Polandn.¹

Brit.

/ˈpəʊlənd/, U.S.

/ˈpoʊlən(d)/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Poland.

Etymology: < Poland (Polish Polska ), the name of a country in central Europe with a coastline on the Baltic Sea, bordered by Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, and Lithuania < Pole n.³ + land n.¹Compare the following earlier attestations of the name of the country in form Poleland (and compare also notes at Pole n.³, Polan n.):1564 Briefe Exam. sig. D. iv O woulde to God the state of the Churches of..Poleland were brought to this poynte.1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 17 The Bridges of Poleland. The origin of sense 5 and of Poland fowl n. at sense 2a (and likewise Polish fowl n. at Polish n.¹ and adj. Compounds) is unclear; in spite of the connection with Holland in quot. 1815 for Poland fowl n., the explanation offered in quot. 1868 for Poland fowl n. seems very unlikely.

I. Compounds.

a. Poland oat n. (also Poland oats) a variety of cultivated oat, Avena sativa (cf. Polish oat n. at Polish n.¹ and adj. Compounds).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > oats > the oat plant or variety of the oat

oateOE

purr oats1578

skeg1598

Polish oat1669

Poland oat1683

Poland1692

potato oats1801

swine-oat1819

fatuoid1922

1683 J. Houghton 11 Dec. in Husbandry & Trade Improv'd (1728) IV. 295 Do you sow any blue-oats, naked-oats, bearded-oats of North Wales, Poland oats?

1787 G. Washington Diaries III. 176 Began to sow Poland Oats with orchard and Timothy grass seeds.

1870 H. G. Davis Jrnl. 5 May in C. M. Pepper Life & Times Henry Gassaway Davis (1920) x. 155 The last sowed was Poland oats, near the barn.

1924 H. Hunter Oats iii. 24 In Yellow Poland oat..the sheath passes into a leaf blade without a distinct junction.

b. Poland wheat n. now rare = Polish wheat n. at Polish n.¹ and adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > wheat > types of wheat grain or plant

spelta1000

farc1420

ador?1440

flaxen wheat?1523

Peak-wheat?1523

red wheat?1523

white wheat?1523

duck-bill wheat1553

zea1562

alica1565

buck1577

amelcorn1578

horse-flower1578

tiphe1578

pollard1580

rivet1580

Saracen's corn1585

French wheat1593

Lammas-wheat1594

starch corn1597

St. Peter's corn1597

frumenty1600

secourgeon1600

polwheat1601

duck-wheat1611

kidneys of wheat1611

ograve wheat1616

soft wheat1640

cone-wheat1677

Lammas1677

Poland wheat1686

Saracen corn1687

pole rivet1707

Smyrna wheat1735

hard wheat1757

hen corn1765

velvet wheat1771

white straw1771

nonpareil1805

thick-set wheat1808

cone1826

farro1828

Polish wheat1832

velvet-ear wheat1837

sarrasin1840

mummy wheat1842

snowdrop1844

Red Fife1857

flint-wheat1859

dinkel1866

thick-set1875

spring1884

macaroni wheat1901

einkorn1904

marquis1906

durum1908

emmer1908

hedgehog wheat1909

speltoid1939

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ix. 342 White-Lammas or Poland-wheat.

1849 Commerc. Rev. South & West Aug. 158 Flour from the samples of Poland wheat..yielded comparatively small proportions of gluten.

1907 H. de Vries Plant-breeding ii. 30 (caption) Poland wheat (Triticum polonicum).

c. Poland manna n. see manna n.¹ 6.

a. Poland fowl n. = sense 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [noun] > types of > Poland fowl

Poland1750

Polander1815

Poland fowl1815

Poland breed1840

Polish fowl1850

Polish1855

Pole1885

1815 ‘B. Moubray’ Domest. Poultry iii. 19 The Poland fowls, as they are generally called, were chiefly imported from Holland.

1868 Littell's Living Age 1 Aug. 315/1 The Poland fowl excels as a layer. It derives its name not from Poland, but from Holland, the designation being simply a vulgar rendering of Poulet Hollandois.

1939 A. L. Hagedoorn Animal Breeding xvii. 120 Many breeds of domestic animals..have been in-bred so intensively that they are very pure. I am thinking of the white-crested Poland fowl [etc.].

b. Poland breed n. a breed of domestic fowl, the Poland (see sense 5).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [noun] > types of > Poland fowl

Poland1750

Polander1815

Poland fowl1815

Poland breed1840

Polish fowl1850

Polish1855

Pole1885

1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 476/2 The Poland breed, which is black-feathered, with white topknots, lays well.

1890 Sandusky (Ohio) Daily Reg. 14 Mar. The chickens are of the Poland breed.

3. Poland China n. a North American breed of large domestic swine, usually black or predominantly so with some white markings, esp. on the nose, feet, and tail; a pig of this breed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > specific breeds

purr?1577

Hampshirea1661

Shropshire1768

tun-back1776

Berkshire1810

Suffolk1831

China hog1838

Essex pig1838

Narragansett1852

Cumberland1860

Neapolitan1860

Tamworth1860

hazel splitter1866

Poland China1869

Duroc1872

Large Black1906

Lincolnshire Curly-Coat1917

saddleback1919

landrace1935

micropig1985

1869 Daily Gaz. (Davenport, Iowa) 13 Oct. 1/3 The question is frequently asked ‘What makes or constitutes the Poland China or Magie hogs’. They were produced from four pure and distinct breeds of Hogs.

1884 W. Crozier How Farm Pays 202 The Poland-China..is quite popular in the West, where pork growing is one of the most prominent industries of the farm.

1997 J. Moore Never eat your Heart Out 50 They grabbed up bits of the Poland China's black-and-white skin.

II. Simple uses.

4. = Poland oat n. at sense 1a. Formerly also: †= Poland wheat n. at sense 1b (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > oats > the oat plant or variety of the oat

oateOE

purr oats1578

skeg1598

Polish oat1669

Poland oat1683

Poland1692

potato oats1801

swine-oat1819

fatuoid1922

1692 W. Sampson Rector's Bk., Clayworth 17 Aug. (1910) 100 My serv^t this harvest bro't me in a strang ear of wheat, but I soon discovered it to be y^e heavy husked great Poland.

1799 A. Young Gen. View Agric. County Lincoln 117 Oat seed, six bushels of Poland, 5 of short small.

1801 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 350 This kind of oats [sc. potato oat] is spreading fast over all the southern counties of Scotland, and threatens to supplant the Polands upon the fertile soils.

1877 Times 1 May 6/2 Oats experienced a ready sale, best Polands fetching from 30s. to 34s.

1948 G. D. H. Bell Cultivated Plants Farm x. 87 The development of improved varieties of oats in this country is generally considered to have started with the introduction of a variety called Poland in the early part of the eighteenth century. Various selections were made from this variety, one of the best known being Tam Finlay.

5. A breed of domestic fowl, having a large rounded topknot that often envelops the head; a bird of this breed; = Polish fowl n. at Polish n.¹ and adj. Compounds.Quot. 1750 may represent an attributive use (cf. Poland fowl n. at sense 2a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [noun] > types of > Poland fowl

Poland1750

Polander1815

Poland fowl1815

Poland breed1840

Polish fowl1850

Polish1855

Pole1885

1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Family Compan. 153 I can't say our Dunghill Fowls exceed all others, for there are excellent Sorts of the Poland, the Hamburgh, and the Darking Dunghill Fowls.

1850 D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yard 56 The newly-hatched chicks are grey, much resembling those of the silver Polands.

1871 W. M. Lewis People's Pract. Poultry Bk. 23 The Brahma, Cochin, Leghorn, Poland, and Houdan stand relatively in the position here named [as egg-layers].

1912 J. H. Robinson Princ. & Pract. of Poultry Culture xxi. 375 For a long time after their introduction into England, Polish were called Polands or Polanders.

1978 Country Life 13 Apr. 957/3 The dizzy erratic Poland cockerel whose dropping top-knot always made him wander about..colliding with things.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	poland
释义	Polandn.¹ Brit. /ˈpəʊlənd/, U.S. /ˈpoʊlən(d)/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Poland. Etymology: < Poland (Polish Polska ), the name of a country in central Europe with a coastline on the Baltic Sea, bordered by Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, and Lithuania < Pole n.³ + land n.¹Compare the following earlier attestations of the name of the country in form Poleland (and compare also notes at Pole n.³, Polan n.):1564 Briefe Exam. sig. D. iv O woulde to God the state of the Churches of..Poleland were brought to this poynte.1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 17 The Bridges of Poleland. The origin of sense 5 and of Poland fowl n. at sense 2a (and likewise Polish fowl n. at Polish n.¹ and adj. Compounds) is unclear; in spite of the connection with Holland in quot. 1815 for Poland fowl n., the explanation offered in quot. 1868 for Poland fowl n. seems very unlikely. I. Compounds. 1. a. Poland oat n. (also Poland oats) a variety of cultivated oat, Avena sativa (cf. Polish oat n. at Polish n.¹ and adj. Compounds). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > oats > the oat plant or variety of the oat oateOE purr oats1578 skeg1598 Polish oat1669 Poland oat1683 Poland1692 potato oats1801 swine-oat1819 fatuoid1922 1683 J. Houghton 11 Dec. in Husbandry & Trade Improv'd (1728) IV. 295 Do you sow any blue-oats, naked-oats, bearded-oats of North Wales, Poland oats? 1787 G. Washington Diaries III. 176 Began to sow Poland Oats with orchard and Timothy grass seeds. 1870 H. G. Davis Jrnl. 5 May in C. M. Pepper Life & Times Henry Gassaway Davis (1920) x. 155 The last sowed was Poland oats, near the barn. 1924 H. Hunter Oats iii. 24 In Yellow Poland oat..the sheath passes into a leaf blade without a distinct junction. b. Poland wheat n. now rare = Polish wheat n. at Polish n.¹ and adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > wheat > types of wheat grain or plant spelta1000 farc1420 ador?1440 flaxen wheat?1523 Peak-wheat?1523 red wheat?1523 white wheat?1523 duck-bill wheat1553 zea1562 alica1565 buck1577 amelcorn1578 horse-flower1578 tiphe1578 pollard1580 rivet1580 Saracen's corn1585 French wheat1593 Lammas-wheat1594 starch corn1597 St. Peter's corn1597 frumenty1600 secourgeon1600 polwheat1601 duck-wheat1611 kidneys of wheat1611 ograve wheat1616 soft wheat1640 cone-wheat1677 Lammas1677 Poland wheat1686 Saracen corn1687 pole rivet1707 Smyrna wheat1735 hard wheat1757 hen corn1765 velvet wheat1771 white straw1771 nonpareil1805 thick-set wheat1808 cone1826 farro1828 Polish wheat1832 velvet-ear wheat1837 sarrasin1840 mummy wheat1842 snowdrop1844 Red Fife1857 flint-wheat1859 dinkel1866 thick-set1875 spring1884 macaroni wheat1901 einkorn1904 marquis1906 durum1908 emmer1908 hedgehog wheat1909 speltoid1939 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ix. 342 White-Lammas or Poland-wheat. 1849 Commerc. Rev. South & West Aug. 158 Flour from the samples of Poland wheat..yielded comparatively small proportions of gluten. 1907 H. de Vries Plant-breeding ii. 30 (caption) Poland wheat (Triticum polonicum). c. Poland manna n. see manna n.¹ 6. 2. a. Poland fowl n. = sense 5. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [noun] > types of > Poland fowl Poland1750 Polander1815 Poland fowl1815 Poland breed1840 Polish fowl1850 Polish1855 Pole1885 1815 ‘B. Moubray’ Domest. Poultry iii. 19 The Poland fowls, as they are generally called, were chiefly imported from Holland. 1868 Littell's Living Age 1 Aug. 315/1 The Poland fowl excels as a layer. It derives its name not from Poland, but from Holland, the designation being simply a vulgar rendering of Poulet Hollandois. 1939 A. L. Hagedoorn Animal Breeding xvii. 120 Many breeds of domestic animals..have been in-bred so intensively that they are very pure. I am thinking of the white-crested Poland fowl [etc.]. b. Poland breed n. a breed of domestic fowl, the Poland (see sense 5). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [noun] > types of > Poland fowl Poland1750 Polander1815 Poland fowl1815 Poland breed1840 Polish fowl1850 Polish1855 Pole1885 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 476/2 The Poland breed, which is black-feathered, with white topknots, lays well. 1890 Sandusky (Ohio) Daily Reg. 14 Mar. The chickens are of the Poland breed. 3. Poland China n. a North American breed of large domestic swine, usually black or predominantly so with some white markings, esp. on the nose, feet, and tail; a pig of this breed. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > specific breeds purr?1577 Hampshirea1661 Shropshire1768 tun-back1776 Berkshire1810 Suffolk1831 China hog1838 Essex pig1838 Narragansett1852 Cumberland1860 Neapolitan1860 Tamworth1860 hazel splitter1866 Poland China1869 Duroc1872 Large Black1906 Lincolnshire Curly-Coat1917 saddleback1919 landrace1935 micropig1985 1869 Daily Gaz. (Davenport, Iowa) 13 Oct. 1/3 The question is frequently asked ‘What makes or constitutes the Poland China or Magie hogs’. They were produced from four pure and distinct breeds of Hogs. 1884 W. Crozier How Farm Pays 202 The Poland-China..is quite popular in the West, where pork growing is one of the most prominent industries of the farm. 1997 J. Moore Never eat your Heart Out 50 They grabbed up bits of the Poland China's black-and-white skin. II. Simple uses. 4. = Poland oat n. at sense 1a. Formerly also: †= Poland wheat n. at sense 1b (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > oats > the oat plant or variety of the oat oateOE purr oats1578 skeg1598 Polish oat1669 Poland oat1683 Poland1692 potato oats1801 swine-oat1819 fatuoid1922 1692 W. Sampson Rector's Bk., Clayworth 17 Aug. (1910) 100 My serv^t this harvest bro't me in a strang ear of wheat, but I soon discovered it to be y^e heavy husked great Poland. 1799 A. Young Gen. View Agric. County Lincoln 117 Oat seed, six bushels of Poland, 5 of short small. 1801 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 350 This kind of oats [sc. potato oat] is spreading fast over all the southern counties of Scotland, and threatens to supplant the Polands upon the fertile soils. 1877 Times 1 May 6/2 Oats experienced a ready sale, best Polands fetching from 30s. to 34s. 1948 G. D. H. Bell Cultivated Plants Farm x. 87 The development of improved varieties of oats in this country is generally considered to have started with the introduction of a variety called Poland in the early part of the eighteenth century. Various selections were made from this variety, one of the best known being Tam Finlay. 5. A breed of domestic fowl, having a large rounded topknot that often envelops the head; a bird of this breed; = Polish fowl n. at Polish n.¹ and adj. Compounds.Quot. 1750 may represent an attributive use (cf. Poland fowl n. at sense 2a). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [noun] > types of > Poland fowl Poland1750 Polander1815 Poland fowl1815 Poland breed1840 Polish fowl1850 Polish1855 Pole1885 1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Family Compan. 153 I can't say our Dunghill Fowls exceed all others, for there are excellent Sorts of the Poland, the Hamburgh, and the Darking Dunghill Fowls. 1850 D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yard 56 The newly-hatched chicks are grey, much resembling those of the silver Polands. 1871 W. M. Lewis People's Pract. Poultry Bk. 23 The Brahma, Cochin, Leghorn, Poland, and Houdan stand relatively in the position here named [as egg-layers]. 1912 J. H. Robinson Princ. & Pract. of Poultry Culture xxi. 375 For a long time after their introduction into England, Polish were called Polands or Polanders. 1978 Country Life 13 Apr. 957/3 The dizzy erratic Poland cockerel whose dropping top-knot always made him wander about..colliding with things. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Polandn.² Brit. /ˈpəʊlənd/, U.S. /ˈpoʊlən(d)/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Poland. Etymology: < Poland, the name of a town in Maine, United States. In full Poland water. A variety of mineral water obtained from springs at Poland, Maine. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > water > [noun] > mineral water > types of acidulae1670 Malvern water1756 Saratoga water1793 barége1811 Vichy1858 Congress water1865 Apollinaris1875 Contrexéville1877 Polly1878 Poland1881 St. Galmier1883 Vittel1895 Perrier1904 Evian1907 San Pellegrino1924 1881 J. G. Blaine Let. 6 Sept. in H. Ricker Poland Mineral Spring Water (1883) 37 Send two more cases Poland to the President [sc. Garfield]... The President will drink no other water. 1883 H. Ricker Poland Spring, Maine 18 The well-known effects following the use of Poland water were not discovered in a day. 1937 Maine: Guide ‘Down East’ (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 362 Poland Water is one of the few bottled waters that has continued to maintain a popularity. 1967 H. Johnson in C. Ray Compleat Imbiber IX. 148 Poland water is America's Perrier. It is not so fizzy but just as smart. 1999 Portland (Maine) Press Herald (Nexis) 14 Nov. 1 g I served this perfect brew to my bridge friends..I used a freshly cleaned coffee-maker and Poland water. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1683n.²1881
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Polandn.1

Polandn.2

Polandn.¹

Polandn.²