pleadern.¹

Brit.

/ˈpliːdə/, U.S.

/ˈplidər/

Forms:

α. Middle English plaidor, Middle English plaidour, Middle English playdur, Middle English pleadour, Middle English pledere, Middle English pledir, Middle English pledour, Middle English pledre, Middle English–1500s pleder, 1500s– pleader; Scottish pre-1700 pledour, pre-1700 pleidar, pre-1700 pleydar, pre-1700 pleyder, pre-1700 1700s– pleader.

β. Middle English plaiter, Middle English playtere, Middle English playtour, Middle English pleetar, Middle English pletar, Middle English pletare, Middle English pletere, Middle English pletour, Middle English–1500s pleter, 1500s pleater.

Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Perhaps also partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French plaidur ; plead v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: Originally < Anglo-Norman plaidur, pleder, pledour, pleidour, pleidur person who pleads in a law court, advocate (early 13th cent. or earlier; compare Old French plaideor (c1210), Middle French, French plaideur (1395 or earlier in this form); < plaider , plaidier , pleder , pleider , etc. plead v. + Anglo-Norman -er , -or , -our -our suffix; compare -er suffix²); compare post-classical Latin placitator person who brings litigation on behalf of another (especially the king; late 11th cent. in British sources), person who attends litigation with a litigant (12th cent. in British sources), person who pleads on behalf of another, advocate (13th cent. in British sources). In later use in sense 2 perhaps partly < plead v. + -er suffix¹. In β forms after the β forms at plead v.Apparently attested earlier as a surname, although it is uncertain whether the following example shows currency of the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word:c1170 in H. E. Salter Cartulary Oseney Abbey (1929) I. 334 Radulfus Plaidur.

a. Law. A person who pleads in a law court; an advocate.See also special pleader n.¹

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > one who pleads

pleader?a1300

mooterc1450

oratress1562

case-putter1680

α.

?a1300 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 769 Þes plaidours [v.r. playdurs] beþ wel kene, Þat..al þis ounriȝt demeþ.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 3416 (MED) That dai mai no consail availe; The pledour and the plee schal faile.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 252 (MED) Þus seien pleders and pursueris, þat þei done þus al for love.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 6149 (MED) Thou takest litil heede..off plederes [1554 pleters], which for lucre & meede Meyntene quarelis.

a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) iii. iv. f. 15^v (MED) Now have ye your ioye..Ye tyrauntes, ye pledoures, ye aduocates of constorijs of the bisshopes & popes court.

?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Ciiij Yet is in the cyte, a nombre incurable Pleders, and brokers, a foule and shamefast rable.

1630 P. Massinger Picture sig. E2^v The tradesman, marchant, and litigious pleader (And such like Scarabes bred 'ith dung of peace).

1699 E. Ward London Spy I. viii. 11 We adjourn'd..to the Kings-Bench-Bar, where two Pleaders..were mixing their Arguments.

1769 J. Kennedy Descr. Antiq. & Curiosities in Wilton-House 34 His right arm is bare, as antiently was usual with the Roman Pleaders.

1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxviii. 315 The learning of a pleader is usually upon a level with his integrity.

1825 W. Scott Let. 29 Nov. I am writing in the Court..little..enlivened by the thrumming of two very dull pleaders.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xxxix. 3 The bench..Where stands a pleader just prepar'd to rouse our tears.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 241/1 The qualifications, admissions, numbers and fees of counsel had become a matter of state regulation to designate the pleaders as a class of professional men.

1981 Halsbury's Laws of Eng. xxxvi. 3 A practice arose by about the reign of Edward IV by which the pleader delivered his pleading already written, and its entry on the roll was deferred until later in the action.

1995 R. G. McEwan Pleading in Court 1 The pleader who secures the confidence of the court will not only be successful, but will enjoy the work he undertakes.

β. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 (MED) Þe ualse plaiteres..onderuongeþ an sostinet þe ualse causes.a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 8744 (MED) Playtour he was and ryche man fyne, For of þe cherche of Myleyne was he playtour, More for mede þan Goddes onour.1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 95 I suppose that in alle Cristendom ar not so many pletars attorneys and men of the lawe as ben in englond onely.a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 8 (MED) Advocatis and pletouris..by sotilte and wickidnesse getith þe goode of þis wordle.?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors Contents sig. A2 That all iudges and pleaters at the barre may lyue of a stypend.1563 R. Reynolds Foundacion of Rhetorike 48 Ye men of Athenes, againste my will, you have me a counsailer, or pleater of causes before you.

†b. In extended use: an oppressor, a plunderer. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xxxix. 7 He [sc. the wild ass] despiseþ þe multitude of þe cite; þe cri of þe pledere [L. exactoris] he hereþ not.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. iii. 12 My puple his pleteres [L. exactores], or wrong axers, spoileden.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1731 (MED) Wickidly þou haues..Puruayd þe pletours [L. latrunculos] oure partis to ride..a selly nounbre..Of laddis & of losengers & of litill theuys.

†c. A litigant. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > party in litigation > [noun]

partyc1300

pleaderc1626

litigant1660

c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 226 Anent theme that ar nocht temerarious pleyderis.

1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xx. 89 Pleaders are miserable; for sooner shall they attain to the end of their lives, then to the final decision of their pretended rights.

2. gen. A person who pleads, entreats, implores, or intercedes.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > one who requests > [noun] > one who petitions or appeals

beseecher1382

petitioner1414

suitor1414

orator1417

suppliantc1422

supplicant1475

soliciter1536

solicitor1551

oratricle1574

pleader1584

supplicationer1585

beggar1589

incaller?1591

supplicator1593

petitor1596

beadsman1600

impetrator1605

implorer1611

imploratora1616

replicant1622

invokera1649

prostrate1648

deprecator1656

appellant1704

memorialist1706

applicationer1710

postulant1733

invocant1751

solicitant1821

petitionist1822

memorializer1859

1584 D. Fenner Artes of Logike & Rethorike iii. sig. D3 Oratours, with vs [are] called eloquent pleaders.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. i. 36 But sure if you Would be your Countries Pleader, your good tongue... Might stop our Countryman.

a1635 R. Sibbes Heavenly Conf. (1656) 47 We have a pleader in heaven, that will take our part against the accuser of our brethren.

1712 G. Berkeley Passive Obed. §33. 42 One great Principle which the Pleaders for Resistance make the Ground-Work of their Doctrine.

1750 W. Shirley Edward Black Prince ii. i. 16 Do not awake, thou lovely Pleader, do not, Such Tumult-working Thoughts within a Mind On Madness verging.

1816 B. Waterhouse Jrnl. Young Man Mass. (1911) iii. 263 The surgeon of the ship said to me one day, after listening to some of our native salt-water pleaders, ‘these countrymen of yours are the most extraordinary men.’

1884 F. M. Müller in 19th Cent. June 1016 We know how able, how persuasive a pleader Darwin could be.

1913 Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7 Sept. 6/3 Such daring dips that antis got mixed with the most ardent pleaders, and there was a small stampede.

1990 Omni July 40/1 But he was a nonstop needler, wheedler, pleader, seducer. In the language of my forefathers, he was a nudzh.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pleader
释义	pleadern.¹ Brit. /ˈpliːdə/, U.S. /ˈplidər/ Forms: α. Middle English plaidor, Middle English plaidour, Middle English playdur, Middle English pleadour, Middle English pledere, Middle English pledir, Middle English pledour, Middle English pledre, Middle English–1500s pleder, 1500s– pleader; Scottish pre-1700 pledour, pre-1700 pleidar, pre-1700 pleydar, pre-1700 pleyder, pre-1700 1700s– pleader. β. Middle English plaiter, Middle English playtere, Middle English playtour, Middle English pleetar, Middle English pletar, Middle English pletare, Middle English pletere, Middle English pletour, Middle English–1500s pleter, 1500s pleater. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Perhaps also partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French plaidur ; plead v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: Originally < Anglo-Norman plaidur, pleder, pledour, pleidour, pleidur person who pleads in a law court, advocate (early 13th cent. or earlier; compare Old French plaideor (c1210), Middle French, French plaideur (1395 or earlier in this form); < plaider , plaidier , pleder , pleider , etc. plead v. + Anglo-Norman -er , -or , -our -our suffix; compare -er suffix²); compare post-classical Latin placitator person who brings litigation on behalf of another (especially the king; late 11th cent. in British sources), person who attends litigation with a litigant (12th cent. in British sources), person who pleads on behalf of another, advocate (13th cent. in British sources). In later use in sense 2 perhaps partly < plead v. + -er suffix¹. In β forms after the β forms at plead v.Apparently attested earlier as a surname, although it is uncertain whether the following example shows currency of the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word:c1170 in H. E. Salter Cartulary Oseney Abbey (1929) I. 334 Radulfus Plaidur. 1. a. Law. A person who pleads in a law court; an advocate.See also special pleader n.¹ ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > one who pleads pleader?a1300 mooterc1450 oratress1562 case-putter1680 α. ?a1300 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 769 Þes plaidours [v.r. playdurs] beþ wel kene, Þat..al þis ounriȝt demeþ. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 3416 (MED) That dai mai no consail availe; The pledour and the plee schal faile. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 252 (MED) Þus seien pleders and pursueris, þat þei done þus al for love. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 6149 (MED) Thou takest litil heede..off plederes [1554 pleters], which for lucre & meede Meyntene quarelis. a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) iii. iv. f. 15^v (MED) Now have ye your ioye..Ye tyrauntes, ye pledoures, ye aduocates of constorijs of the bisshopes & popes court. ?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Ciiij Yet is in the cyte, a nombre incurable Pleders, and brokers, a foule and shamefast rable. 1630 P. Massinger Picture sig. E2^v The tradesman, marchant, and litigious pleader (And such like Scarabes bred 'ith dung of peace). 1699 E. Ward London Spy I. viii. 11 We adjourn'd..to the Kings-Bench-Bar, where two Pleaders..were mixing their Arguments. 1769 J. Kennedy Descr. Antiq. & Curiosities in Wilton-House 34 His right arm is bare, as antiently was usual with the Roman Pleaders. 1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxviii. 315 The learning of a pleader is usually upon a level with his integrity. 1825 W. Scott Let. 29 Nov. I am writing in the Court..little..enlivened by the thrumming of two very dull pleaders. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xxxix. 3 The bench..Where stands a pleader just prepar'd to rouse our tears. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 241/1 The qualifications, admissions, numbers and fees of counsel had become a matter of state regulation to designate the pleaders as a class of professional men. 1981 Halsbury's Laws of Eng. xxxvi. 3 A practice arose by about the reign of Edward IV by which the pleader delivered his pleading already written, and its entry on the roll was deferred until later in the action. 1995 R. G. McEwan Pleading in Court 1 The pleader who secures the confidence of the court will not only be successful, but will enjoy the work he undertakes. β. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 (MED) Þe ualse plaiteres..onderuongeþ an sostinet þe ualse causes.a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 8744 (MED) Playtour he was and ryche man fyne, For of þe cherche of Myleyne was he playtour, More for mede þan Goddes onour.1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 95 I suppose that in alle Cristendom ar not so many pletars attorneys and men of the lawe as ben in englond onely.a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 8 (MED) Advocatis and pletouris..by sotilte and wickidnesse getith þe goode of þis wordle.?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors Contents sig. A2 That all iudges and pleaters at the barre may lyue of a stypend.1563 R. Reynolds Foundacion of Rhetorike 48 Ye men of Athenes, againste my will, you have me a counsailer, or pleater of causes before you. †b. In extended use: an oppressor, a plunderer. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xxxix. 7 He [sc. the wild ass] despiseþ þe multitude of þe cite; þe cri of þe pledere [L. exactoris] he hereþ not. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. iii. 12 My puple his pleteres [L. exactores], or wrong axers, spoileden. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1731 (MED) Wickidly þou haues..Puruayd þe pletours [L. latrunculos] oure partis to ride..a selly nounbre..Of laddis & of losengers & of litill theuys. †c. A litigant. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > party in litigation > [noun] partyc1300 pleaderc1626 litigant1660 c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 226 Anent theme that ar nocht temerarious pleyderis. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xx. 89 Pleaders are miserable; for sooner shall they attain to the end of their lives, then to the final decision of their pretended rights. 2. gen. A person who pleads, entreats, implores, or intercedes. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > one who requests > [noun] > one who petitions or appeals beseecher1382 petitioner1414 suitor1414 orator1417 suppliantc1422 supplicant1475 soliciter1536 solicitor1551 oratricle1574 pleader1584 supplicationer1585 beggar1589 incaller?1591 supplicator1593 petitor1596 beadsman1600 impetrator1605 implorer1611 imploratora1616 replicant1622 invokera1649 prostrate1648 deprecator1656 appellant1704 memorialist1706 applicationer1710 postulant1733 invocant1751 solicitant1821 petitionist1822 memorializer1859 1584 D. Fenner Artes of Logike & Rethorike iii. sig. D3 Oratours, with vs [are] called eloquent pleaders. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. i. 36 But sure if you Would be your Countries Pleader, your good tongue... Might stop our Countryman. View more context for this quotation a1635 R. Sibbes Heavenly Conf. (1656) 47 We have a pleader in heaven, that will take our part against the accuser of our brethren. 1712 G. Berkeley Passive Obed. §33. 42 One great Principle which the Pleaders for Resistance make the Ground-Work of their Doctrine. 1750 W. Shirley Edward Black Prince ii. i. 16 Do not awake, thou lovely Pleader, do not, Such Tumult-working Thoughts within a Mind On Madness verging. 1816 B. Waterhouse Jrnl. Young Man Mass. (1911) iii. 263 The surgeon of the ship said to me one day, after listening to some of our native salt-water pleaders, ‘these countrymen of yours are the most extraordinary men.’ 1884 F. M. Müller in 19th Cent. June 1016 We know how able, how persuasive a pleader Darwin could be. 1913 Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7 Sept. 6/3 Such daring dips that antis got mixed with the most ardent pleaders, and there was a small stampede. 1990 Omni July 40/1 But he was a nonstop needler, wheedler, pleader, seducer. In the language of my forefathers, he was a nudzh. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † pleadern.² Forms: α. late Middle English pletere. β. 1500s–1600s pleader. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pleder. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pleder (second half of the 13th cent. or earlier, especially in feint pleder (see faint adj. 1b), beau pleder , bel pleder beaupleader n.), use as noun (compare -er suffix⁴) of infinitive of pleder plead v.; compare Middle French plaidier (noun) (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier), Middle French, French †plaider (noun) (second half of the 16th cent. or earlier). With the form pletere compare the β forms at plead v., plea n., as well as corresponding French forms cited at these entries; forms of pleder with medial -t- are apparently not attested in French. Law. Obsolete. rare. A pleading.faint pleader: see also faint adj. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] pleadinga1325 pleadera1500 pleadery1600 case-putting1645 a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 18 (MED) This was Merlynes pletere for his moder. 1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 24 The saide Manour..to be recovered by fainte pleader, reddicion or other fraude or covyne. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Dd4^v/1 Faint pleader..signifieth..a false covenous, or collusory maner of pleading. 1738 Cases King's Bench William III 229 His Testator took out a Writ against the Defendant.. and died during the Pleader. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹?a1300n.²a1500
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pleadern.1

† pleadern.2

pleadern.¹

† pleadern.²