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plantainn.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French plaintaine, plaintaine, plantein. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman plainteine, plantain, plantaine, plantayne, plantein, planteine, plauntain, plauntaine, plauntein, plaunteine, plaunteyne, also plainteinee, plauntanie, and Old French plaintain, plantaine, plantein, Old French, Middle French plantain, Middle French plantin (c1205 or earlier: see note below; French plantain ) < classical Latin plantāgin- , plantāgō plantain, apparently < planta plant n.2 + -āgō , suffix forming nouns, so called with reference to its broad prostrate leaves (compare waybread n.1). Compare Old Occitan plantage (mid 13th cent.; Occitan plantatge), Catalan plantatge (14th cent.), Spanish llantén (c1275 or earlier; earlier as †plantain (12th cent. in a Mozarabic text)), (rare) plantén (1509), Italian piantaggine (first half of the 13th cent.). It is unclear whether the following are to be taken as examples of the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word (in quot. a1200 the latter seems more likely; the date of c1205 given above for the French word refers to an Old French attestation in the Roman de Renart):a1200 Glosses to De Viribus Herbarum of Macer (Vitell. C.iii) in Anglia (1974) 92 286 De plantagine : weibrode uel planteine.a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 559/27 Arnoglosa, plauntein. With great plantain, greater plantain at sense 1(a) compare post-classical Latin plantago major waybread (c1200 in a British source), Middle French, French grand plantain (15th cent.). Compare the following earlier unassimilated borrowings < classical Latin plantāgō :?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 9 Nim eftsona platagine [read plantagine; L. plantaginem], þæt ys, webrædan, and cnuca þa wurt togadere. ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 103v Som constreyneþ and stintiþ blood, as..Emachites, plantago, & othir soche.?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 178v Plantago [?c1425 Paris Planteyne] is an herbe manyfolde..it is repercussyue & consolidatyue. In plantain-water n. at Compounds 2 after post-classical Latin aqua plantaginis (1574 in the passage translated in quot. 1588 for plantain-water n.); compare French†eau de plantain (1603 or earlier). the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Plantaginaceae > [noun] a1325 in T. Hunt (1989) 209 [Plantago] anglice plauntayne. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. 1391 (MED) The tenthe sterre is Almareth..His Stone is Jaspe, and of Planteine He hath his herbe sovereine. c1395 G. Chaucer 581 His forheed dropped as a stillatorie, Were ful of plantayne [v.rr. plannteyn, plauntayn, planteyne, pleintein] and of paritorie. ?a1425 (?1373) (1938) f. 61 (MED) Þe lesse playntein, j-callid rubwort, may do all þes vertues a for saide. ?c1450 in G. Müller (1929) 47 (MED) Take herbe water..honysowke, þe mede plaunteyn, mynte, þe grete hocke, [etc.]. 1526 cccxliv. sig. Tiiiv/2 Plantayne or weybrede..is an herbe that ye greke call arnoglosse. It is called also..grete plantayne, and groweth in moyst places & playne feldes. 1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. cii. f. 74v, in I..would giue him red wine to drinke, and put therein a little Acatium, the iuyce of Plantain, and a little Mastick. 1617 F. Moryson iii. 51 Those of Paduoa [are said] to love women with little brests, which makes their women use the juyce of Plantane to keep them from growing. a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher (1634) i. ii. 61 These poore sleight sores, Neede not a plantin . View more context for this quotation 1676 (Royal Soc.) 11 629 There grow wild in the Woods, Plantane of all sorts. 1748 W. Shenstone School-mistress xii, in R. Dodsley (ed. 2) I. 252 And Plaintain ribb'd, that heals the reaper's wound. 1779 Nov. 343 Great Plantain, or Waybread. 1840 C. Dewey in C. Dewey & G. B. Emerson 114 Plantago major, Common Plantain. One of the plants that seem to follow man in the temperate climes. 1864 D. Oliver ii. 215 The Seeds of Greater Plantain are a favourite food of cage-birds. 1890 H. S. Holland in S. Paget (1920) ii. iv. 195 The long-suffering plantains on the lawn, prodded by Roffen in the agonies of debate. 1946 A. Nelson xxi. 413 The profuse development of plantains round the gate of a cow paddock or behind a hedge where stock walk up and down is a frequently seen condition. 1990 Nov. 26/2 Weeds will give some idea of the character of the soil. If it is acid, the main weeds will include daisy, dock, creeping buttercup, plantain and thistle. 1538 W. Turner at Alisma Alisma dioscoridæ..officinis & herbarijs plantago aquatica..nostratibus water plantane or water waybrede. 1597 J. Gerard ii. 343 Holosteum..is also called..Spanish hairie small Plantaine, or flowring sea Plantaine. 1687 J. Clayton Let. in (Royal Soc.) (1742) 41 145 They use also the Gnafalium Americanum, commonly called there White Plantain. 1701 R. Morden 176 Plantago Aqautica stellata, Star-headed Water Plantain. 1799 R. E. Hunter 91 Water plantain, in the brooks, Margate. 1861 A. Pratt IV. 134 Common Mudwort..is sometimes called Bastard Plantain. 1874 R. Brown ii. iii. 202 Ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata), wild tulip (Tulipa sylvestris), &c. 1924 W. H. Fitch et al. (ed. 5) 208 Plantago maritima L. Sea plantain. 1993 2 Aug. 16/1 By ponds, the three-petalled lilac flowers of water-plantain stand on tall stems, but only open in the afternoon. Compounds C1. c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich (1896) 222 (MED) Herbe pro balneis. Tak yerdhoue..& plantayne leues. 1597 W. Shakespeare i. ii. 50 Romeo: Your Planton leafe is excellent for that. Ben: For what? Romeo: For your broken shin. View more context for this quotation 1662 R. Watkins 132 Some Plantain leaves being plaistred with fresh greace, Bring down the swollen gout, and grief appease. 1755 J. Wesley (ed. 5) 34 Take frequently a Spoonful of the Juice of Nettles and Plantane Leaves. 1899 C. P. Stetson 36 The key is down by the front door, under a plantain leaf! 2003 (Nexis) 4 Sept. e1 Her 3-year-old son already knows to find a plantain leaf when someone gets hurt, she said. ‘He chews it up, spits it on the wound’. 1688 R. Holme ii. iv. 69/2 The Plantan Leaf Crowfoot.] 1721 J. Quincy tr. 342 Staphysagria.., the Plantain leaved Delphinium of Tournefort. 1822 S. Clarke II. 57 Plantain-leaved Crow Foot. 1940 4 Nov. 19/3 ‘Pussy's toes,’ ‘cat's paw’ and ‘ladies' tobacco’ are names given to the plantain-leaved variety [sc. Antennaria plantaginifolia] which comes up in little white patches as early as March or April. 1993 (Nexis) 21 Mar. 4 Suggestions for summer shade in this area include: river oats, plantain-leaved sedge, black cohosh and goatsbeard. C2. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > funkia 1882 9 Sept. 225/1 This Plantain Lily should be grown by everyone as a pot plant. 1957 C. Lloyd vi. 60 Among plantain lilies..the prevalence of slugs and snails is all too likely. 1995 Aug. 42/1 (caption) Fragrant plantain lily is really a hosta, but its big, sweetly scented flowers are as desirable as its foliage. the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > shore-weed 1796 W. Withering (ed. 3) II. 195 Littorella..Plantain Shoreweed. 1855 G. Emerson (new ed.) 993/2 The plantain shoreweed..is a pretty little perennial sub-aquatic, indigenous to England, flowering in June. 1977 8 Aug. 58/3 The fairways were edged by..a thin, random collection of fescue, buttercups, plantain shoreweed, Yorkshire fog, dandelions, and assorted other weeds, grasses and wild flowers. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > decoction or infusion > [noun] > aqueous decoction or infusion > specific c1550 R. Bacon (new ed.) sig. Biv The water of plantayne..is very good for woundes corrosyues.] 1588 J. Read tr. F. Arcaeus i. v. f. 16 Sirope of Roses..mixed with Plantain water. 1648 R. Josselin 26 Nov. (1976) 148 I had hope in my navel, keeping lint out of it, and washing it with plantane water and loose sugar. 1728 E. Smith (ed. 2) 197 To stop Bleeding. Take a Pint of Plantane-water, put to it two Ounces of Isinglas. 1868 H. Dussauce xx. 215 Astringent Lotion. Plantain water..Tannin..Aromatic tincture. 1952 C. Camden vii. 190 For those who judge the efficacy of a mouthwash by its unpleasant taste, a rather nauseous remedy can be made from four ounces each of rose-water and plantain-water, an ounce of honey of roses, [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). plantainn.2 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French plantain. Etymology: < Middle French plantain (a1577; French†plantain ; compare Old French plantoine (c1150)) < post-classical Latin plantanus (in an undated gloss, also in 17th–18th-cent. botanical texts), variant (probably influenced by planta plant n.1) of classical Latin platanus plane tree (see platanus n.). Compare Spanish †plantano (c1400 or earlier; variant of plátano : see platan n.). Compare earlier plane n.1, platan n., and platanus n. Now rare. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > plane-trees > [noun] 1535 Ecclus. xxiv. 14 I am exalted like as a plantayne tre [L. platanus] by the water syde. 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus v. f. 80 The riuer was shadowed ouer wyth plantyne and pople trees [L. platani quoque et populi]. 1596 T. Lodge 45 Pasiphae hee brought enamoured with a Bull, and Xerxes with a Plantaine tree. 1608 E. Topsell 167 To Plantine-leaues [L. platani ramis] the Sparrow did her young commit. 1698 19 They made use of him as their Plantain Tree, whose spreading shade might secure 'em from the Swelter of Trouble and Danger. 1724 C. Gildon II. v. ix. 64 You may hide your self under yon tall Plantain Tree. 1736 T. Salmon XXVIII. ix. 327 A Stake is set up to support them, and Plantains and other Trees planted about them, because they thrive best in the Shade. 1791 W. Gilpin I. 291 In Turkey it is common to see inferior buildings raised around the bole of a large plantain. 1843 G. Borrow III. vii. 125 In the streets of Aranjuez, and beneath the mighty cedars and gigantic elms and plantains which compose its noble woods. 1982 (Nexis) 21 Feb. x. 19/1 To the west, under a row of plantain trees, men and boys played boule from dawn to dusk. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). plantainn.3Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymons: Spanish plantano, plátano. Etymology: < Spanish †plantano, variant of plátano (see platano n.), in β. forms probably with alteration after plantain n.1 (compare forms at that entry). Compare ( < Spanish) French plantain (1784 or earlier in this form; 1617 as †plantanes (plural)), now only in sense ‘plantain tree’ (the fruit is banane plantain ). Compare earlier platano n. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > banana > [noun] > types of the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > banana > types of 1582 R. Madox Diary 28 Aug. in E. S. Donno (1976) 176 Plantens..is a very delyciows fruyt and groeth lyke a beane 2 or 3 fadom hygh. 1591 J. Hortop 8 On the top grow the fruit which is called Plantaines, they are crooked and a cubite long. 1657 R. Ligon 81 The Bonano... This fruit is of a sweeter taste then the Plantine..we find them as good to stew, or preserve as the Plantine. 1697 W. Dampier xi. 311 The Plantain I take to be the King of all Fruit. 1740 S. Johnson Drake in Oct. 510 Ripe Figs, Cocoes and Plantains. 1777 G. Forster I. 343 Loads of horse-plantanes, a coarse sort, which grows almost without cultivation. 1831 J. M. Peck 62 A whole table, or platform as large as a table, covered with..oranges, and figs, and bananas or plantains. 1897 M. Kingsley 38 Along the Coast, and in other parts of Africa, the coarser, flat-sided kinds of banana are usually called plantains, the name banana being reserved for the finer sorts, such as the little ‘silver banana’. 1933 C. McKay vii. 96 Boiled plantains and boiled sweet cassava. 1958 J. Carew iii. 37 Tanta Moore was pounding plantains outside the kitchen when I returned. 2003 10 Apr. 6/1 It could grow anything, tropical fruit like pineapples, mangoes, bananas, plantains, pawpaws..apples, peaches, plums. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > banana tree > plantain tree 1585 J. White (title of painting) in (1907) IV. 332 (40) Platano or Planten. 1604 E. Grimestone tr. J. de Acosta (1880) I. iv. 241 The first that shall be needefulle to treate of is the Plantain, or Plantano, as the vulgar call it. 1657 R. Ligon 81 The Bonano differs nothing from the Plantine, in the body and leaves but only this, that the leaves are somewhat lesse, and the bodie has here and there some blackish spots... This tree wants a little of the beauty of the Plantine. 1698 J. Fryer 19 Lower than these, but with a Leaf far broader, stands the Curious Plantan. 1708 tr. F. Le Guat 61 The Dates of the Plantane are bigger than those of the Palm-tree. 1777 G. Forster I. 254 They handed up to us a green stem of a plantane. 1852 T. Ross tr. A. von Humboldt I. vi. 205 An acre planted with plantains produces nearly twenty times as much food as the same space sown with corn. 1882 22 July 65/2 A large specimen of this fine Plantain is now flowering in the Victoria house at Kew. 1933 H. Allen II. vi. xxxvii. 550 The forest opened out suddenly and a vista of rice fields, sugar cane, and plantains swept up to a large palisaded place, the slave pens. 1992 18 Apr. 115/1 The domesticated plantain and banana varieties reproduce only asexually, through growing suckers. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > banana > types of 1756 P. Browne ii. ii. 364 The wild Plantane Tree. This beautiful plant grows wild in most of the cooler mountains of Jamaica. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Bastard Plantain, Heliconia Bihai. 1885 A. Brassey 181 Even the hardy wild-plantain (Canna indica) with its brilliant yellow stem and scarlet flowers..was reduced to a bare stem and branches. 1991 30 Aug. 23 (caption) An anonymous photographer's silver print (c1930–40) incorporating a Heliconia Barqueta (False Plantain). Compounds C1. 1663 R. Boyle ii. ii. 100 In the Barbada's they have many Drinks unknown to us; such as are Perino, the Plantane-drink [etc.]. 1707 H. Sloane I. p. lxix Bonano and Plantain Drinks are severally made by mashing of either of these ripe Fruits with water, till it comes to be pretty well mix't with the Fruits, then they let it stand in a Trough twelve hours, and draw it off. 1991 K. Good vi. 88 The whole village watched spellbound as I accepted the boiled ohino root and the gourdful of ripened plantain drink he offered. 1697 W. Dampier vii. 167 These wild Indians have..good Plaintain-gardens; for Plantains are their chiefest food. 1863 J. H. Speke xiii. 366 I..found him with a large staff, pages and officers as well as women, in a plantain garden, looking eagerly out for birds, whilst his band was playing. 1974 M. Harris 102 The nomadic Yanomamo who lived in the remote mountains between Venezuela and Brazil began to experiment with banana and plantain gardens. 1648 T. Gage xx. 157 We suddenly fell upon halfe a dozen poore cottages, covered with boughes and plantin leaves. 1740 C. Leslie (ed. 3) xi. 343 After this the Shells are cut, the Nuts taken out and put into a Trough, covered with Plantane Leaves. 1859 J. Lang 305 Portions..were distributed on plantain leaves to each guest by the Brahmins. 1995 V. Chandra (1996) 360 He..began to eat, scooping up scalding handfuls of rice and dal from the plantain-leaf wrappers. 1613 S. Purchas vii. x. 587 The Ganga..with Plantaine stalkes hitteth euery one. 1854 A. M. Edmond vii. 121 She came running towards us in this plight, brandishing a great plantain-stalk over her head. 2002 (Nexis) 4 Aug. 9 h The swordfish..arrived with an impressively presented side of black beans and rice served in a coconut shell with a fired plantain stalk garnish. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > banana tree > plantain tree 1582 Exam. David Ingram in D. B. Quinn (1940) II. 281 There is a tre as he called it a planten tree, which of the leaves thereof beinge pressed will come a very excellent lycor. 1697 W. Dampier xii. 327 The ordinaty[sic] sort [of people in Mindanao] wear Cloth made of Plantain-tree, which they call Saggen; by which Name they call the Plantain. 1841 3 Sept. 3/1 These prostitutes..affect Hindoo manners, on which account they abstain from all impure food, and, before the age of puberty, undergo the ceremony of marriage with a plantain tree. 2004 (Nexis) 4 June 11 The rushing flood waters cut wide swaths through the middle of food crops outside Jimani, destroying plantain trees, yucca and corn. C2. the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Cuculiformes (cuckoos, etc.) > [noun] > family Musophagidae (turaco) 1859 S. G. Goodrich II. 155 The Musophagiæ or Plantain-Cutters. 1890 Plantain-cutter [citing P. L. Sclater, though the term has not been found in his work]. the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Cuculiformes (cuckoos, etc.) > [noun] > family Musophagidae (turaco) > other members of 1801 J. Latham Suppl. II. 104 Plantain-eater... This beautiful bird is found on the plains near the borders of rivers in the province of Acra, in Guinea, and is said to live principally on the fruit of the plantain. a1933 J. A. Thomson (1934) I. xx. 539 More than half a century ago a naturalist in Africa noticed that one of the resplendent plantain-eaters or turacos looked rather washed-out after rain, and was amazed to find that his hand was stained when he stroked the bird's moist plumage. 1993 (Nexis) 6 May 6 Andy..came last year to peer at violet plantain-eaters and lizard buzzards through his binoculars. 1853 4 Aug. 3/4 The product of the luxurious plantain—plantain figs, plantain flour, plantain hemp and cordage, &c. 1932 28 Apr. 19/5 The strengthening properties of plantain flour are perhaps not as widely known as they might be. 2004 (Nexis) 30 May Excess plantain produced could be processed..into plantain flour, which then can be stored and the excess exported. the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > other meals 1871 C. Kingsley xvi Why should not Plantain-meal be hereafter largely exported for the use of the English working classes? 1920 19 206 One-half plantain or banana meal and one-half of flour make a good black bread. 1999 (Nexis) 19 Mar. 2 A rectangular dumpling of sorts, a pastel starts with green plantain meal that is spread out on a banana leaf and filled with pieces of pork, olives, vegetables and sauce. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > foliage, house, or garden plants > [noun] > Indian shot 1750 G. Hughes 168 The flowers are succeeded by small capsulæ, each inclosing a round black hard seed, as big as swan-shot. From these, and the make of its leaves, they derive the name of Plantain-shot. 1901 33 216 (table) Canna coccinea. Plantain shot. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > banana tree > plantain tree > plantation of 1661 E. Hickeringill 25 The Plantane-Walks are usually made choice of, for such Nurseries. 1707 H. Sloane I. p. xix They are brought in from the Plantain-Walk, or place where these Trees are planted, a little green; they ripen and turn yellow in the House. 1851 12 Mar. 2 She..ran to her plantain walk. 1995 52 57 The watchmen set traps of hardwood spikes in the plantain walks, about a step apart, to deter intruders. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < |
