plastronn.

Brit.

/ˈplastr(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈplæstrən/

Forms: 1500s plasteroun (Scottish), 1600s– plastron.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French plastron.

Etymology: < Middle French, French plastron breastplate (1477–78; 1456 as palestron , although perhaps much earlier: see note below), piece of fencing armour (1671), ventral part of the shell of a tortoise or turtle (1752), ventral plumage of a bird, coloured differently from the rest (1775; compare sense 4), front panels on civilian dress (1865; compare sense 3), special cuticle on some aquatic insects (F. Brocher 1912, in Ann. biol. lacustre 5 141) < Italian piastrone breastplate (a1470, obsolete in this sense) < piastra plate of metal (see piastre n.) + -one , augmentative suffix (see -oon suffix). Compare German Plastron breastplate, piece of fencing armour (first half of the 17th cent. or earlier; < French).Compare post-classical Latin plastrona breastplate (1290 in a Scottish source), which cannot have been formed within Latin and is therefore likely to be a borrowing of an earlier unattested Romance form, given its provenance probably either Anglo-Norman or Old French.

a. A steel breastplate worn beneath a hauberk. Now historical.In quot. a1665 in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > armour for front of body > breast-plate

breastplate1358

breastc1380

stomacher1450

vumbard1464

plastron1507

grand guard1548

vantguard1561

breast guard1578

breasting1579

pectoral1656

mamelière1824

1507 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 367 Item, for ane hebreschoun.., and ane plasteroun to the samyn.

a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 200 Laying under it a thick Plastron (or Cake of a finger thick) of Beef-Suet.

1786 F. Grose Treat. Anc. Armour 70 The defensive armour of a Norman knight..consisted of a Helmet, a Hawberk..the Gambeson, the Plastron, and Sur Coat of Arms.

1837 W. H. Ainsworth Crichton II. 392 The point of his lance glanced off the sharp gorget of the plastron.

1853 G. P. R. James Agnes Sorel I. v. 90 I should be thrown on one side like a rusty plastron.

1992 Harper's Mag. May 9/1 His collection of martial costume was the wonder of the age—breastplates, Spanish top boots, plastrons, caps, medals, [etc.].

b. Fencing. A shield or pad worn to protect the chest. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fencing > [noun] > other equipment

plastron1693

1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires vi. 102 Against the Post, their wicker Shields they crush, Flourish the Sword, and at the Plastron push.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Plastron, a Fencing-Master's quilted Breast-Leather, which serves for his Scholars to push at.

1755 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 15 Dec. (1932) (modernized text) V. 2169 The several situations which I have been in, having made me long the plastron of dedications, I am become as callous to flattery as some people are to abuse.

1847 C. G. F. Gore Castles in Air (1857) xxiv. 217 One of the many merry mountebanks who are lost without the presence of a plastron against whom they may exercise their lunging.

1893 J. H. McCarthy Red Diamonds I. 261 Endeavouring to plant her foil on the leather plastron of the fencing-master's chest.

1987 Fencing (‘Know the Game’ Series) 2/3 Underneath the jacket a protective plastron must be worn which covers the area under the sword-arm and part of the back and chest.

2000 New Republic (Nexis) 23 Oct. 23 Female fencers—all fencers, in fact—wear plastrons.

†c. An ornamental plaque worn on the breast. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > breast ornament > [noun]

phalera1606

plastron1883

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for chest or breast > types of > other

breastlineeOE

pectoral?a1439

breastbandc1450

codpiece1577

plastron1883

slendang1885

rabat1975

1883 D. H. R. Goodale in Harper's Mag. July 242/2 That plastron of steel ornaments is effective.

2. Zoology.

a. The ventral part of the shell of a tortoise or turtle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > member of > parts of > shell or parts of

shell1542

tortoiseshell1601

breastplate1698

plastron1831

hyposternal1835

neural plate1849

nuchal1864

hypoplastron1871

medullary plate1879

neural1888

neural bone1889

1831 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom IX. 67 The plastron, or breast-plate [of the areolated tortoise] is yellowish and flat, truncated,..and covered with twelve scaly plates.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 201/2 This plastron is the sternum, or..the union of several sternums.

1870 P. Gillmore tr. L. Figuier Reptiles & Birds 158 Terrestrial Tortoises are distinguished by their short, oval and convex bodies, covered by carapace and plastron.

1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo xxi. 273 The box turtles of Africa..are curious in that they have the hinge on the upper shell posterior to the middle instead of only on the plastron, as in the other box turtles.

1992 M. Schaffer-Fehre tr. S. Schaal & W. Ziegler Messel viii. 99 The earliest turtles are known from the Triassic..and already carried an arched carapace and a more flattened ventral plate, the plastron.

b. An analogous ventral plate in other animals; esp. one between the two posterior ambulacra in certain irregular echinoids.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [noun] > hard or protective covering > scale > large scale or bony plate > ventral plate

plastron1854

1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters xxiv. 504 The extraordinary form of Pterichthys..with its arched carpace [sic] and flat plastron restored before me.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 557 As to the interambulacral plates, they become much expanded near the peristome of Spatangidæ... The whole structure constitutes a raised plastron.

1970 R. M. Black Elements Palaeontol. ix. 123 Micraster..has a heart-shaped test... The plastron is broad, and the labrum is prominent.

1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 141 The roughly oval to triangular area between the mouth and anus on the oral surface is called the plastron.

c. Entomology. In certain aquatic insects: a patch of external cuticle covered with hairs which retain a thin layer of air for breathing under water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > respiration > plastron

plastron1947

1947 Thorpe & Crisp in Jrnl. Exper. Biol. 24 227 (title) Studies on plastron respiration.

1959 T. R. E. Southwood & D. Leston Land & Water Bugs Brit. Isles 367 The air film is self-renewing: oxygen continually diffuses in and out, the whole forming a plastron, or external gill.

1987 M. S. Laverack & J. Dando Lect. Notes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 3) xxiii. 123/2 Respiration may be a consequence of..behavioural and structural modification (plastron respiration in aquatic insects).

a. A kind of ornamental front panel on a woman's bodice. Also: a loose front of lace, or of a light fabric edged with lace, embroidery, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > bodice > parts of

waistcoat1711

stay-hook1743

mantilla1835

plastron1857

Basque1860

jabot1881

Amadis1898

corsage1911

halter1935

1857 Harper's Mag. Feb. 432/1 Figure 4 is a corset cover, the plastron of which is formed of five compartments.

1873 Young Englishwoman Jan. 25/2 The corsage remained open in front, over a plastron of Mechlin lace.

1883 Cassell's Family Mag. Sept. 619/1 Occasionally the waistcoat or plastron is made full.

1893 Lady 10 Aug. 146/3 The vest or plastron is of silk covered with lace.

1924 J. Mahoney in B. C. Williams O. Henry Prize Stories of 1923 138 Her tight black bodice was pointed like a basque, and a large plastron of jet beads was applied down its generous front.

1990 N. Baker Room Temperature x. 83 I thought I could detect molded nipples in the tastefully unpronounced see-through surface bulges of her plastron.

b. A man's starched shirt front, esp. one without pleats.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > shirt > part of > front > detached

half-shirt1661

sham1721

shirtee1805

dicky1807

shirt front1830

front1843

shirt bosom1858

plastron1888

vestee1904

1888 W. D. Howells Annie Kilburn xi. 115 His collar lost itself..under the rise of his plastron scarf band.

1890 Athenæum 7 June 745/3 The one restraining influence upon the civilized man is the ‘plastron’, otherwise the shirt front of evening dress.

1900 Daily News 24 Mar. 6/4 The light from the lamp..shows a curious and useful reflection on the plastron of the white shirt.

1915 F. M. Hueffer Good Soldier i. iii. 38 You never can tell what may go on behind even a not quite spotless plastron!

1991 J. Ashbery Flow Chart v. 179 How would you like a plastron front to wear with this?

†4. Ornithology. A patch of colour on the underparts of a bird. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > on breast or stomach

maila1475

mail-feather1773

plastron1890

waistcoat1898

1890 Cent. Dict. Plastron,..a colored area on the breast or belly of a bird, like or likened to a shield.

5. Anatomy. The sternum together with the costal cartilages, as removed in a post-mortem examination. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > breastbone > [noun] > with costal cartilages

plastron1890

1890 Cent. Dict. Plastron,..the sternum with the costal cartilages attached, as removed in autopsies.

1988 Jrnl. Forensic Sci. 33 100 Characteristic changes that can be demonstrated on roentgenograms occur with increasing age in the plastron (chest plate) of humans.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	plastron
释义	plastronn. Brit. /ˈplastr(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈplæstrən/ Forms: 1500s plasteroun (Scottish), 1600s– plastron. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French plastron. Etymology: < Middle French, French plastron breastplate (1477–78; 1456 as palestron , although perhaps much earlier: see note below), piece of fencing armour (1671), ventral part of the shell of a tortoise or turtle (1752), ventral plumage of a bird, coloured differently from the rest (1775; compare sense 4), front panels on civilian dress (1865; compare sense 3), special cuticle on some aquatic insects (F. Brocher 1912, in Ann. biol. lacustre 5 141) < Italian piastrone breastplate (a1470, obsolete in this sense) < piastra plate of metal (see piastre n.) + -one , augmentative suffix (see -oon suffix). Compare German Plastron breastplate, piece of fencing armour (first half of the 17th cent. or earlier; < French).Compare post-classical Latin plastrona breastplate (1290 in a Scottish source), which cannot have been formed within Latin and is therefore likely to be a borrowing of an earlier unattested Romance form, given its provenance probably either Anglo-Norman or Old French. 1. a. A steel breastplate worn beneath a hauberk. Now historical.In quot. a1665 in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > armour for front of body > breast-plate breastplate1358 breastc1380 stomacher1450 vumbard1464 plastron1507 grand guard1548 vantguard1561 breast guard1578 breasting1579 pectoral1656 mamelière1824 1507 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 367 Item, for ane hebreschoun.., and ane plasteroun to the samyn. a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 200 Laying under it a thick Plastron (or Cake of a finger thick) of Beef-Suet. 1786 F. Grose Treat. Anc. Armour 70 The defensive armour of a Norman knight..consisted of a Helmet, a Hawberk..the Gambeson, the Plastron, and Sur Coat of Arms. 1837 W. H. Ainsworth Crichton II. 392 The point of his lance glanced off the sharp gorget of the plastron. 1853 G. P. R. James Agnes Sorel I. v. 90 I should be thrown on one side like a rusty plastron. 1992 Harper's Mag. May 9/1 His collection of martial costume was the wonder of the age—breastplates, Spanish top boots, plastrons, caps, medals, [etc.]. b. Fencing. A shield or pad worn to protect the chest. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fencing > [noun] > other equipment plastron1693 1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires vi. 102 Against the Post, their wicker Shields they crush, Flourish the Sword, and at the Plastron push. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Plastron, a Fencing-Master's quilted Breast-Leather, which serves for his Scholars to push at. 1755 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 15 Dec. (1932) (modernized text) V. 2169 The several situations which I have been in, having made me long the plastron of dedications, I am become as callous to flattery as some people are to abuse. 1847 C. G. F. Gore Castles in Air (1857) xxiv. 217 One of the many merry mountebanks who are lost without the presence of a plastron against whom they may exercise their lunging. 1893 J. H. McCarthy Red Diamonds I. 261 Endeavouring to plant her foil on the leather plastron of the fencing-master's chest. 1987 Fencing (‘Know the Game’ Series) 2/3 Underneath the jacket a protective plastron must be worn which covers the area under the sword-arm and part of the back and chest. 2000 New Republic (Nexis) 23 Oct. 23 Female fencers—all fencers, in fact—wear plastrons. †c. An ornamental plaque worn on the breast. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > breast ornament > [noun] phalera1606 plastron1883 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for chest or breast > types of > other breastlineeOE pectoral?a1439 breastbandc1450 codpiece1577 plastron1883 slendang1885 rabat1975 1883 D. H. R. Goodale in Harper's Mag. July 242/2 That plastron of steel ornaments is effective. 2. Zoology. a. The ventral part of the shell of a tortoise or turtle. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > member of > parts of > shell or parts of shell1542 tortoiseshell1601 breastplate1698 plastron1831 hyposternal1835 neural plate1849 nuchal1864 hypoplastron1871 medullary plate1879 neural1888 neural bone1889 1831 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom IX. 67 The plastron, or breast-plate [of the areolated tortoise] is yellowish and flat, truncated,..and covered with twelve scaly plates. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 201/2 This plastron is the sternum, or..the union of several sternums. 1870 P. Gillmore tr. L. Figuier Reptiles & Birds 158 Terrestrial Tortoises are distinguished by their short, oval and convex bodies, covered by carapace and plastron. 1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo xxi. 273 The box turtles of Africa..are curious in that they have the hinge on the upper shell posterior to the middle instead of only on the plastron, as in the other box turtles. 1992 M. Schaffer-Fehre tr. S. Schaal & W. Ziegler Messel viii. 99 The earliest turtles are known from the Triassic..and already carried an arched carapace and a more flattened ventral plate, the plastron. b. An analogous ventral plate in other animals; esp. one between the two posterior ambulacra in certain irregular echinoids. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [noun] > hard or protective covering > scale > large scale or bony plate > ventral plate plastron1854 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters xxiv. 504 The extraordinary form of Pterichthys..with its arched carpace [sic] and flat plastron restored before me. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 557 As to the interambulacral plates, they become much expanded near the peristome of Spatangidæ... The whole structure constitutes a raised plastron. 1970 R. M. Black Elements Palaeontol. ix. 123 Micraster..has a heart-shaped test... The plastron is broad, and the labrum is prominent. 1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 141 The roughly oval to triangular area between the mouth and anus on the oral surface is called the plastron. c. Entomology. In certain aquatic insects: a patch of external cuticle covered with hairs which retain a thin layer of air for breathing under water. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > respiration > plastron plastron1947 1947 Thorpe & Crisp in Jrnl. Exper. Biol. 24 227 (title) Studies on plastron respiration. 1959 T. R. E. Southwood & D. Leston Land & Water Bugs Brit. Isles 367 The air film is self-renewing: oxygen continually diffuses in and out, the whole forming a plastron, or external gill. 1987 M. S. Laverack & J. Dando Lect. Notes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 3) xxiii. 123/2 Respiration may be a consequence of..behavioural and structural modification (plastron respiration in aquatic insects). 3. a. A kind of ornamental front panel on a woman's bodice. Also: a loose front of lace, or of a light fabric edged with lace, embroidery, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > bodice > parts of waistcoat1711 stay-hook1743 mantilla1835 plastron1857 Basque1860 jabot1881 Amadis1898 corsage1911 halter1935 1857 Harper's Mag. Feb. 432/1 Figure 4 is a corset cover, the plastron of which is formed of five compartments. 1873 Young Englishwoman Jan. 25/2 The corsage remained open in front, over a plastron of Mechlin lace. 1883 Cassell's Family Mag. Sept. 619/1 Occasionally the waistcoat or plastron is made full. 1893 Lady 10 Aug. 146/3 The vest or plastron is of silk covered with lace. 1924 J. Mahoney in B. C. Williams O. Henry Prize Stories of 1923 138 Her tight black bodice was pointed like a basque, and a large plastron of jet beads was applied down its generous front. 1990 N. Baker Room Temperature x. 83 I thought I could detect molded nipples in the tastefully unpronounced see-through surface bulges of her plastron. b. A man's starched shirt front, esp. one without pleats. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > shirt > part of > front > detached half-shirt1661 sham1721 shirtee1805 dicky1807 shirt front1830 front1843 shirt bosom1858 plastron1888 vestee1904 1888 W. D. Howells Annie Kilburn xi. 115 His collar lost itself..under the rise of his plastron scarf band. 1890 Athenæum 7 June 745/3 The one restraining influence upon the civilized man is the ‘plastron’, otherwise the shirt front of evening dress. 1900 Daily News 24 Mar. 6/4 The light from the lamp..shows a curious and useful reflection on the plastron of the white shirt. 1915 F. M. Hueffer Good Soldier i. iii. 38 You never can tell what may go on behind even a not quite spotless plastron! 1991 J. Ashbery Flow Chart v. 179 How would you like a plastron front to wear with this? †4. Ornithology. A patch of colour on the underparts of a bird. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > on breast or stomach maila1475 mail-feather1773 plastron1890 waistcoat1898 1890 Cent. Dict. Plastron,..a colored area on the breast or belly of a bird, like or likened to a shield. 5. Anatomy. The sternum together with the costal cartilages, as removed in a post-mortem examination. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > breastbone > [noun] > with costal cartilages plastron1890 1890 Cent. Dict. Plastron,..the sternum with the costal cartilages attached, as removed in autopsies. 1988 Jrnl. Forensic Sci. 33 100 Characteristic changes that can be demonstrated on roentgenograms occur with increasing age in the plastron (chest plate) of humans. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1507
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