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单词 pitiful
释义

pitifuladj.adv.

Brit. /ˈpɪtɪf(ᵿ)l/, U.S. /ˈpɪdif(ə)l/
Forms: Middle English peteful, Middle English petiful, Middle English petyful, Middle English piteefull, Middle English pitefulle, Middle English pytefull, Middle English pyttyful, Middle English pytyful, Middle English 1600s pityful, Middle English–1500s piteful, Middle English–1500s pitefull, 1500s petefull, 1500s pietifull, 1500s pitfle, 1500s pitiefull, 1500s pyteful, 1500s pytiful, 1500s pytyfull, 1500s–1600s pitifull, 1500s–1700s pittiful, 1500s–1600s pittifull, 1500s– pitiful, 1600s pittyfull, 1600s pityfull; Scottish pre-1700 petefull, pre-1700 petyful, pre-1700 pietefull, pre-1700 pietiful, pre-1700 pietifull, pre-1700 pitieful, pre-1700 pitiefull, pre-1700 pittifull, pre-1700 1700s pitifull, pre-1700 1700s– pitiful, 1800s pitifu', 1900s– peetifu'.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pity n., -ful suffix.
Etymology: < pity n. + -ful suffix. Compare earlier piteous adj. and piteous adv., and also pitiable adj.
A. adj.
1. Full of or characterized by pity; compassionate, merciful, tender. Cf. pitiable adj. 1. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > compassion > [adjective]
pitifulc1350
pitiablea1475
yearninga1704
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) lxxxv. 14 (MED) For þou..art pityful [L. miserator] and merciable.
a1400 Brief Counsels (Royal) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 66 (MED) Mildnes: Be piteful; Loue þi neghbore.
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 200 (MED) And redily, lord, heryn þou makist þe, ful curteis, gentil, and piteful into oure eese, and doost to vs a greet benefet.
a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. cclxxxvi/2 Thenne this pytefull man..dyde almesse.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) James v. 11 The lorde is very pitifull and mercifull.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xx. 100 Shewing his pietifull affeccion.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. iii. 2 The Wall is high, and yet will I leape downe. Good ground be pittifull, and hurt me not. View more context for this quotation
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 623 He was pitiful to the poor, and hospitable to his neighbours.
1707 O. Blackall Blessedness of Poor in Spirit 26 A pitiful and compassionate Temper.
1791 A. Yearsley Earl Goodwin 68 My heart to him grew pitiful.
1850 E. C. Gaskell Lizzie Leigh iii For she is tender and pitiful, and speaks hopefully of my lost one.
1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost vii. 186 Why did our Divine Master, pitiful and tender as He is, speak so sternly?
1934 M. Asquith Fräulein Schwartz v, in Miss Ogilvy finds Herself 156 There was Fräulein Schwartz to whom nobody spoke except Alan, who felt very pitiful of her.
1984 H. Spurling Secrets of Woman's Heart vii. 193 Ivy was..always pitiful in her books to the maltreated and weak.
2015 W. Hershaw Postcairds fae Woodwick Mill 40 [Ceremonial] Mace. Wyce-like/Peityfou/Even-haundit/Straught.
2. Characterized by piety; devout. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [adjective]
GodfrightOE
goodOE
ghostlyOE
Godfrightya1225
seelya1225
devout?c1225
piteousc1300
spiritualc1384
graciousa1387
godlyc1390
pitifulc1449
inwardc1450
piousc1450
evangelica1475
servantly1503
obedientiala1513
Christian1526
well-believing1529
God-fearing1548
resigneda1555
heavenly minded1569
timorate1570
Godfull1593
pious1595
fearful1597
devoutful1598
devotea1625
serious1684
unctuous1742
theopathetic1749
fire-spirited1845
theopathic1846
unctional1849
interior1854
devotionate1864
sacramental1874
pi1891
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 200 (MED) O cros..encrece thou riȝtwisnes to piteful men [L. piis adauge gratiam] and ȝeue forȝeuenes to gilti men.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Piii/2 Pittiful, pius..misericors.
3. Arousing or apt to arouse pity; deserving pity; moving, affecting. Cf. pitiable adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > compassion > quality of exciting pity > [adjective]
armlyeOE
unseelyOE
rulyOE
ruefulc1225
ruthfulc1225
sorryc1225
piteousc1300
poorc1300
ruthlyc1300
pietousa1393
pitifulc1450
lamentablec1460
miserable?a1475
pitiablec1475
execrable1490
plainful1555
tristsum1567
passionatea1586
touchinga1586
pathetic1591
melting1593
remorseful?1615
compassionate1630
compassionable1635
ruesome1833
po'1866
little-boy-lost1957
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [adjective] > lamentable
ruefulc1225
pietousa1393
weepablec1449
pitifulc1450
lamentablec1460
pitiablec1475
implorable1535
moanworthy1540
wailfula1547
wailsome1566
tristsum1567
moanful1573
souspirable1594
bemoanable1611
bewailable1611
deplorable1612
criminal1792
c1450 [implied in: Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 286 He hard a voyce cry petifullie..‘Iulian, com & feche me owr, I pray the!’ (at pitifully adv. 2)].
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 223 (MED) Now is þe ston take ffrom þe caue; here may men se A rewly sygth of þis ded body..Wrappyd in a petefful plyght.
1532 W. Tyndale Wks. (1573) II. 91 How pale and pitiful look they,..hanging down their heads.
1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. x. 183/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I To raise pitifull and odious sores, and mooue the harts of the goers by such places where they lie, to yerne at their miserie.
1647 J. Sprigge Anglia Rediviva ii. i. 66 The pittifullest spectacle that man can behold.
1688 A. Behn Fair Jilt 28 He..made so pitiful a Story of his suffering Love, as almost mov'd the old Prince to compassionate him so far, as to permit him to stay.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 275 The Poor, who were more subject to be infected and in the most pitiful Plight when they were taken with the Infection.
1797 Anti-Jacobin 27 Nov. 15/2 As soon as you have told your Pitiful story.
1831 M. Prince Hist. Mary Prince (ed. 3) 3 It recalls the great grief that filled my heart..whilst listening to the pitiful words of my poor mother, weeping for the loss of her children.
1871 J. Morley Vauvenargues in Crit. Misc. (1878) 1st Ser. 6 The pitiful fate of his friend.
1900 S. R. Crockett Stickit Minister's Wooing 320 The streets sae het and dry, the blawin' stoor, the peetifu' bairns in the gutter.
1943 John Bull 20 Nov. 6/2 Contribution to the controversy about war-time morals came from Capt. Cunningham Reid, who told..the pitiful story of Mary, the ‘good-time girl’.
1990 P. Callow Van Gogh (BNC) 122 Somehow this sad and pitiful woman..has been fused with Michelet's ‘woman in black’ in his imagination.
4. Evoking pitying contempt; very small, poor, or meagre; paltry; inadequate, insignificant; despicable, contemptible. Cf. pitiable adj. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > paltry, mean, or contemptible
unworthlyc1230
wretcha1250
seely1297
vilec1320
not worth a cress (kerse)1377
the value of a rushc1380
threadbarec1412
wretched1450
miserable?a1513
rascal1519
prettya1522
not worth a whistlea1529
pegrall1535
plack1539
pelting1540
scald1542
sleeveless1551
baggage1553
paltering1553
piddling1559
twopenny1560
paltry1565
rubbish1565
baggagely1573
pelfish1577
halfpenny1579
palting1579
baubling1581
three-halfpenny1581
pitiful1582
triobolar1585
squirting1589
not worth a lousea1592
hedge1596
cheap1597
peddling1597
dribbling1600
mean1600
rascally1600
three-farthingc1600
draughty1602
dilute1605
copper1609
peltry?a1610
threepenny1613
pelsy1631
pimping1640
triobolary1644
pigwidgeon1647
dustya1649
fiddling1652
puddlinga1653
insignificant1658
piteous1667
snotty1681
scrubbed1688
dishonourable1699
scrub1711
footy1720
fouty1722
rubbishing1731
chuck-farthing1748
rubbishy1753
shabby1753
scrubby1754
poxya1758
rubbishly1777
waff-like1808
trinkety1817
meanish1831
one-eyed1843
twiddling1844
measly1847
poking1850
picayunish1852
vild1853
picayune1856
snide1859
two-cent1859
rummagy1872
faddling1883
finicking1886
slushy1889
twopence halfpenny1890
jerk1893
pissy1922
crappy1928
two-bit1932
piddly1933
chickenshit1934
pissing1937
penny packet1943
farkakte1960
pony1964
gay1978
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > condition of being held in contempt > [adjective] > contemptible
unworthc893
unwrastc893
littleOE
narrow-hearteda1200
wretcha1200
unworthya1240
wretchedc1250
un-i-wrastc1275
bad1276
lechera1300
feeblea1325
despisablea1340
villain1340
contemptiblec1384
lousyc1386
caitiff1393
brothelyc1400
roinousa1425
poor1425
sevenpennyc1475
nasty1477
peakish1519
filthy1533
despectuous1541
beggary1542
scald1542
shitten?1545
disdainfula1547
contemptuous1549
despicable1553
skit-brained?1553
contemniblea1555
vile1560
sluttish1561
queer1567
scornful1570
scallardc1575
tinkerly?1576
worthless1576
beggarly?1577
paltry1578
halfpenny1579
dog bolt1580
pitiful1582
sneaking1582
triobolar1585
wormisha1586
baddy1586
dudgeon1592
measled1596
packstaff1598
roguey1598
roguish1601
contemptful1608
grovelling1608
lightly1608
disdainable1611
purulent1611
snotty-nose1622
vilipendious1630
cittern-headed1638
wormy1640
pissabed1643
triobolary1644
disparageable1648
blue-bellied1652
unestimable1656
scullion1658
piteous1667
dirty1670
shabbed1674
shabby1679
snotty1681
snotty-nosed1682
mucky1683
bollocky1694
scoundrel1700
scaldeda1704
sneaking1703
ficulnean1716
unsolid1731
pitiable1753
scrubby1754
inimitable1798
scrubbish1798
worm-likea1807
small1824
lowlife1827
ketty1828
skunkish1831
yellow-bellied1833
scaly1843
cockroachya1845
wutless1853
nigger1859
trashy1862
low-down1872
cruddy1877
shitty1879
tinhorn1886
blithering1889
motherfucking1890
snidey1890
pilgarlicky1894
shitass1895
shoddy1918
yah boo1921
bitching1929
shit-faced1932
turdish1936
fricking1937
jerk-off1937
chickenshit1940
sheg-up1941
snot-nosed1941
jerky1944
mother-loving1948
scroungy1948
fecking1952
pissant1952
shit-kicking1953
shit-eating1956
bumboclaat1957
rassclaat1957
shit-headed1959
farkakte1960
shithouse1966
daggy1967
dipshit1968
scuzzy1969
bloodclaat1971
bitch ass1972
wanky1972
streelish1974
twatty1975
twattish1976
dweeby1988
douchey1991
wank1991
cockish1996
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 65 Feare shews pitfle crauens.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales ii. vii. 42 Many such simple & friuolous matters, and more mildly to tearme them, pitifull.
1660 S. Pepys Diary 26 Feb. (1970) I. 69 A pitiful copy of verses.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 28 It is no more but a pitiful Village.
1738 J. Hildrop Let. Commandm. (ed. 4) 17 Stealing we all know is the most pitiful, scoundrel Act of Injustice.
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. liv. 240 I see the pitiful advantage he has taken.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. ix. 71/1 Were it but the pitifullest infinitesimal fraction of a Product, produce it in God's name!
1874 L. Carr Judith Gwynne I. iv. 130 When you talk such pitiful trash about rewarding me.
1930 J. B. Priestley Angel Pavement i. 38 He could not pretend to himself now that such pitiful economies as these could stop the rot.
1992 G. Vanderhaeghe Things as they Are? 222 You're one pitiful solitaire player, the man repeated.
B. adv.
Pitifully. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > compassion > quality of exciting pity > [adverb]
rulyeOE
ruefullyc1225
ruthfullyc1225
piteouslyc1300
miserably?a1425
piteousc1425
pitifullyc1450
pietously1474
touchingly?1507
lamentably1585
pitiful1600
pitiedly1661
meltingly1680
pitiably1688
pathetic1724
pathetically1740
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing v. ii. 28 The God of loue that..knowes me, how pittifull I deserue. View more context for this quotation

Compounds

pitiful-hearted adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 120 Pittifull harted Titan that melted at the sweet tale of the sonnes. View more context for this quotation
1741 ‘Jeremy Sharp’ Eng. Rogue 47 He..told me, that I must be sure to rise very early in the Morning, that those who passed by might suppose I had no other Lodging, but what a Bulk or a Gate-way afforded, That very often procuring Relief from pitiful hearted People.
1875 D. M. Mulock Christian's Mistake 26 He saw it all, this good man, this generous, pitiful-hearted man, who knew what sorrow was.
pitiful-minded adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
a1645 W. Strode Floating Island (1655) ii. iii As for my Sister, shee's one I'm sure: She colours for it; her willow gowne with nay me forsaken wretch is a Challeng, a meer Challeng to all pittiful-minded Amoroses.
1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue I. sig. D3v Procuring relief from pitiful-minded persons.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.adv.c1350
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