ploughlandplowlandn.

Brit.

/ˈplaʊland/, U.S.

/ˈplaʊˌlænd/

Forms:

α. Old English plogesland (Northumbrian).

β. Old English plogaland (Northumbrian), Middle English ploughlond, Middle English plouȝlond (in a late copy), Middle English ploulond, Middle English plowelond, Middle English plowelonde, Middle English plowhlonde, Middle English plowlode (transmission error), Middle English plowlond, Middle English plowlonde, Middle English– plowland (now chiefly U.S.), 1500s plowelande, 1500s plowlande, 1500s– ploughland; Scottish pre-1700 pleucheland, pre-1700 pleuchtland, pre-1700 pleuland, pre-1700 plevoland, pre-1700 plewcheland, pre-1700 plewghland, pre-1700 plewland, pre-1700 plowghland, pre-1700 plowlande, pre-1700 pluchland, pre-1700 pluchlande, pre-1700 plwland, pre-1700 1900s– pleuchland, 1700s– ploughland, 1800s plewlan', 1800s plooland, 1900s– ploolan'.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: plough n.¹, land n.¹

Etymology: In α form apparently < the genitive singular of plough n.¹ (although this is first attested later) + land n.¹ In β forms apparently < the genitive plural of plough n.¹ (although this is first attested later) + land n.¹ (unless in later use independently < plough n.¹ + land n.¹). Compare Old Icelandic plógsland acre, Icelandic plógland arable land, Norwegian plogland arable land, early modern Danish plogs land amount of land which can be ploughed in one day, Danish plovland arable land, Swedish plogland arable land, also any of various measures of land, corresponding approximately to an acre, an oxgang, or a ploughland, and also post-classical Latin ploxlanda (c1150 in a British (Lincolnshire) source). With sense 2 compare also Dutch ploegland , Middle Low German plōchlant , German Pflugland . Compare suling n.

1. A measure of land used in the northern and eastern counties of England based on the area able to be tilled by one plough with a team of eight oxen in the year, varying greatly in extent from around 60 to 300 acres (approx. 24 to 121 hectares) according to locality, but usually equivalent to around 120 acres (approx. 49 hectares), and divided into eight oxgangs. Also: a similar measure used in Scotland, generally equivalent to around 104 acres (approx. 42 hectares). Cf. hide n.² 1 and plough-gang n. Now historical.In the Domesday Book and other Latin records, the word used for this unit is carrucata: see carucate n.The York survey of lands cited in quot. OE dates from the first half of the 11th cent. The only other attestation of this word in Old English is in a 14th-cent. copy of a grant of land at Patrington, Yorkshire, made in 1033 (see quot. a1400 at plough-gang n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > carucate and equivalents

suling805

sullowc897

ploughlandOE

ploughlOE

tenmanlotc1200

tenmanlandc1225

sullowc1275

suling-land1440

carucate?a1475

plough tilla1513

cartware1555

carue1593

caruck1627

sullerye1628

OE Surv. of Lands, York in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 166 INto Ottanleage iiii plogaland, & on Bægeltune ii. On Hafecesweorðe ii On oðeran Hafecesweorðe ii. On Dentune ii, on Timbel oðer healf plogesland. On Ectune healf plogesland.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7676 Þe king willam..Let enqueri streitliche þoru al engelonde Hou moni plou lond & hou moni hiden al so Were in euerich ssire.

1392 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 25 Ony landis or rentis..within the pluchlande of Macgylcrist.

c1400 Simonie (Peterhouse) (1991) l. 387 Þei take þus with a pore man þat haþ but half a plowlond.

1431 in H. T. Riley Annales Monasterii S. Albani (1870) i. 453 (MED) Eche Erle to dyspende a thousand marke be ȝere, wyth four plowe londe wythynne hys demayns; And every Squyer twenty pounde be ȝere, wyth two plowe londe in hys demayns.

?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 796/6 Carucata, plowlode [read plowlonde].

1555 Act 2 & 3 Philip & Mary c. 8. §2 Every Plow-Land in Tillage or Pasture that he shall occupy in the same Parish.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 16 A knightes fee should conteyne .C.lx. Acres, and that is accompted for a plough land for a yere.

a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 88 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Ulster..doth containe 9000. Plow-lands, every of which Plow-lands containeth 120. Acres, after the rate of 21. foote to every perch of the Acre.

1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ii. vii. 60 A Plow-land or Carue of land (Carucata terrae)..is said to containe 4 Yard-land at 30 acres to the Yard-land.

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 5 Hida is all one as a plow-land, viz. as much as a plow can till.

1762 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII II. xxiii. 396 The hospital of St. Leonard's, near York, had received, from an antient grant of King Athelstane, a right of levying a thrave of corn from every plough-land in the county.

1776 A. Wedderburn Ess. on Proportion of Produce as Rent 6 I will suppose that one ploughland, or sixty Scots acres, is too small.

1850 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Feb. 127 To make such a tenure, twelve plough-lands were necessary, of the value, in the reigns of Edward I. and II., of £20 per annum.

1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 99 The Scottish ploughland of 104 acres..approaches very closely to the Northumbrian hide.

1922 Eng. Hist. Rev. 37 228 St. Benet held a manor of one ploughland in Thurne which included ten sokemen with forty-five acres.

2001 Oxoniensia 65 347 The first mention of Grimsbury..occurs in Domesday. The manor was assessed at six ploughlands, 30 acres of meadow and a mill.

2. Arable land; a piece or plot of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > broken land > arable or ploughed land

earthlandeOE

falloweOE

acreOE

hide and gaine1347

furrowc1380

teamlanda1387

tilthc1460

arablec1475

tilling land1488

flat1513

plough-tilth1516

ploughland1530

tillage1543

plough-ground1551

teamware1567

ploughing ground1625

ploughing land1674

prairie-breaking1845

plough1859

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 256/1 Plowe lande, terre labouree.

1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. A.ii What sede shuld be sowen in Gods field, in Goddes plough land.

1638 in H. Bond Hist. Watertown, Mass. (1855) II. 997 All the Land lying beyond the Plowland..shalbe for a Common for Cattle.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 27 The Marquess of Huntlie with his ladie and virgyne dochteris in harvest wes in the plewlandis.

1725 Boston News-let. 21 Jan. 2/2 One Hundred Acres, Meadow, Pasture & Plough-land, in a suitable quality.

1771 E. Griffith Hist. Lady Barton III. 218 It consists of this cottage, a small plough-land, a close for pasture, and a little garden.

1845 Cultivator 2 93 He has bought..200 [sc. acres] that is neither timber, plow land or meadow.

1861 W. F. Collier Hist. Eng. Lit. 122 Soft woodland..and rolling plough land.

1922 T. S. Cairncross Scot at Hame 43 Pirns and plaids and pleuchland, Tups and yowes and cattle reid.

1951 S. H. Bell December Bride i. i. 12 Leaning his arms on the dry yielding hedge, he studied the ploughland on the other side, his eyes running up the curving furrows.

2002 W. Woodruff Road to Nab End (2003) 71 The man and the boy travelled together for most of that day, passing from green meadow through plowland and pasture to fell.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

a. Ground or soil, esp. as having a particular use or particular properties. Often with defining word, as arable land, corn-land, plough-land, stubble land.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > ground as suitable for cultivation

landc825

earthOE

farmland1357

ox-landa1387

red land1459

lair1519

mainland1686

c825 Vesp. Psalter cvii. 37 And seowun lond & plantadon wingeardas.

a1050 Liber Scintill. (1889) x. 51 Færlic & swiðlic storm on hryre landu [L. arua] forhwyrfð.

c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 177/11 Seges, gesawen æcer vel land.

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 35 Lond wel eerid and wel dungid.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 8 Tilynge is vs to write of euery londe.

?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 796 Hec bovata, a hoxgangyn lond... Hec virgata, a eryd lond. Hic selis, a ryggyd lond.

1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 33 While the Plowman neer at hand, Whistles ore the Furrow'd Land.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 114 And from the marshy Land Salt Herbage for the fodd'ring Rack provide.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Mushroom They [sc. black poppies] are never found but on burnt Lands.

1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 283 In England, the land is rich, but coarse.

1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab v. 59 Loading with loathsome rottenness the land.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 593 The land to a great extent round his pleasure grounds was in his own hands.

1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 616 The conversation was almost exclusively confined to the topics of steam-boats,..black-land, red-land, bottom-land, timber-land [etc.].

单词	ploughland
释义	ploughlandplowlandn. Brit. /ˈplaʊland/, U.S. /ˈplaʊˌlænd/ Forms: α. Old English plogesland (Northumbrian). β. Old English plogaland (Northumbrian), Middle English ploughlond, Middle English plouȝlond (in a late copy), Middle English ploulond, Middle English plowelond, Middle English plowelonde, Middle English plowhlonde, Middle English plowlode (transmission error), Middle English plowlond, Middle English plowlonde, Middle English– plowland (now chiefly U.S.), 1500s plowelande, 1500s plowlande, 1500s– ploughland; Scottish pre-1700 pleucheland, pre-1700 pleuchtland, pre-1700 pleuland, pre-1700 plevoland, pre-1700 plewcheland, pre-1700 plewghland, pre-1700 plewland, pre-1700 plowghland, pre-1700 plowlande, pre-1700 pluchland, pre-1700 pluchlande, pre-1700 plwland, pre-1700 1900s– pleuchland, 1700s– ploughland, 1800s plewlan', 1800s plooland, 1900s– ploolan'. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: plough n.¹, land n.¹ Etymology: In α form apparently < the genitive singular of plough n.¹ (although this is first attested later) + land n.¹ In β forms apparently < the genitive plural of plough n.¹ (although this is first attested later) + land n.¹ (unless in later use independently < plough n.¹ + land n.¹). Compare Old Icelandic plógsland acre, Icelandic plógland arable land, Norwegian plogland arable land, early modern Danish plogs land amount of land which can be ploughed in one day, Danish plovland arable land, Swedish plogland arable land, also any of various measures of land, corresponding approximately to an acre, an oxgang, or a ploughland, and also post-classical Latin ploxlanda (c1150 in a British (Lincolnshire) source). With sense 2 compare also Dutch ploegland , Middle Low German plōchlant , German Pflugland . Compare suling n. 1. A measure of land used in the northern and eastern counties of England based on the area able to be tilled by one plough with a team of eight oxen in the year, varying greatly in extent from around 60 to 300 acres (approx. 24 to 121 hectares) according to locality, but usually equivalent to around 120 acres (approx. 49 hectares), and divided into eight oxgangs. Also: a similar measure used in Scotland, generally equivalent to around 104 acres (approx. 42 hectares). Cf. hide n.² 1 and plough-gang n. Now historical.In the Domesday Book and other Latin records, the word used for this unit is carrucata: see carucate n.The York survey of lands cited in quot. OE dates from the first half of the 11th cent. The only other attestation of this word in Old English is in a 14th-cent. copy of a grant of land at Patrington, Yorkshire, made in 1033 (see quot. a1400 at plough-gang n.). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > carucate and equivalents suling805 sullowc897 ploughlandOE ploughlOE tenmanlotc1200 tenmanlandc1225 sullowc1275 suling-land1440 carucate?a1475 plough tilla1513 cartware1555 carue1593 caruck1627 sullerye1628 OE Surv. of Lands, York in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 166 INto Ottanleage iiii plogaland, & on Bægeltune ii. On Hafecesweorðe ii On oðeran Hafecesweorðe ii. On Dentune ii, on Timbel oðer healf plogesland. On Ectune healf plogesland. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7676 Þe king willam..Let enqueri streitliche þoru al engelonde Hou moni plou lond & hou moni hiden al so Were in euerich ssire. 1392 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 25 Ony landis or rentis..within the pluchlande of Macgylcrist. c1400 Simonie (Peterhouse) (1991) l. 387 Þei take þus with a pore man þat haþ but half a plowlond. 1431 in H. T. Riley Annales Monasterii S. Albani (1870) i. 453 (MED) Eche Erle to dyspende a thousand marke be ȝere, wyth four plowe londe wythynne hys demayns; And every Squyer twenty pounde be ȝere, wyth two plowe londe in hys demayns. ?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 796/6 Carucata, plowlode [read plowlonde]. 1555 Act 2 & 3 Philip & Mary c. 8. §2 Every Plow-Land in Tillage or Pasture that he shall occupy in the same Parish. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 16 A knightes fee should conteyne .C.lx. Acres, and that is accompted for a plough land for a yere. a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 88 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Ulster..doth containe 9000. Plow-lands, every of which Plow-lands containeth 120. Acres, after the rate of 21. foote to every perch of the Acre. 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ii. vii. 60 A Plow-land or Carue of land (Carucata terrae)..is said to containe 4 Yard-land at 30 acres to the Yard-land. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 5 Hida is all one as a plow-land, viz. as much as a plow can till. 1762 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII II. xxiii. 396 The hospital of St. Leonard's, near York, had received, from an antient grant of King Athelstane, a right of levying a thrave of corn from every plough-land in the county. 1776 A. Wedderburn Ess. on Proportion of Produce as Rent 6 I will suppose that one ploughland, or sixty Scots acres, is too small. 1850 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Feb. 127 To make such a tenure, twelve plough-lands were necessary, of the value, in the reigns of Edward I. and II., of £20 per annum. 1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 99 The Scottish ploughland of 104 acres..approaches very closely to the Northumbrian hide. 1922 Eng. Hist. Rev. 37 228 St. Benet held a manor of one ploughland in Thurne which included ten sokemen with forty-five acres. 2001 Oxoniensia 65 347 The first mention of Grimsbury..occurs in Domesday. The manor was assessed at six ploughlands, 30 acres of meadow and a mill. 2. Arable land; a piece or plot of this. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > broken land > arable or ploughed land earthlandeOE falloweOE acreOE hide and gaine1347 furrowc1380 teamlanda1387 tilthc1460 arablec1475 tilling land1488 flat1513 plough-tilth1516 ploughland1530 tillage1543 plough-ground1551 teamware1567 ploughing ground1625 ploughing land1674 prairie-breaking1845 plough1859 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 256/1 Plowe lande, terre labouree. 1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. A.ii What sede shuld be sowen in Gods field, in Goddes plough land. 1638 in H. Bond Hist. Watertown, Mass. (1855) II. 997 All the Land lying beyond the Plowland..shalbe for a Common for Cattle. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 27 The Marquess of Huntlie with his ladie and virgyne dochteris in harvest wes in the plewlandis. 1725 Boston News-let. 21 Jan. 2/2 One Hundred Acres, Meadow, Pasture & Plough-land, in a suitable quality. 1771 E. Griffith Hist. Lady Barton III. 218 It consists of this cottage, a small plough-land, a close for pasture, and a little garden. 1845 Cultivator 2 93 He has bought..200 [sc. acres] that is neither timber, plow land or meadow. 1861 W. F. Collier Hist. Eng. Lit. 122 Soft woodland..and rolling plough land. 1922 T. S. Cairncross Scot at Hame 43 Pirns and plaids and pleuchland, Tups and yowes and cattle reid. 1951 S. H. Bell December Bride i. i. 12 Leaning his arms on the dry yielding hedge, he studied the ploughland on the other side, his eyes running up the curving furrows. 2002 W. Woodruff Road to Nab End (2003) 71 The man and the boy travelled together for most of that day, passing from green meadow through plowland and pasture to fell. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > as lemmas plough-land a. Ground or soil, esp. as having a particular use or particular properties. Often with defining word, as arable land, corn-land, plough-land, stubble land. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > ground as suitable for cultivation landc825 earthOE farmland1357 ox-landa1387 red land1459 lair1519 mainland1686 c825 Vesp. Psalter cvii. 37 And seowun lond & plantadon wingeardas. a1050 Liber Scintill. (1889) x. 51 Færlic & swiðlic storm on hryre landu [L. arua] forhwyrfð. c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 177/11 Seges, gesawen æcer vel land. c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 35 Lond wel eerid and wel dungid. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 8 Tilynge is vs to write of euery londe. ?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 796 Hec bovata, a hoxgangyn lond... Hec virgata, a eryd lond. Hic selis, a ryggyd lond. 1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 33 While the Plowman neer at hand, Whistles ore the Furrow'd Land. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 114 And from the marshy Land Salt Herbage for the fodd'ring Rack provide. View more context for this quotation 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Mushroom They [sc. black poppies] are never found but on burnt Lands. 1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 283 In England, the land is rich, but coarse. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab v. 59 Loading with loathsome rottenness the land. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 593 The land to a great extent round his pleasure grounds was in his own hands. 1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 616 The conversation was almost exclusively confined to the topics of steam-boats,..black-land, red-land, bottom-land, timber-land [etc.]. extracted from landn.¹ < n.OE as lemmas
随便看	less than less than no time less than the sum of its parts less universe less when less world less-than sign lessee lessees lesseeship lessen lessened lessening lessens lesser lesser adjutant lesser ape lesser asia lesser bairam lesser bear lesser bell-heather lesser bellheather lesser black-backed gull lesser blackbacked gull lesser breeds

ploughlandplowlandn.

> as lemmas