planetaryadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈplanᵻt(ə)ri/, U.S.

/ˈplænəˌtɛri/

Forms: 1500s– planetary, 1600s planetarie, 1600s plannetary.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French planétaire; Latin planetarius.

Etymology: Partly < Middle French, French planétaire of or relating to the planets (1553; < planète planet n. + -aire -ary suffix¹), and partly < post-classical Latin planetarius (noun) astrologer (c400 in Augustine) < classical Latin planēta planet n. + -ārius -ary suffix¹. (The expected Latin adjective would be planētāris ; compare post-classical Latin stellaris stellar adj.). Compare Italian planetario (1521).

A. adj.

a. Of, relating to, or belonging to a planet or planets; of the nature of or resembling a planet; having a motion like that of a planet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > [adjective]

planetical?a1563

planetary1593

planetal1624

planetic1631

planetarian1652

planeted1745

planetocentric1856

preplanetary1869

protoplanetary1957

1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 43 Which may shew the place of the Sunne in every Signe, and likewise the planetary or vnequall houres.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. ii. 85 Of Starres some are fixed, and some are Planetary or wandring.

a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) v. ii. 131 As the Sun in the Firmament is said to walk from one Planetary house to another.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 11 To stretch our Victories beyond Th' Extent of planetary Ground.

1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. iii. §20. 425 The Inclination of any Planetary Orbit to the Plane of the Ecliptic.

1777 W. Cole Observ. & Conjectures Nature & Properties Light & Theory Comets 40 When they [sc. comets] descend into the planetary regions, they gravitate toward the sun.

1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 299 (note) Lilly..was universally reputed for his supposed planetary knowledge.

1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. iii. iv. 220 The determination of the planetary orbits.

1879 A. D. T. Whitney Sights & Insights (new ed.) I. xxxii. 307 It was something planetary that beamed about her; she was an evening star in the western glow.

1960 Analog Sci. Fact & Fiction Oct. 34/1 We are coming off Mass-Time to go on planetary drive.

1981 R. Miller & W. K. Hartmann Traveller's Guide Solar Syst. 8/3 One relationship we find among major planetary bodies is a sequence of compositions that varies primarily with their different distances from the sun.

2003 New Yorker 8 Sept. 38/2 Its pictures..produced euphoria among planetary scientists in the late nineties.

b. Chiefly Astrology. Caused by a planet; of or relating to the supposed influence of a planet over persons or events.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > planet

planetary1614

1614 G. Markham 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. iv. 64 By Thunder, Lightning, or other planetarie [printed plantarie] stroakes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 109 Be as a Plannetary plague, when Ioue Will o're some high-Vic'd City, hang his poyson In the sicke ayre.

1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 99 Casting Schemes, by planetary guess.

1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 92 The Captain..perceiving him, by I know not what private Planetary Marks, to be an Engine, form'd..for his Use.

1772–84 J. Cook Voy. (1790) V. 1649 They also, in some degree, maintain our old doctrine of planetary influence.

1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. i. iv. 109 The astrological scheme of the Aztecs was founded less on the planetary influences than on those of the arbitrary signs they had adopted for the months and days.

1861 C. W. King Antique Gems (1866) 459 Planetary rings, to which wonderful virtues were ascribed in the Middle Ages, were formed of the gems assigned to the several planets, each set in its appropriate metal.

1979 D. Edmands & A. Edmands Child Signs i. 29 We can..identify the powerful planetary focus that corresponds to her sobriety.

1992 Prediction May 29/2 You will discover..what particular rune sequences have an affinity with your sign and its planetary ruler.

†c. Heraldry. Relating to the use of the names of planets for tinctures. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [adjective] > of tinctures: named after planets

planetary1661

1661 S. Morgan Sphere of Gentry iii. iv. 37 The planetary part of blazon doth well become persons that are above the vulgar.

2. figurative. Wandering; erratic; itinerant. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > [adjective] > moving without fixed course

vaganta1382

scatteringc1450

stragglinga1560

wandering1590

undirecteda1599

wayless1605

planetary1607

rambling?1609

exorbitant1613

exorbitating1632

random1655

unconducteda1677

devious1735

truant1791

wild1810

erratic1841

directionless1860

scrolloping1923

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > capricious or whimsical

startfulmood?a1300

wildc1350

volage?a1366

gerfulc1374

geryc1386

wild-headeda1400

skittishc1412

gerish1430

shittle1440

shittle-witted1448

runningc1449

volageous1487

glaikit1488

fantasious1490

giggish1523

tickle or light of the sear?1530

fantastical1531

wayward1531

wantona1538

peevish1539

light-headed1549

humoral1573

unstaid1579

shittle-headed1580

toy-headed1581

fangled1587

humorous1589

choiceful1591

toyish1598

tricksy1598

skip-brain1603

capricious1605

humoursome1607

planetary1607

vertiginous1609

whimsieda1625

ingiddied1628

whimsy1637

toysome1638

cocklec1640

mercurial1647

garish1650

maggoty1650

kicksey-winseya1652

freakish1653

humourish1653

planetic1653

whimsical1653

shittle-braineda1655

freaking1663

maggoty-headed1667

maggot-pated1681

hoity-toity1690

maggotish1693

maggot-headeda1695

whimsy-headed1699

fantasque1701

crotchetly1702

quixotic1718

volatile1719

holloweda1734

conundrumical1743

flighty1768

fly-away1775

dizzy1780

whimmy1785

shy1787

whimming1787

quirky1789

notional1791

tricksome1815

vagarish1819

freakful1820

faddy1824

moodish1827

mawky1837

erratic1841

rockety1843

quirkish1848

maggoty-pated1850

crotchetya1854

freaksome1854

faddish1855

vagrom1882

fantasied1883

vagarisome1883

on-and-offish1888

tricksical1889

freaky1891

hobby-horsical1893

quirksome1896

temperamental1907

up and down1960

untogether1969

fanciful-

fantastic-

1607 Bp. J. King Serm. Oxon 5 Nov. 26 Other planetary, cursorie, moueable from place to place, as Gerard, Tesmond, Hammond, Hal, with the like.

1636 W. Sampson Vow Breaker i. i. sig. B2 Weomens minds are planetary, and amble as fast as Virginalls Iackes.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. vii. §68 I am credibly informed he..disliked his own erratical and planetary life.

1708 Brit. Apollo 30 July–4 Aug. Such a Planetary Auditor, who thus wanders in his Approach to God..seems to prefer his Gratification to his Instruction.

1710 J. Norris Treat. Christian Prudence iii. 116 Such wandring, unprincipled, Planetary men as these.

1900 Daily News 22 Jan. 4/7 Readers..must have been struck with his planetary career over the face of the globe.

3. Of or relating to the earth; terrestrial; worldwide, global.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [adjective]

earthya1398

subcelestial1561

terrestrial1597

sublunary1609

beneatha1616

terrene1635

subsidereal1636

under-celestial1640

subsolar1648

subsolary1661

planetary1831

earthside1951

Terran1953

1831 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 769 The Latin language has a planetary importance; it belongs not to this land or that land, but to all lands.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch II. xli. 347 To Uriel watching the progress of planetary history from the Sun, the one result would be just as much of a coincidence as the other.

a1901 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality (1903) I. §320. 96 That..response to our surroundings which forms not only the planetary but the cosmic history of all our race.

1975 Weekend Mag. (Montreal) 6 Dec. 28/3 The Greenpeace eco-activists, noted for their campaigns against nuclear testing and the slaughter of whales, are by no means alone in expounding the new planetary morality.

1996 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 4 Aug. a1 In the opinion of many experts, no other event has had the painful planetary consequences of the Afghan War.

4. Mechanics. Designating, relating to, or involving a part which rotates about its own centre or central axis, while the axis itself rotates about a point outside the part; spec. designating or involving epicyclic gearing. Cf. sun-and-planet adj. at sun n.¹ Compounds 5a.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [adjective] > other

overhead1682

step by step1803

belt-tightening1873

throw-out1883

planetary1904

preselective1925

silky1935

servomechanical1946

servoing1959

switched1962

quartz-locked1977

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [adjective] > types of cogs or gears

sun-and-planet1796

spiral gearinga1877

chainless1897

planetary1904

epicyclic1906

hypoid1926

positraction1957

1904 T. H. White Petrol Motors & Motor Cars ii. 108 When the pinion A is revolved, and the internally toothed ring B is held from revolving, the planetary pinions C are caused to run around the ring B and carry the plate D with them.

1910 Cycl. Automobile Engin. I. 210 The most usual place in which the band clutch is found is in connection with a planetary transmission.

1917 T. R. Shaw Precision Grinding Machines ii. 28 Grinding machines with planetary spindles, specially adapted to the requirements of locomotive building.

1935 Sci. Monthly Nov. 475/2 To produce the rising and setting of the stars, the instrument is driven by motors about its polar axis. Speeds of 10 and 4, 3 and 1 minutes and their combinations (made possible by planetary gearing) may be used for this diurnal motion.

1969 Jane's Freight Containers 1968–9 583/3 Torque converter is standard. All drive wheels planetary drive powered.

1971 C. R. Hine Machine Tools & Processes xiv. 330 The planetary miller is unique in that the work is held stationary while the revolving cutter or cutters move in a planetary path to finish a circular surface on the work, either internally or externally.

1991 Consumers Digest Dec. 117/2 This model has a powerful 600-watt motor, variable speeds and planetary action that allow for flawless mixing.

B. n.

†1. An astrologer, an astronomer. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > [noun] > person

astrologera1382

castera1382

astronomera1387

planetist1509

horoscoper1561

figure-caster1584

figure-flinger1587

philomath1611

judiciary1618

planetary1625

astromancer1652

astromantic1652

configurator1652

horoscopist1652

planetarian1652

Babylonian1677

1625 T. Godwin Moses & Aaron iv. x. 210 As if the Originall signified properly a Planetary, or Starre-gazer.

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 142 Now is the Planetary more malignant or malefick..than are all the Planets themselves.

a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) XI. 103 Which sufficiently prove the greatest pretenders to it [sc. astrology] to be indeed but mere planetaries; that is, as we may well interpret it from the force of the word, such as use to err and to be deceived.

†2. A planetary body (in quot. 1819 figurative). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > [noun]

superior planet1577

better star1600

planet1640

planetary1819

exoplanet1992

1819 Metropolis (ed. 2) I. 221 You are a fixed star in the firmament of attraction, around which we minor planetaries revolve with delight.

3. Astronomy. A planetary nebula.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > nebula > [noun] > planetary nebula

dumb-bell nebula184.

crab1868

planetary1903

reflection nebula1936

1903 A. M. Clerke Probl. Astrophysics ii. i. 175 Spectroscopically, they [sc. Novae] simulate minute ‘planetaries’.

1930 Sci. Monthly Mar. 214/1 Condensation begins and the spectrum and appearance change as in the large nebula M 8 and in some of the planetaries.

1993 I. King in H. Dejonghe & H. J. Habing IAU Symp. 153: Galactic Bulges 10 A year ago I didn't know a thing about planetaries, but then I looked at my first ultraviolet HST image of the centre of M31, and it was full of post-asymptotic-giant-branch stars which are nuclei of planetaries.

4. Mechanics. A planetary gear; a planet wheel.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > planet

planet wheel1799

planet pinion1908

planet1912

planet gear1916

planetary1941

1941 Electronic Engin. 14 166/1 The planetary of the differential is connected to a gear-reduction train.

1962 D. W. Dudley Gear Handbk. iii. 21 Bevel planetaries can be made to handle a range of ratios.

1990 Peterson's 4-wheel & Off-road May 61/3 We see much the same action inside the transfer case, but the gear reduction is accomplished by the planetary.

Compounds

planetary day n. [compare French jour planétaire (1674)] Astrology a day of the week, considered in respect of its ruling planet.

ΚΠ

1674 J. Moxon Tutor to Astron. & Geogr. (ed. 3) iv. iii. 130 The first of these Planetary Hours takes its denomination from the Planetary Day; and the rest are named orderly from that Planet according to the succession of the Planetary Orbs.

1927 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 17 135 While the Chronographus of 354 and Vettius Valens agree in making the planetary day begin at sunset, Vettius Valens gives the hour following sunset to the planet of the new day, while the Chronographus of 354 gives the hour following sunrise to that planet.

1974 Progress (Clearfield, Pa.) 4 Apr. 20/4 Capricorn... A fine planetary day! Press for satisfactory progressive action, but do not strain to get ahead of yourself.

planetary electron n. an electron which is bound to an atomic nucleus.

ΚΠ

1919 Times 1 Mar. 7/4 The nucleus consisted of positive electrons, the planetary electrons being negative.

1991 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 42 341 The atoms of a given element have many properties in common beyond possessing the same number of planetary electrons (the defining property).

planetary ellipsoid n. Mathematics (now rare) an ellipsoid formed by revolving an ellipse about its conjugate (shorter) axis.

ΚΠ

1879 Proc. Royal Soc. 29 98 The results..are found, in the first instance, for an ellipsoid whose major axis is the axis of revolution, but a slight alteration will render them applicable also to a planetary ellipsoid.

1934 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 232 227 The surfaces, α = const., constitute the family of planetary ellipsoids.

planetary engineering n. chiefly Science Fiction = terraforming n.; (also) the artificial construction of planets.

ΚΠ

1936 J. Williamson in Astounding Stories July 129/1 Planetary engineering is expensive..especially when the equipment would have to be brought so far. It would have been nearly impossible for any one to develop such a remote asteroid secretly.

1951 A. C. Clarke Explor. of Space 118 The greatest technical achievements of the next few centuries may well be in the field of what could be called ‘planetary engineering’—the reshaping of other worlds to suit human needs.

1995 Economist 23 Dec. 120/1 By that time, mankind will need to have mastered the arts of planetary engineering for the earth's sake; a new ice age is due long before then.

planetary gear n. Mechanics (a) an epicyclic gear; (b) any gearwheel whose axis revolves around another wheel; a planet wheel.

ΚΠ

1860 Sci. Amer. 23 June 406/1 Upon the same shaft are two double-beveled gears, a a, which revolve loosely thereon in opposite directions, each engaging with a small planetary gear, b, which revolves loosely upon the stud, c, which is fast to the shaft, I.

1917 E. Butler Transmission Gears iii. 66 The first use of a planetary reducing gear as a transmission between a petrol motor and the driving wheel of an automobile, was made in 1888–9 by Edward Butler on his petrol cycle.

1975 Sci. Amer. Dec. 120/2 The upper end of the larger planetary gear engages a spur gear fixed to a turntable.

1991 New Scientist 1 June 24/3 Planetary gear modules can be combined to provide exposure times ranging from 1/30th of a second to 2 minutes.

planetary hour n. [compare French heure planétaire (1611 in Cotgrave in sense ‘one twelfth of the natural day or night’)] (a) (now historical) one twelfth of the natural day or night (varying in length according to the time of the year and the latitude of the observer), esp. (in Astrology) such a period ruled by a particular planet; †(b) an auspicious time as determined from the positions of the planets.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > hour > [noun]

tidea900

hourc1250

timea1325

hourglass1588

planetary hour1593

clock hour1600

ghurry1638

stricken hour1820

lunar hour1862

1593 [see sense A. 1a].

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §11 I was born in the Planetary hour of Saturn.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 109 This, gather'd in the Planetary Hour, With noxious Weeds, and spell'd with Words of pow'r.

1792 E. Jerningham Stone Henge 8 From sacred flocks their earliest fleeces wound. Shorn in the due, the planetary hour, When moons propitious shone with sovereign pow'r.

1872 Atlantic Monthly June 746/2 The healing virtues of many other herbs were ascribed to the planet under whose ascendency they were to be collected... A mistake in attending to the planetary hour would render these substances entirely inert.

1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 929/1 Because these hours varied in length as the duration of the period of daylight and darkness changed with the seasons, they were referred to as temporal, unequal, or sometimes planetary hours.

planetary mill n. Metallurgy a heavy rolling mill for flattening metal in a single pass, the hot slab being forced between two large rolls each of which has a number of smaller work rolls around its circumference, the former being rotated in the direction of feed so that the latter rotate against the strip.

ΚΠ

1953 Engineer 23 Oct. 526/2 The first commercial installation of a new design of hot strip rolling mill..has been installed at the works of Ductile Planetary Mills, Ltd., of Willenhall, Staffs.

1968 R. N. Parkins Mech. Treatm. Metals iv. 213 The great advantage of the planetary mill is that it can reduce a hot slab directly to strip, thereby replacing the three or four roughing mills and the six-stand finishing mill.

1990 Minerals Engin. 3 35 The nutating mill is an adaptation of the concept of the centrifugal or planetary mill, in an arrangement which overcomes the mechanical limitations..of past experience with centrifugal mills.

planetary mixer n. a mixer or stirrer in which paddles are rotated about an axis which itself is moved in a circular path.

ΚΠ

1950 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. V. 707 Small-scale laboratory and pilot-plant models of planetary mixers..are available.

1992 Internat. Jrnl. Food Sci. & Nutrition 43 27/2 An ‘all in’ mixing procedure was used with a..planetary mixer equipped with a flat blade.

planetary nebula n. Astronomy an expanding shell of gaseous material surrounding a star which has ejected it.

ΚΠ

1785 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 75 266 A very bright, planetary nebula, about half a minute in diameter, but the edges are not very well defined.

1854 D. Brewster More Worlds xi. 173 Planetary nebulae, or such as resemble planets from their discs being round or slightly oval.

1917 Science 25 May 543/2 The nuclear stars of the planetary nebulæ.

1994 Sci. Amer. Oct. 39/2 The last stages of burning are unstable: the star pushes off its outer layers to form a shell of gas called a planetary nebula.

planetary precession n. Astronomy the part of the precession of the earth's axis that is caused by the gravitational attraction of the other planets in the solar system.

ΚΠ

1863 W. Chauvenet Man. Spherical & Pract. Astron. I. xi. 604 The planetary precession does not affect the declination of stars, but changes their right ascensions, their longitudes, and their latitudes.

1971 R. H. Baker & L. W. Fredrick Astron. (ed. 9) ii. 49 Planetary precession is the effect of other planets on the plane of the equator, so that its intersection with the ecliptic shifts slowly towards the east along the celestial equator.

1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 34/2 The plane of the Earth's orbit also changes due to the gravitational effects of the planets (planetary precession).

planetary stirrer n. = planetary mixer n.

ΚΠ

1950 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. V. 705 In a planetary stirrer, the paddle rotates and at the same time the axis about which it rotates follows a circular orbit.

1997 Adhesives Age (Nexis) Oct. 16 The orbital mixing pattern ensures that the planetary stirrers cover every point within the vessel quickly.

planetary system n. [compare French système planétaire (1740)] a system comprising a star and its planets; the solar system; (also figurative) a system of correlated parts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > [noun] > planetary system

planetary system1699

chorus1701

planetarium1835

1699 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 337 Tho' it be impossible for us ever to see those Planets, by reason of their vast Distance, yet from the analogy that is between the Sun and Stars, we may judge of the planetary Systems about them, and of the Planets themselves too, which probably are like the planetary Bodies about the Sun.

1730 Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 159 This Revolution [of Venus] he makes greatly different from those of the Earth and Mars (the two Bodies next in order of the Planetary System) both in the Position of the Axis and the Time of the Period.

1816 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. (ed. 2) II. ii. iv. 289 They proved, that the planetary system is stable.

1869 tr. F. A. Pouchet Universe (1871) 511 All the stars are, according to Kepler, only suns like ours, each of which has its planetary system.

1996 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 106 59/3 The discovery opens up a whole new area of research in astronomy—the study of comparative planetary systems.

planetary wave n. Meteorology a westward-moving undulation of air with a wavelength of thousands of kilometres, which forms in the troposphere and propagates into the stratosphere, transporting heat towards the poles and affecting the formation and distribution of ozone holes; cf. Rossby wave n. at Rossby n. 2.

ΚΠ

1951 J. Namias in T. F. Malone Compend. Meteorol. 803 The speed of propagation of planetary wave energy from one system to another often takes place at a rate appreciably greater than the actual speed of the air particles in any observable atmospheric layer.

2002 New Scientist 26 Oct. 89/4 The continents of the northern hemisphere drive quasi-stationary ‘planetary waves’ in the atmosphere.

planetary year n. [compare French année planétaire (1701)] Astronomy the period of revolution of a planet round a star, esp. of a planet of the solar system around the sun.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. at Planetary Planetary years, the periods of time in which the several planets make their respective revolutions round the sun.

1958 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 9 237 He explains the different length of the different planetary years by assuming a fixed proportion between each planet's year and its distance from the sun.

1994 Callaloo 17 253 It had taken ten planetary years before to reach a consensus to lift the self-imposed planetary isolation and send the expedition team to old Earth.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	planetary
释义	planetaryadj.n. Brit. /ˈplanᵻt(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈplænəˌtɛri/ Forms: 1500s– planetary, 1600s planetarie, 1600s plannetary. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French planétaire; Latin planetarius. Etymology: Partly < Middle French, French planétaire of or relating to the planets (1553; < planète planet n. + -aire -ary suffix¹), and partly < post-classical Latin planetarius (noun) astrologer (c400 in Augustine) < classical Latin planēta planet n. + -ārius -ary suffix¹. (The expected Latin adjective would be planētāris ; compare post-classical Latin stellaris stellar adj.). Compare Italian planetario (1521). A. adj. 1. a. Of, relating to, or belonging to a planet or planets; of the nature of or resembling a planet; having a motion like that of a planet. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > [adjective] planetical?a1563 planetary1593 planetal1624 planetic1631 planetarian1652 planeted1745 planetocentric1856 preplanetary1869 protoplanetary1957 1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 43 Which may shew the place of the Sunne in every Signe, and likewise the planetary or vnequall houres. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. ii. 85 Of Starres some are fixed, and some are Planetary or wandring. a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) v. ii. 131 As the Sun in the Firmament is said to walk from one Planetary house to another. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 11 To stretch our Victories beyond Th' Extent of planetary Ground. 1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. iii. §20. 425 The Inclination of any Planetary Orbit to the Plane of the Ecliptic. 1777 W. Cole Observ. & Conjectures Nature & Properties Light & Theory Comets 40 When they [sc. comets] descend into the planetary regions, they gravitate toward the sun. 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 299 (note) Lilly..was universally reputed for his supposed planetary knowledge. 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. iii. iv. 220 The determination of the planetary orbits. 1879 A. D. T. Whitney Sights & Insights (new ed.) I. xxxii. 307 It was something planetary that beamed about her; she was an evening star in the western glow. 1960 Analog Sci. Fact & Fiction Oct. 34/1 We are coming off Mass-Time to go on planetary drive. 1981 R. Miller & W. K. Hartmann Traveller's Guide Solar Syst. 8/3 One relationship we find among major planetary bodies is a sequence of compositions that varies primarily with their different distances from the sun. 2003 New Yorker 8 Sept. 38/2 Its pictures..produced euphoria among planetary scientists in the late nineties. b. Chiefly Astrology. Caused by a planet; of or relating to the supposed influence of a planet over persons or events. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > planet planetary1614 1614 G. Markham 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. iv. 64 By Thunder, Lightning, or other planetarie [printed plantarie] stroakes. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 109 Be as a Plannetary plague, when Ioue Will o're some high-Vic'd City, hang his poyson In the sicke ayre. View more context for this quotation 1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 99 Casting Schemes, by planetary guess. 1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 92 The Captain..perceiving him, by I know not what private Planetary Marks, to be an Engine, form'd..for his Use. 1772–84 J. Cook Voy. (1790) V. 1649 They also, in some degree, maintain our old doctrine of planetary influence. 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. i. iv. 109 The astrological scheme of the Aztecs was founded less on the planetary influences than on those of the arbitrary signs they had adopted for the months and days. 1861 C. W. King Antique Gems (1866) 459 Planetary rings, to which wonderful virtues were ascribed in the Middle Ages, were formed of the gems assigned to the several planets, each set in its appropriate metal. 1979 D. Edmands & A. Edmands Child Signs i. 29 We can..identify the powerful planetary focus that corresponds to her sobriety. 1992 Prediction May 29/2 You will discover..what particular rune sequences have an affinity with your sign and its planetary ruler. †c. Heraldry. Relating to the use of the names of planets for tinctures. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [adjective] > of tinctures: named after planets planetary1661 1661 S. Morgan Sphere of Gentry iii. iv. 37 The planetary part of blazon doth well become persons that are above the vulgar. 2. figurative. Wandering; erratic; itinerant. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > [adjective] > moving without fixed course vaganta1382 scatteringc1450 stragglinga1560 wandering1590 undirecteda1599 wayless1605 planetary1607 rambling?1609 exorbitant1613 exorbitating1632 random1655 unconducteda1677 devious1735 truant1791 wild1810 erratic1841 directionless1860 scrolloping1923 the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > capricious or whimsical startfulmood?a1300 wildc1350 volage?a1366 gerfulc1374 geryc1386 wild-headeda1400 skittishc1412 gerish1430 shittle1440 shittle-witted1448 runningc1449 volageous1487 glaikit1488 fantasious1490 giggish1523 tickle or light of the sear?1530 fantastical1531 wayward1531 wantona1538 peevish1539 light-headed1549 humoral1573 unstaid1579 shittle-headed1580 toy-headed1581 fangled1587 humorous1589 choiceful1591 toyish1598 tricksy1598 skip-brain1603 capricious1605 humoursome1607 planetary1607 vertiginous1609 whimsieda1625 ingiddied1628 whimsy1637 toysome1638 cocklec1640 mercurial1647 garish1650 maggoty1650 kicksey-winseya1652 freakish1653 humourish1653 planetic1653 whimsical1653 shittle-braineda1655 freaking1663 maggoty-headed1667 maggot-pated1681 hoity-toity1690 maggotish1693 maggot-headeda1695 whimsy-headed1699 fantasque1701 crotchetly1702 quixotic1718 volatile1719 holloweda1734 conundrumical1743 flighty1768 fly-away1775 dizzy1780 whimmy1785 shy1787 whimming1787 quirky1789 notional1791 tricksome1815 vagarish1819 freakful1820 faddy1824 moodish1827 mawky1837 erratic1841 rockety1843 quirkish1848 maggoty-pated1850 crotchetya1854 freaksome1854 faddish1855 vagrom1882 fantasied1883 vagarisome1883 on-and-offish1888 tricksical1889 freaky1891 hobby-horsical1893 quirksome1896 temperamental1907 up and down1960 untogether1969 fanciful- fantastic- 1607 Bp. J. King Serm. Oxon 5 Nov. 26 Other planetary, cursorie, moueable from place to place, as Gerard, Tesmond, Hammond, Hal, with the like. 1636 W. Sampson Vow Breaker i. i. sig. B2 Weomens minds are planetary, and amble as fast as Virginalls Iackes. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. vii. §68 I am credibly informed he..disliked his own erratical and planetary life. 1708 Brit. Apollo 30 July–4 Aug. Such a Planetary Auditor, who thus wanders in his Approach to God..seems to prefer his Gratification to his Instruction. 1710 J. Norris Treat. Christian Prudence iii. 116 Such wandring, unprincipled, Planetary men as these. 1900 Daily News 22 Jan. 4/7 Readers..must have been struck with his planetary career over the face of the globe. 3. Of or relating to the earth; terrestrial; worldwide, global. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [adjective] earthya1398 subcelestial1561 terrestrial1597 sublunary1609 beneatha1616 terrene1635 subsidereal1636 under-celestial1640 subsolar1648 subsolary1661 planetary1831 earthside1951 Terran1953 1831 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 769 The Latin language has a planetary importance; it belongs not to this land or that land, but to all lands. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch II. xli. 347 To Uriel watching the progress of planetary history from the Sun, the one result would be just as much of a coincidence as the other. a1901 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality (1903) I. §320. 96 That..response to our surroundings which forms not only the planetary but the cosmic history of all our race. 1975 Weekend Mag. (Montreal) 6 Dec. 28/3 The Greenpeace eco-activists, noted for their campaigns against nuclear testing and the slaughter of whales, are by no means alone in expounding the new planetary morality. 1996 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 4 Aug. a1 In the opinion of many experts, no other event has had the painful planetary consequences of the Afghan War. 4. Mechanics. Designating, relating to, or involving a part which rotates about its own centre or central axis, while the axis itself rotates about a point outside the part; spec. designating or involving epicyclic gearing. Cf. sun-and-planet adj. at sun n.¹ Compounds 5a. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [adjective] > other overhead1682 step by step1803 belt-tightening1873 throw-out1883 planetary1904 preselective1925 silky1935 servomechanical1946 servoing1959 switched1962 quartz-locked1977 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [adjective] > types of cogs or gears sun-and-planet1796 spiral gearinga1877 chainless1897 planetary1904 epicyclic1906 hypoid1926 positraction1957 1904 T. H. White Petrol Motors & Motor Cars ii. 108 When the pinion A is revolved, and the internally toothed ring B is held from revolving, the planetary pinions C are caused to run around the ring B and carry the plate D with them. 1910 Cycl. Automobile Engin. I. 210 The most usual place in which the band clutch is found is in connection with a planetary transmission. 1917 T. R. Shaw Precision Grinding Machines ii. 28 Grinding machines with planetary spindles, specially adapted to the requirements of locomotive building. 1935 Sci. Monthly Nov. 475/2 To produce the rising and setting of the stars, the instrument is driven by motors about its polar axis. Speeds of 10 and 4, 3 and 1 minutes and their combinations (made possible by planetary gearing) may be used for this diurnal motion. 1969 Jane's Freight Containers 1968–9 583/3 Torque converter is standard. All drive wheels planetary drive powered. 1971 C. R. Hine Machine Tools & Processes xiv. 330 The planetary miller is unique in that the work is held stationary while the revolving cutter or cutters move in a planetary path to finish a circular surface on the work, either internally or externally. 1991 Consumers Digest Dec. 117/2 This model has a powerful 600-watt motor, variable speeds and planetary action that allow for flawless mixing. B. n. †1. An astrologer, an astronomer. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > [noun] > person astrologera1382 castera1382 astronomera1387 planetist1509 horoscoper1561 figure-caster1584 figure-flinger1587 philomath1611 judiciary1618 planetary1625 astromancer1652 astromantic1652 configurator1652 horoscopist1652 planetarian1652 Babylonian1677 1625 T. Godwin Moses & Aaron iv. x. 210 As if the Originall signified properly a Planetary, or Starre-gazer. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 142 Now is the Planetary more malignant or malefick..than are all the Planets themselves. a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) XI. 103 Which sufficiently prove the greatest pretenders to it [sc. astrology] to be indeed but mere planetaries; that is, as we may well interpret it from the force of the word, such as use to err and to be deceived. †2. A planetary body (in quot. 1819 figurative). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > [noun] superior planet1577 better star1600 planet1640 planetary1819 exoplanet1992 1819 Metropolis (ed. 2) I. 221 You are a fixed star in the firmament of attraction, around which we minor planetaries revolve with delight. 3. Astronomy. A planetary nebula. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > nebula > [noun] > planetary nebula dumb-bell nebula184. crab1868 planetary1903 reflection nebula1936 1903 A. M. Clerke Probl. Astrophysics ii. i. 175 Spectroscopically, they [sc. Novae] simulate minute ‘planetaries’. 1930 Sci. Monthly Mar. 214/1 Condensation begins and the spectrum and appearance change as in the large nebula M 8 and in some of the planetaries. 1993 I. King in H. Dejonghe & H. J. Habing IAU Symp. 153: Galactic Bulges 10 A year ago I didn't know a thing about planetaries, but then I looked at my first ultraviolet HST image of the centre of M31, and it was full of post-asymptotic-giant-branch stars which are nuclei of planetaries. 4. Mechanics. A planetary gear; a planet wheel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > planet planet wheel1799 planet pinion1908 planet1912 planet gear1916 planetary1941 1941 Electronic Engin. 14 166/1 The planetary of the differential is connected to a gear-reduction train. 1962 D. W. Dudley Gear Handbk. iii. 21 Bevel planetaries can be made to handle a range of ratios. 1990 Peterson's 4-wheel & Off-road May 61/3 We see much the same action inside the transfer case, but the gear reduction is accomplished by the planetary. Compounds planetary day n. [compare French jour planétaire (1674)] Astrology a day of the week, considered in respect of its ruling planet. ΚΠ 1674 J. Moxon Tutor to Astron. & Geogr. (ed. 3) iv. iii. 130 The first of these Planetary Hours takes its denomination from the Planetary Day; and the rest are named orderly from that Planet according to the succession of the Planetary Orbs. 1927 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 17 135 While the Chronographus of 354 and Vettius Valens agree in making the planetary day begin at sunset, Vettius Valens gives the hour following sunset to the planet of the new day, while the Chronographus of 354 gives the hour following sunrise to that planet. 1974 Progress (Clearfield, Pa.) 4 Apr. 20/4 Capricorn... A fine planetary day! Press for satisfactory progressive action, but do not strain to get ahead of yourself. planetary electron n. an electron which is bound to an atomic nucleus. ΚΠ 1919 Times 1 Mar. 7/4 The nucleus consisted of positive electrons, the planetary electrons being negative. 1991 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 42 341 The atoms of a given element have many properties in common beyond possessing the same number of planetary electrons (the defining property). planetary ellipsoid n. Mathematics (now rare) an ellipsoid formed by revolving an ellipse about its conjugate (shorter) axis. ΚΠ 1879 Proc. Royal Soc. 29 98 The results..are found, in the first instance, for an ellipsoid whose major axis is the axis of revolution, but a slight alteration will render them applicable also to a planetary ellipsoid. 1934 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 232 227 The surfaces, α = const., constitute the family of planetary ellipsoids. planetary engineering n. chiefly Science Fiction = terraforming n.; (also) the artificial construction of planets. ΚΠ 1936 J. Williamson in Astounding Stories July 129/1 Planetary engineering is expensive..especially when the equipment would have to be brought so far. It would have been nearly impossible for any one to develop such a remote asteroid secretly. 1951 A. C. Clarke Explor. of Space 118 The greatest technical achievements of the next few centuries may well be in the field of what could be called ‘planetary engineering’—the reshaping of other worlds to suit human needs. 1995 Economist 23 Dec. 120/1 By that time, mankind will need to have mastered the arts of planetary engineering for the earth's sake; a new ice age is due long before then. planetary gear n. Mechanics (a) an epicyclic gear; (b) any gearwheel whose axis revolves around another wheel; a planet wheel. ΚΠ 1860 Sci. Amer. 23 June 406/1 Upon the same shaft are two double-beveled gears, a a, which revolve loosely thereon in opposite directions, each engaging with a small planetary gear, b, which revolves loosely upon the stud, c, which is fast to the shaft, I. 1917 E. Butler Transmission Gears iii. 66 The first use of a planetary reducing gear as a transmission between a petrol motor and the driving wheel of an automobile, was made in 1888–9 by Edward Butler on his petrol cycle. 1975 Sci. Amer. Dec. 120/2 The upper end of the larger planetary gear engages a spur gear fixed to a turntable. 1991 New Scientist 1 June 24/3 Planetary gear modules can be combined to provide exposure times ranging from 1/30th of a second to 2 minutes. planetary hour n. [compare French heure planétaire (1611 in Cotgrave in sense ‘one twelfth of the natural day or night’)] (a) (now historical) one twelfth of the natural day or night (varying in length according to the time of the year and the latitude of the observer), esp. (in Astrology) such a period ruled by a particular planet; †(b) an auspicious time as determined from the positions of the planets. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > hour > [noun] tidea900 hourc1250 timea1325 hourglass1588 planetary hour1593 clock hour1600 ghurry1638 stricken hour1820 lunar hour1862 1593 [see sense A. 1a]. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §11 I was born in the Planetary hour of Saturn. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 109 This, gather'd in the Planetary Hour, With noxious Weeds, and spell'd with Words of pow'r. View more context for this quotation 1792 E. Jerningham Stone Henge 8 From sacred flocks their earliest fleeces wound. Shorn in the due, the planetary hour, When moons propitious shone with sovereign pow'r. 1872 Atlantic Monthly June 746/2 The healing virtues of many other herbs were ascribed to the planet under whose ascendency they were to be collected... A mistake in attending to the planetary hour would render these substances entirely inert. 1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 929/1 Because these hours varied in length as the duration of the period of daylight and darkness changed with the seasons, they were referred to as temporal, unequal, or sometimes planetary hours. planetary mill n. Metallurgy a heavy rolling mill for flattening metal in a single pass, the hot slab being forced between two large rolls each of which has a number of smaller work rolls around its circumference, the former being rotated in the direction of feed so that the latter rotate against the strip. ΚΠ 1953 Engineer 23 Oct. 526/2 The first commercial installation of a new design of hot strip rolling mill..has been installed at the works of Ductile Planetary Mills, Ltd., of Willenhall, Staffs. 1968 R. N. Parkins Mech. Treatm. Metals iv. 213 The great advantage of the planetary mill is that it can reduce a hot slab directly to strip, thereby replacing the three or four roughing mills and the six-stand finishing mill. 1990 Minerals Engin. 3 35 The nutating mill is an adaptation of the concept of the centrifugal or planetary mill, in an arrangement which overcomes the mechanical limitations..of past experience with centrifugal mills. planetary mixer n. a mixer or stirrer in which paddles are rotated about an axis which itself is moved in a circular path. ΚΠ 1950 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. V. 707 Small-scale laboratory and pilot-plant models of planetary mixers..are available. 1992 Internat. Jrnl. Food Sci. & Nutrition 43 27/2 An ‘all in’ mixing procedure was used with a..planetary mixer equipped with a flat blade. planetary nebula n. Astronomy an expanding shell of gaseous material surrounding a star which has ejected it. ΚΠ 1785 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 75 266 A very bright, planetary nebula, about half a minute in diameter, but the edges are not very well defined. 1854 D. Brewster More Worlds xi. 173 Planetary nebulae, or such as resemble planets from their discs being round or slightly oval. 1917 Science 25 May 543/2 The nuclear stars of the planetary nebulæ. 1994 Sci. Amer. Oct. 39/2 The last stages of burning are unstable: the star pushes off its outer layers to form a shell of gas called a planetary nebula. planetary precession n. Astronomy the part of the precession of the earth's axis that is caused by the gravitational attraction of the other planets in the solar system. ΚΠ 1863 W. Chauvenet Man. Spherical & Pract. Astron. I. xi. 604 The planetary precession does not affect the declination of stars, but changes their right ascensions, their longitudes, and their latitudes. 1971 R. H. Baker & L. W. Fredrick Astron. (ed. 9) ii. 49 Planetary precession is the effect of other planets on the plane of the equator, so that its intersection with the ecliptic shifts slowly towards the east along the celestial equator. 1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 34/2 The plane of the Earth's orbit also changes due to the gravitational effects of the planets (planetary precession). planetary stirrer n. = planetary mixer n. ΚΠ 1950 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. V. 705 In a planetary stirrer, the paddle rotates and at the same time the axis about which it rotates follows a circular orbit. 1997 Adhesives Age (Nexis) Oct. 16 The orbital mixing pattern ensures that the planetary stirrers cover every point within the vessel quickly. planetary system n. [compare French système planétaire (1740)] a system comprising a star and its planets; the solar system; (also figurative) a system of correlated parts. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > [noun] > planetary system planetary system1699 chorus1701 planetarium1835 1699 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 337 Tho' it be impossible for us ever to see those Planets, by reason of their vast Distance, yet from the analogy that is between the Sun and Stars, we may judge of the planetary Systems about them, and of the Planets themselves too, which probably are like the planetary Bodies about the Sun. 1730 Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 159 This Revolution [of Venus] he makes greatly different from those of the Earth and Mars (the two Bodies next in order of the Planetary System) both in the Position of the Axis and the Time of the Period. 1816 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. (ed. 2) II. ii. iv. 289 They proved, that the planetary system is stable. 1869 tr. F. A. Pouchet Universe (1871) 511 All the stars are, according to Kepler, only suns like ours, each of which has its planetary system. 1996 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 106 59/3 The discovery opens up a whole new area of research in astronomy—the study of comparative planetary systems. planetary wave n. Meteorology a westward-moving undulation of air with a wavelength of thousands of kilometres, which forms in the troposphere and propagates into the stratosphere, transporting heat towards the poles and affecting the formation and distribution of ozone holes; cf. Rossby wave n. at Rossby n. 2. ΚΠ 1951 J. Namias in T. F. Malone Compend. Meteorol. 803 The speed of propagation of planetary wave energy from one system to another often takes place at a rate appreciably greater than the actual speed of the air particles in any observable atmospheric layer. 2002 New Scientist 26 Oct. 89/4 The continents of the northern hemisphere drive quasi-stationary ‘planetary waves’ in the atmosphere. planetary year n. [compare French année planétaire (1701)] Astronomy the period of revolution of a planet round a star, esp. of a planet of the solar system around the sun. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. at Planetary Planetary years, the periods of time in which the several planets make their respective revolutions round the sun. 1958 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 9 237 He explains the different length of the different planetary years by assuming a fixed proportion between each planet's year and its distance from the sun. 1994 Callaloo 17 253 It had taken ten planetary years before to reach a consensus to lift the self-imposed planetary isolation and send the expedition team to old Earth. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1593
随便看	métissage métisse métisses météor mézair mêlée möbius möbius band möbius strip möbius surface möbius transformation mössbauer mössbauer effect mössbauer spectroscopy müller müller's fluid müller's larva müller-lyer müller-thurgau müllerian müllerian duct müllerlyer müllers glass müllerthurgau münchen