plafondn.

Brit.

/plaˈfɒ̃/,

/plaˈfɒnd/, U.S.

/pləˈfɑnd/

Forms: 1600s platfound, 1600s–1800s platfond, 1700s plaffond.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French plafond, platfond.

Etymology: < French plafond, †platfond ceiling (1546 in Middle French as platfons ), painting on a ceiling (1639), soffit (1690) < plat flat (see plat adj. and adv.) + fond ceiling (1546 in this sense, in the compound platfons (see above), transferred use of fond bottom: see fond n.²). In sense 2 after French plafond, denoting a forerunner of contract bridge (although this is apparently first attested slightly later in the relevant sense: 1932; 1926 or earlier as bridge-plafond , so called because a player aimed to bid to his ceiling (see 6d) of tricks; earlier in sense ‘part of a bridge scoresheet where honours and penalties are recorded’ (1922)). The game of plafond was apparently invented in France in 1917–8, although other sources claim that it was played in the United States as early as 1915. N.E.D. (1907) gives only the non-naturalized pronunciation (plafoṅ) /plafɔ̃/.

1. Architecture. A ceiling, either flat or vaulted, esp. one decorated with paintings; (also) a soffit; (hence) a painting executed on a ceiling or soffit. †in plafond: on the ceiling (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > ceiling > [noun]

roofeOE

firstOE

first-roofOE

silour1424

siling1483

ceiling1535

loftingc1540

loft1596

floor1600

plafond1664

top1709

ceil1840

planchment1874

laquearia1922

overhead1942

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > entablature > cornice > corona > parts of or associated parts

modillion1563

plancher1565

cartouse1611

soffita1652

planceer1660

model1663

mundilion?1677

plafond1723

cartouche1726

cartridge-

1664 J. Evelyn tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. ii. ix. 110 Also they do rarely well about Platfonds and upon Ground-works.

1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) i. 87 The roof..is all guilt, and set with curious pictures in Platfound.

?c1710 J. Taylor Journey Edenborough (1903) 37 The plaffond is handsomely painted.

1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 52 The Plafond or Soffit of the Cornice.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Soffito In Architecture, any Plafond or Ceiling, form'd of cross Beams, or flying Cornices.

1801 H. Fuseli Lect. Painting I. ii.86 The platfonds, pannels, and cupolas of palaces and temples.

1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings xiii. 102 Naked female figures fill every plafond.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1016 Plafond or Platfond,..also the under-side of the projection of the larmier of the cornice; generally any sofite.

1882 Cent. Mag. Mar. 747/2 They certainly have not been used here to their utmost advantage in the little plafond corners, which..might have been modeled by anybody as well as by the best.

1997 T. Pynchon Mason & Dixon 412 The Plafond..runs to a full spectrum of colors, depicting not the wing'd beings of Heaven, but rather the Denizens of Hell, and quite busy at their Pleasures, too.

2. Cards. Also with capital initial. A French form of the card game bridge, which was adapted to become contract bridge. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > varieties of

nullo1893

duplicate1894

auction bridge1903

auction1908

contract1908

duplicate bridge1929

plafond1929

rubber bridge1935

1929 A. E. M. Foster Contract Bridge for All i. 8 When a player and his partner elect to take tricks to complete the contract, no bonus is scored in respect of any tricks taken by reason of a revoke... The game of Plafond, played in France, is on the same basis.

1933 A. E. M. Foster Bridge-Plafond 17 Plafond was invented in France in 1918, and it is still played widely on the Continent.

1963 G. F. Harvey Handbk. Card Games 131 The Continental game of Plafond, the main feature of which was (because the game is no longer played) that tricks must be contracted for in order to be scored towards game.

1975 Times 15 Nov. 13/5 In May 1925, Mr Vanderbilt..joined in a rubber of the continental game of plafond. He saw possibilities in the game, added the attraction of vulnerability,..introduced it to the [New York] Whist Club under the name of Contract Bridge.

1992 Independent (Nexis) 6 Apr. 20 She was born Rika Scharfstein in Vienna in 1910 and became a dedicated card-player at a young age. Plafond, an early form of contract bridge, was a youthful passion.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	plafond
释义	plafondn. Brit. /plaˈfɒ̃/, /plaˈfɒnd/, U.S. /pləˈfɑnd/ Forms: 1600s platfound, 1600s–1800s platfond, 1700s plaffond. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French plafond, platfond. Etymology: < French plafond, †platfond ceiling (1546 in Middle French as platfons ), painting on a ceiling (1639), soffit (1690) < plat flat (see plat adj. and adv.) + fond ceiling (1546 in this sense, in the compound platfons (see above), transferred use of fond bottom: see fond n.²). In sense 2 after French plafond, denoting a forerunner of contract bridge (although this is apparently first attested slightly later in the relevant sense: 1932; 1926 or earlier as bridge-plafond , so called because a player aimed to bid to his ceiling (see 6d) of tricks; earlier in sense ‘part of a bridge scoresheet where honours and penalties are recorded’ (1922)). The game of plafond was apparently invented in France in 1917–8, although other sources claim that it was played in the United States as early as 1915. N.E.D. (1907) gives only the non-naturalized pronunciation (plafoṅ) /plafɔ̃/. 1. Architecture. A ceiling, either flat or vaulted, esp. one decorated with paintings; (also) a soffit; (hence) a painting executed on a ceiling or soffit. †in plafond: on the ceiling (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > ceiling > [noun] roofeOE firstOE first-roofOE silour1424 siling1483 ceiling1535 loftingc1540 loft1596 floor1600 plafond1664 top1709 ceil1840 planchment1874 laquearia1922 overhead1942 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > entablature > cornice > corona > parts of or associated parts modillion1563 plancher1565 cartouse1611 soffita1652 planceer1660 model1663 mundilion?1677 plafond1723 cartouche1726 cartridge- 1664 J. Evelyn tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. ii. ix. 110 Also they do rarely well about Platfonds and upon Ground-works. 1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) i. 87 The roof..is all guilt, and set with curious pictures in Platfound. ?c1710 J. Taylor Journey Edenborough (1903) 37 The plaffond is handsomely painted. 1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 52 The Plafond or Soffit of the Cornice. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Soffito In Architecture, any Plafond or Ceiling, form'd of cross Beams, or flying Cornices. 1801 H. Fuseli Lect. Painting I. ii.86 The platfonds, pannels, and cupolas of palaces and temples. 1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings xiii. 102 Naked female figures fill every plafond. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1016 Plafond or Platfond,..also the under-side of the projection of the larmier of the cornice; generally any sofite. 1882 Cent. Mag. Mar. 747/2 They certainly have not been used here to their utmost advantage in the little plafond corners, which..might have been modeled by anybody as well as by the best. 1997 T. Pynchon Mason & Dixon 412 The Plafond..runs to a full spectrum of colors, depicting not the wing'd beings of Heaven, but rather the Denizens of Hell, and quite busy at their Pleasures, too. 2. Cards. Also with capital initial. A French form of the card game bridge, which was adapted to become contract bridge. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > varieties of nullo1893 duplicate1894 auction bridge1903 auction1908 contract1908 duplicate bridge1929 plafond1929 rubber bridge1935 1929 A. E. M. Foster Contract Bridge for All i. 8 When a player and his partner elect to take tricks to complete the contract, no bonus is scored in respect of any tricks taken by reason of a revoke... The game of Plafond, played in France, is on the same basis. 1933 A. E. M. Foster Bridge-Plafond 17 Plafond was invented in France in 1918, and it is still played widely on the Continent. 1963 G. F. Harvey Handbk. Card Games 131 The Continental game of Plafond, the main feature of which was (because the game is no longer played) that tricks must be contracted for in order to be scored towards game. 1975 Times 15 Nov. 13/5 In May 1925, Mr Vanderbilt..joined in a rubber of the continental game of plafond. He saw possibilities in the game, added the attraction of vulnerability,..introduced it to the [New York] Whist Club under the name of Contract Bridge. 1992 Independent (Nexis) 6 Apr. 20 She was born Rika Scharfstein in Vienna in 1910 and became a dedicated card-player at a young age. Plafond, an early form of contract bridge, was a youthful passion. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1664
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