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单词 polished
释义

polishedadj.

Brit. /ˈpɒlɪʃt/, U.S. /ˈpɑlɪʃt/
Forms: see polish v. and -ed suffix1; also Scottish pre-1700 poliz'd, 1800s polist.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: polish v., -ed suffix1.
Etymology: < polish v. + -ed suffix1.
1.
a. Made smooth (and usually glossy) by friction. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > [adjective]
polisheda1382
dainteousc1386
polite?a1500
delicatea1533
courtly1535
civil1551
court-like1552
well-refined1575
nice1588
perpolite1592
politic1596
soft1599
terse1628
refine1646
refined1650
elegant1652
genteel1678
chastea1797
spirituala1806
aesthetic1844
nicey1859
raffiné1865
nuttish1869
too-tooa1884
sophisticated1895
lavender1928
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > polishing > [adjective]
polisheda1382
forbed1413
furbishedc1430
smeltc1540
nitid1615
neat-polished1729
the world > matter > light > reflection > [adjective] > made reflective or lustrous
ybrent1297
yburnuschtc1330
polisheda1382
burnishedc1400
well-polished1485
glazed1530
slicked1594
glossed1602
nut-brown1609
well-glossed?1611
perpolished1616
varnished1642
reflectorized1932
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials having undergone process > [adjective] > smoothed or polished
polisheda1382
politea1398
burnishedc1400
rubbed?c1425
levigated1578
expolite1592
smoothened1818
the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [adjective] > smooth and polished or glossy > made smooth and polished or glossy
polisheda1382
rubbed?c1425
levigated1578
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Kings vi. 36 He bildide þe porche with inne forth with þre ordres of pulscht [v.r. polshid] stones.
a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) 471 A plate of pulsched gold.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 684 (MED) Þoruȝ þe toun..Of pulsched marbil vp-on strong pilleris Deuised wern..Fresche alures.
a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 347 in Poems (1981) 122 Ane poleist glas.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bviv Throw platis of polist steill.
1563 T. Becon Reliques of Rome (rev. ed.) Pref. sig. ☛.1 That their sonnes..may grow vp as the younge plantes, and that their doughters maye be as the polyshed corners of the temple.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 154 O polisht perturbation! golden care! View more context for this quotation
1670 T. Case Mt. Pisgah i. 8 These early Impressions are polished Jewels, which he hath, of special grace laid up.
1736 T. Gray Let. 8 May in Corr. T. Gray & W. Mason (1853) 3 In dust the polish'd ball he roll'd.
1746 G. Adams Micrographia Illustrata xvii. 69 Mr. Leeuwenhoek counted upwards of 200 Eggs of a blackish Colour and smooth, like polished Glass.
1815 M. Capel Let. 12 June (1955) ii. 106 The Floors..are beautifully inlaid with different woods, & looking like Polished Marble.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xv. 100 The road..lay right over the polished rocks.
1955 Times 29 June 3/5 Mr. Justice Haver in the Queen's Bench Division declared 313 polished diamonds..to have been forfeited.
1997 BBC Vegetarian Good Food Feb. 13/1 Made of quality polished stainless steel with a thermocore base to ensure even heat distribution.
b. Having naturally a smooth, glossy surface.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > reflection > [adjective] > lustrous or shining with reflected light
browna1000
brightOE
cleara1300
slighta1300
burnedc1384
burnishedc1400
orientc1400
orientalc1450
sheeningc1480
refulgenta1500
silken1513
lustrantc1550
glossy1556
crisp1567
lustring1582
shiny1590
of shine1601
glossful1606
lustry1610
lustrousa1616
nitent1616
illustriousa1626
polished1649
lustrious1651
sheeny1673
shining1674
splendy1683
glazy1724
smolt1837
lustreful1843
lustred1858
sheened1920
the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > [adjective] > smooth and polished or glossy
slighta1300
politea1398
well-burnishedc1400
well-polished1485
snod?a1500
sleeked1513
sneith1513
snog1513
sleek1589
enamelled1600
polished1649
slid1719
waxen1722
glazy1724
smolt1837
patent leather1904
smarmy1909
ciré1921
1649 B. Gerbier 1st Lect. Cosmogr. 12 That if it bee asked from whence it proceeded, its from the reflection of the light which is incountred in the shadow of the Earth: for as the Moon is a polished body, [etc.].
1825 Lancet 26 Nov. 309/1 The polished mucous surface glides without the smallest friction over the equally polished globe.
1833 Penny Cycl. I. 76/2 Acer lævigatum, the polished maple.
1901 E. Step Shell Life viii. 125 The Polished Wedge-shell (D[onax] politus) may be at once distinguished from the preceding by the absence of the milling along the inner margins of the valves.
1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs ii. 35 The cowries (Cypraeacea) are not burrowers, but they have a rounded and sometimes smoothly polished shell, covered in life by integument.
2002 Times (Nexis) 21 Sept. (Weekend section) 8 There are pale, twisted seed pods from Clitoria ternatea, a nutmeg still inside its polished shell, [etc.].
c. Of rice: having the outer layers of the grain removed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [adjective] > having husk removed
hulleda1382
mundifiedc1425
unhusked1597
gelded1611
unhulled1656
polished1840
1840 Southern Cabinet Dec. 739 As regards the quality of the polished rice when compared with that prepared by the pestle, I arrived at the conclusions, 1st. That the polisher cleaned the rice more effectively than the pestle [etc.].
1897 Idaho Daily Statesman 8 May 2/2 Germany consumes annually 120,000 tons of polished rice.
1902 Times 6 Mar. 5/3 In the Tariff Bill Committee the duty on polished rice was raised from four to six marks per 100 kilos.
1948 Good Housek. Cookery Bk. ii. 400 The natural rice has rather more flavour and food value than polished rice.
1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) ii. vii. 69/2 Beri-beri is caused by a lack of thiamine in diets based on refined cereals (e.g. polished rice) and lacking in meat.
2. figurative. Refined, cultured, elegant; smooth, performed with skilful ease. Cf. polish v. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [adjective] > well-mannered > polished or refined > of conduct
urbane1659
nice1818
polished1894
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 2939 (MED) Weyue fauel with his polysshid speche.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1093 Noble Chaucer, whos pullisshyd eloquence Oure englysshe rude so fresshely hath set out.
1639 in Hamilton Papers (1880) 100 Grace them with your more perfect and polished expressions.
1707 Ld. Godolphin Let. 28 July in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) II. 863 I am not in despair of a sort of polished up agreement..for the present, which may help to gain time for farther measures in the winter.
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1763 I. 212 [Johnson:] In more polished times there are people to do every thing for money.
1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. vi. 53 I consider it as one of the first refinements of polished societies. View more context for this quotation
1894 Ld. Wolseley Life Marlborough I. 239 Charles..liked his polished manners.
1978 S. Brill Teamsters vi. 200 He is more polished than his Teamsters friends.
1995 Guardian 1 Dec. (Friday Review section) 20/2 Jungle music's first true superstar brand of polished drum'n'bass took urban tension to the sleepy suburbs.

Compounds

polished cotton n. a glazed cotton fabric having a glossy appearance.
ΚΠ
1900 Los Angeles Times 26 Jan. 8/4 ‘Polished’ cotton, ‘Mercerized’ cotton, and Pandura ‘silk’ made of gelatine thread have struggled for recognition in the market.
1959 Times 20 Apr. 13/2 Other good fabrics in the shops include a polished cotton made by Old Glamis, a pen and wash drawing of roses in pinks and tawny browns, [etc.].
1999 Time Out N.Y. 10 June 37/1 The spring collection includes polished cotton capri pants in tawny yellow and periwinkle ($80) and ‘crinkle maxiskirts’ with adjustable strings.

Derivatives

ˈpolishedly adv.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > [adverb]
nicelyc1450
polishedly1594
tersely1600
politely1624
refinedly1645
elegantly1728
spirituelly1825
sophisticatedly1956
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [adverb] > in a well-mannered way > in a refined or polished manner
cunninglyc1385
refinedly1645
politely1748
urbanely1789
polishedly1889
1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits ix. 121 He could not..deliuer his mind in them polishedly.
1762 P. Pineda Short & Compendious Meth. (ed. 3) 217 Pulidamente, this adverb comes from pulir, to polish; so that if the word may be allowed it is polishedly.
1889 A. C. Gunter That Frenchman! ix. 107 Polishedly polite to his equals.
1986 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 10 May The Genova Trio swung polishedly and cohesively in I Feel Pretty, representative of its several uptempo numbers.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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