politenessn.

Brit.

/pəˈlʌɪtnᵻs/, U.S.

/pəˈlaɪtnᵻs/

Forms: see polite adj. and -ness suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: polite adj., -ness suffix.

Etymology: < polite adj. + -ness suffix. Compare earlier polishedness n., and later politesse n.

†1. Intellectual refinement; polish, elegance, good taste. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] > polite learning, culture

civility1557

furniture1560

politeness1627

ingenuitya1661

culturea1677

improvement1711

cultivation1797

sophistication1850

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > elegance > [noun]

facunda1340

rhetoricc1405

elegancy?a1475

elegance?1504

facundity1530

grace1530

festivity1542

roundness1557

concinnity1577

style1589

comptness1611

politeness1627

concinneness1655

speakingness1851

style1851

daintiness1878

yugen1921

simplex munditiis1933

1627 I. H. tr. P. Aretino Paraphrase Seaven Psalmes 31 Let them glory to become disdeigners of politenes, ouer-nicenes of their scarlet, of their treasure, of their armies, of their Citties, and of their Crownes.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 52 The politenesse of the Character, & Editions of what he has publish'd.

1667 in K. Philips Poems Pref. sig. a1^v Those, or others that shall be judged so, may be excused by the politeness of the rest which have more of her true spirit, and of her diligence.

1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 215 The Elegance and Politeness of the Stile of it.

1768 D. Hume Civil Liberty in Ess. xi. 51 Dresden, not Hamburgh, is the centre of politeness in Germany.

1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. i. 102 In politeness of Latin style..we find an astonishing and permanent decline both in France and England.

†2. Polish, smoothness of surface. Cf. polite adj. 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [noun] > polished or glossy smoothness

politure1592

politeness1638

glaze1791

1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 31 Smoothnesse, and Politenesse of Bodies.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. iii. 47 Glasse is clear from its politenesse.

1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 170 As to the Politeness of Stones, it may be effected by Collision, and Grinding.

a. Courtesy, good manners, behaviour that is respectful or considerate of others. Also: †a mock title of respect (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [noun] > good manners or polite behaviour > polish or refinement of manners

urbanityc1475

policya1522

gesture1580

politure1593

polishedness1594

facetiousness1644

politeness1655

politesse1683

refinement1704

refinedness1711

polish1713

tournure1748

smoothness1832

1655 R. Flecknoe Love's Dominion Pref. sig. A5 Devotion..cleaving not, nor sticking to rough and unpolish'd minds, unlesse they be first prepared with politeness of manners..for the receiving it.

1695 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. (new ed.) §94. 162 Politeness of Manners, and Knowledge of the World should principally be look'd after in a Tutor.

1702 Eng. Theophrastus 108 Politeness may be defined a dextrous management of our Words and Actions whereby we make other people have better Opinion of us and themselves.

1735 J. Thomson Let. 20 Oct. in Sotheby's Catal. 19–22 Feb. (1896) 87 The gallant French this year have made war upon the Germans (I beg their Politeness's Pardon) like vermin—eat them up.

1778 F. Burney Let. 21 Aug. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1994) III. 90 Such a fine varnish of low politeness!—such a struggle to appear a Gentleman!

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 55 Real politeness only teaches us, to save others from unnecessary pain.

1822 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 5 Jan. 1/2 If possessed of truly good qualities, the practice of politeness will give them additional lustre, and render them doubly useful.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xi. 188 Politeness is the ritual of society, as prayers are of the church.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 199 If politeness would allow me I should say, You be.

1914 S. Lewis Our Mr. Wrenn viii. 97 With embarrassed politeness he glanced away from her as she threw back her head and inhaled deeply.

1948 Time 30 Aug. 72 Linda's creamily venomous politeness at small-town parties.

1997 When Saturday Comes Jan. 37/1 People work side-by-side for years, maybe decades, without ever getting beyond the phatic communicative level of basic politeness.

b. In plural. Polite actions or expressions; courtesies; spec. formal courtesies exchanged on meeting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun]

gentilessea1413

courtesya1475

humanitya1533

urbanities1630

courtship1631

civility1645

gallantry1673

complaisance1710

politeness1720

complacency1749

attention1752

customary1756

sensibility1795

personality1811

amenity1826

suavities1852

1720 E. Lloyd tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia II. xi. 136 One of their Politenesses in Discourse, is to speak always in the Third Person.

1795 D. Campbell Journey over Land to India xiv. 86 After kissing His Holiness' toe, and a thousand other pretty politenesses, sent him back to Rome again with his finger in his mouth.

1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. iii. 48 The mere little innocent gallantries and politenesses likely to pass between any young gentleman and young lady so thrown together.

1887 J. P. Mahaffy Greek Life & Thought iv. 52 The authenticity of those politenesses between Cineas and the [Roman] senate, of which Plutarch and the world have made such capital, cannot but be suspicious.

1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xvii. 150 Luckily it was Helen's aura, not mine, and she had to chaperone it and do the politenesses.

a1944 K. Douglas Alamein to Zem Zem (1946) i. 12 After a few more politenesses, I went to find Andrew.

2004 R. Stewart Places in Between (2006) 151 I rapidly spoke over his words, saying, ‘Jur hastid? Sahat-e-shoma khub ast? Khane kheirat ast? Zinde bashi..,’ and other politenesses.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	politeness
释义	politenessn. Brit. /pəˈlʌɪtnᵻs/, U.S. /pəˈlaɪtnᵻs/ Forms: see polite adj. and -ness suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: polite adj., -ness suffix. Etymology: < polite adj. + -ness suffix. Compare earlier polishedness n., and later politesse n. †1. Intellectual refinement; polish, elegance, good taste. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] > polite learning, culture civility1557 furniture1560 politeness1627 ingenuitya1661 culturea1677 improvement1711 cultivation1797 sophistication1850 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > elegance > [noun] facunda1340 rhetoricc1405 elegancy?a1475 elegance?1504 facundity1530 grace1530 festivity1542 roundness1557 concinnity1577 style1589 comptness1611 politeness1627 concinneness1655 speakingness1851 style1851 daintiness1878 yugen1921 simplex munditiis1933 1627 I. H. tr. P. Aretino Paraphrase Seaven Psalmes 31 Let them glory to become disdeigners of politenes, ouer-nicenes of their scarlet, of their treasure, of their armies, of their Citties, and of their Crownes. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 52 The politenesse of the Character, & Editions of what he has publish'd. 1667 in K. Philips Poems Pref. sig. a1^v Those, or others that shall be judged so, may be excused by the politeness of the rest which have more of her true spirit, and of her diligence. 1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 215 The Elegance and Politeness of the Stile of it. 1768 D. Hume Civil Liberty in Ess. xi. 51 Dresden, not Hamburgh, is the centre of politeness in Germany. 1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. i. 102 In politeness of Latin style..we find an astonishing and permanent decline both in France and England. †2. Polish, smoothness of surface. Cf. polite adj. 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [noun] > polished or glossy smoothness politure1592 politeness1638 glaze1791 1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 31 Smoothnesse, and Politenesse of Bodies. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. iii. 47 Glasse is clear from its politenesse. 1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 170 As to the Politeness of Stones, it may be effected by Collision, and Grinding. 3. a. Courtesy, good manners, behaviour that is respectful or considerate of others. Also: †a mock title of respect (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [noun] > good manners or polite behaviour > polish or refinement of manners urbanityc1475 policya1522 gesture1580 politure1593 polishedness1594 facetiousness1644 politeness1655 politesse1683 refinement1704 refinedness1711 polish1713 tournure1748 smoothness1832 1655 R. Flecknoe Love's Dominion Pref. sig. A5 Devotion..cleaving not, nor sticking to rough and unpolish'd minds, unlesse they be first prepared with politeness of manners..for the receiving it. 1695 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. (new ed.) §94. 162 Politeness of Manners, and Knowledge of the World should principally be look'd after in a Tutor. 1702 Eng. Theophrastus 108 Politeness may be defined a dextrous management of our Words and Actions whereby we make other people have better Opinion of us and themselves. 1735 J. Thomson Let. 20 Oct. in Sotheby's Catal. 19–22 Feb. (1896) 87 The gallant French this year have made war upon the Germans (I beg their Politeness's Pardon) like vermin—eat them up. 1778 F. Burney Let. 21 Aug. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1994) III. 90 Such a fine varnish of low politeness!—such a struggle to appear a Gentleman! 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 55 Real politeness only teaches us, to save others from unnecessary pain. 1822 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 5 Jan. 1/2 If possessed of truly good qualities, the practice of politeness will give them additional lustre, and render them doubly useful. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xi. 188 Politeness is the ritual of society, as prayers are of the church. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 199 If politeness would allow me I should say, You be. 1914 S. Lewis Our Mr. Wrenn viii. 97 With embarrassed politeness he glanced away from her as she threw back her head and inhaled deeply. 1948 Time 30 Aug. 72 Linda's creamily venomous politeness at small-town parties. 1997 When Saturday Comes Jan. 37/1 People work side-by-side for years, maybe decades, without ever getting beyond the phatic communicative level of basic politeness. b. In plural. Polite actions or expressions; courtesies; spec. formal courtesies exchanged on meeting. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] gentilessea1413 courtesya1475 humanitya1533 urbanities1630 courtship1631 civility1645 gallantry1673 complaisance1710 politeness1720 complacency1749 attention1752 customary1756 sensibility1795 personality1811 amenity1826 suavities1852 1720 E. Lloyd tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia II. xi. 136 One of their Politenesses in Discourse, is to speak always in the Third Person. 1795 D. Campbell Journey over Land to India xiv. 86 After kissing His Holiness' toe, and a thousand other pretty politenesses, sent him back to Rome again with his finger in his mouth. 1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. iii. 48 The mere little innocent gallantries and politenesses likely to pass between any young gentleman and young lady so thrown together. 1887 J. P. Mahaffy Greek Life & Thought iv. 52 The authenticity of those politenesses between Cineas and the [Roman] senate, of which Plutarch and the world have made such capital, cannot but be suspicious. 1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xvii. 150 Luckily it was Helen's aura, not mine, and she had to chaperone it and do the politenesses. a1944 K. Douglas Alamein to Zem Zem (1946) i. 12 After a few more politenesses, I went to find Andrew. 2004 R. Stewart Places in Between (2006) 151 I rapidly spoke over his words, saying, ‘Jur hastid? Sahat-e-shoma khub ast? Khane kheirat ast? Zinde bashi..,’ and other politenesses. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1627
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