, Beaumares, and Hardlagh.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	plumber
释义	plumbern. Brit. /ˈplʌmə/, U.S. /ˈpləmər/ Forms: Middle English plomber, Middle English plomere, Middle English plommer, Middle English plumar, Middle English plumbar, Middle English plumbare, Middle English plumbiner (transmission error), Middle English plummare, Middle English–1600s plomer, Middle English–1700s plumer, Middle English– plumber, Middle English– plummer (now nonstandard), 1500s pllowmar (perhaps transmission error), 1500s plommar, 1500s plumbier, 1500s plumere, 1600s plimmer, 1600s ploomner (perhaps transmission error); also Scottish pre-1700 plumar, pre-1700 plumbar, pre-1700 plumer, pre-1700 plummair, pre-1700 plummar. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French plummer, plommier, plombier. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman plummer, plomner and Middle French plommier, plombier (1266 in Old French as plunmier ; French plombier (also 1973 in sense 3, after English)) < plom , plomb , plum plumb n.¹ + -er , -ier -er suffix². Compare classical Latin plumbārius worker in lead (see plumbary n.), plomerius, plomarius (1286, 1307 respectively in British sources), Old Occitan plombier (Occitan plombièr), Catalan plomer, Italian †piombario (first half of the 14th cent.).Attested much earlier as a surname, probably reflecting the Anglo-Norman word: Godric Plumberre (1102–7), Arnaldus Plumber (1199), Ric. le plumber (1230), etc. 1. Originally: a person who deals with or works in lead. Subsequently: a person who fits or repairs the pipes (originally made of lead), fittings, and other apparatus relating to the water supply, sanitation, heating, etc., for a building.Recorded earliest in plumber house n. at Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > utility service workers > [noun] > plumber plumber1385 blemmerec1420 leaderc1440 plumstera1500 pipe-fitter1860 sanitary engineer1873 1385–6 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 391 Pro punctura x rod' et dimid. de Wrigthous et le Plomberhous. 1399–1400 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 129 (MED) In salario Willelmi Bettys, plummer, operanti super corpus ecclesiæ. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 406 Plumber, or plomere, plumbarius. 1477 W. Pecock in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 422 Vyncent þe plomere is a nothir þat chal bere þe dawnger. 1548 Act 2 & 3 Edw. VI c. 15 §4 Any..Brick-maker, Tile maker, Plummer or Labourer. 1584 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 17 Item given to the plumer for mendinge the leades, xiij s. iiij d. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. i. sig. C4^v And, early in the morning, will I send To all the Plumbers, and the Peuterers, And buy their Tinne, and Lead vp. View more context for this quotation 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 47 Sauder, wherewith an unconscionable Plummer can ingrosse his Bill. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Plummer, one that deals, or works in Lead. 1738 E. Purefoy Let. 14 Mar. in G. Eland Purefoy Lett. (1931) II. x. 245 I hope you have not forgot to take the 11 shillings 5 pence three farthings of the plummer, w^ch was due to mee from him for the lead of the Summerhouse. 1798 Boston Directory 24 Brailsford Norton, plumber and glazier, Ann street, house Creek lane. 1847 A. C. Smeaton Builder's Pocket Man. (new ed.) 130 Within the last four years, zinc has been extensively employed instead of lead, and the plumber has undertaken the execution of such works. 1887 Spectator 29 Oct. 1445 All the tradesmen employed, down even to the plumber. 1914 M. Gyte Diary 24 Aug. (1999) 28 Cox's plumber came and mended the soft water cistern and the tap of the other water. 1971 ‘A. Gilbert’ Tenant for Tomb i. 22 The plumber..wanted to install a bright blue bath. 2002 Woodworker's Jrnl. June 74/2 Cordless recip saws have become a must-have tool for plumbers. 2. Military slang. An armourer; an engineering officer. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > engineer officer plumber1941 1941 D. Masters So Few xix. 224 The plumbers—the name by which the armourers are generally known in the service. 1946 G. Hackforth-Jones Sixteen Bells i. vii. 106 To the average ‘Plumber’ the word Engine is synonomous [sic] with steam. 1962 Flight 11 Nov. 605/2 I am not an engineer (or ‘plumber’, as the Royal Air Force equivalent is unofficially called). 1991 Daily Tel. 25 Jan. 3/5 While the air crews plot their mission, weapons technicians, known locally as ‘plumbers’, prepare the weapons. 3. slang (originally U.S.). A person employed to investigate or prevent ‘leaks’ of information from a government office, department, etc.; a person who installs listening devices as part of a covert surveillance operation.Originally and esp. used of the members of a White House special unit which investigated leaks during the administration of U.S. President Richard M. Nixon (1969–74). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > electronic espionage > [noun] > device > person operating wiretapper1891 plumber1972 wireman1973 sound-thief1977 1931 L. Steffens Autobiogr. I. 335 ‘I'm out for the guilty party that's got a leak in my office that I can't stop up.’ ‘Well,..why don't you put a detective on the job?’..‘Detective!..Hell! What I need is a plumber.’ 1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon i. 31 Long letter from Peter..irritable about being left in Rome, ‘like a plumber, to stop diplomatic leaks’.] 1972 Time 28 Aug. 24/2 The intelligence squad grew out of a team of so-called ‘plumbers’, originally recruited by the Administration to investigate leaks to the media. 1974 Times 9 Jan. 5/6 The investigating magistrate in the case of Le Canard Enchaîné questioned for two hours today a counter-espionage agent who has been allegedly identified as one of the ‘plumbers’ in the attempted bugging of the satirical weekly magazine. 1995 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 9 Mar. His federal Labor ‘mate’ has also been seeing red and called in the Federal Police ‘plumbers’ to ferret out the rabbits leaking sensitive Budget papers not too long ago. Compounds C1. General attributive. † plumber house n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1385-6 [see sense 1]. 1473–4 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 15 (MED) Item, in the clansyng of the plumar house and store hous, vj d. plumber work n. ΚΠ 1639 R. Boyle in A. Grosart Lismore Papers (1886) V. 82 For..worckmanship of my plump cestern..and all other demaunds for the plomer worcks. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 195 Of the specifications of plumber-work..done after the carpentry. 1927 Times 16 Sept. 21/7 (advt.) House fitted with electric light..; plumber work all renewed last year. C2. Compounds with plumber's or plumbers'. plumber's butt n. colloquial (originally North American) = plumber's crack n. ΚΠ 1990 San Francisco Chron. 5 Oct. b6/1 I may, occasionally, be guilty of plumber's butt, but only when I am actually plumbing. 2004 Rock & Ice Jan. 46/2 The uni-suit design prevents ‘plumber's butt’, and wears cleanly under a hip belt or harness. plumber's crack n. colloquial (originally North American) the top of the buttocks and the cleft between them, as revealed when a person bends over or crouches down, or by low-cut or ill-fitting trousers; cf. builder's bum at builder n. Compounds 1a. ΚΠ 1992 Seattle Times 22 June b1/5 A giant rhinestone fashion show of painted-on pants and plumber's cracks. 2003 Brandweek 29 Sept. 26/1 The now haute hot ‘butt cleavage’ was still derided as ‘plumber's crack’. plumber's force-pump n. = plumber's friend n. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1750/2 Plumber's force-pump, a pump used by plumbers for testing pipe or withdrawing obstacles from a gorged pipe. 1955 Waukesha (Wisconsin) Daily Freeman 1 July A basic home tool chest should contain light and heavy screwdrivers,..plumber's force pump, adjustable wrench, [etc.]. plumber's friend n. (also plumbers' friend) a plunger used to remove obstructions from water pipes, etc. ΚΠ 1894 James B. Clow Catal. 435/1 Plumber's Friend Force Cup. 1901 Anaconda (Montana) Standard 29 Sept. 14/7 (advt.) A few suggestions all at sacrifice prices. Plumbers' friend. Coat hangers [etc.]. 1991 M. Kenyon Kleinberg i. ii. 23 The crest comprises a plumber's friend encircled by a drain snake and crossed by a Stillson wrench. plumber's furnace n. (also plumbers' furnace) now historical a portable furnace used by plumbers to melt lead, for soldering, etc. ΚΠ 1765 T. H. Croker et al. Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. at Furnace Plumber's Furnace is a receptacle for the melting of their metal for casting sheet lead. a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 695/1 Plumbers' furnace, a portable soldering furnace. 2001 C. H. Wendel Encycl. Antique Tools & Machinery 174/1 When used with a plumber's furnace, the Thawing Steamer of 1890 could be used for thawing frozen water pipes. plumber's snake n. (also plumbers' snake) originally U.S. a length of stiff but flexible metal cable which may be forced round bends in pipes, as when unblocking drains, etc. ΚΠ 1942 Chicago Sunday Tribune 26 Apr. vi. 6/1 When drains are sluggish and slow there are commercial preparations for clearing them up..and also handy ‘plumbers' snakes’. 1947 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 11 Aug. 26/2 After you've gone as far as you can with the spoon, try some wire or a plumber's snake. 1995 Ottawa Citizen 22 Apr. (Homes section) 3 Use the hose or a plumber's snake to shift the blockage, then install a leaf strainer at the top of the downspout. Derivatives † plumbership n. Obsolete rare the position or office of plumber. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > position or job > [noun] > position or office of specific workers plumbership1455 portership1521 clerkship1531 factorshipc1550 pavership1597 mastership1688 private secretaryship1789 writership1810 taskmastership1815 factoryship1836 engineership1839 foremanship1853 improvership1864 call boy1877 gaffership1895 producership1924 operatorship1934 1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 316/2 Thoffice of Plummership of the Castels of Carnarvan, Beaumares, and Hardlagh. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1385
随便看	emoticons emoting emotion emotion marker emotion reaction emotion-arousing emotion-charged emotion-laden emotion-provoking emotion-shaken emotionable emotional emotional baggage emotional blackmail emotional brain emotional incontinence emotional intelligence emotional intelligence quotient emotional memory emotional quotient emotional rollercoaster emotional support emotional support animal emotional support dog emotionalise